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Fazzina M, Bergonzoni M, Massenzio F, Monti B, Frabetti F, Casadei R. Selection of suitable reference genes for gene expression studies in HMC3 cell line by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2431. [PMID: 38287074 PMCID: PMC10825209 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52415-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia represent the primary immune defense system within the central nervous system and play a role in the inflammatory processes occurring in numerous disorders, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). PD onset and progression are associated with factors considered possible causes of neuroinflammation, i.e. genetic mutations. In vitro models of microglial cells were established to identify specific molecular targets in PD through the analysis of gene expression data. Recently, the Human Microglial Clone 3 cell line (HMC3) has been characterized and a new human microglia model has emerged. Here we perform RT-qPCR analyses to evaluate the expression of ten reference genes in HMC3, untreated or stimulated to a pro-inflammatory status. The comparative ∆CT method, BestKeeper, Normfinder, geNorm and RefFinder algorithms were used to assess the stability of the candidate genes. The results showed that the most suitable internal controls are HPRT1, RPS18 and B2M genes. In addition, the most stable and unstable reference genes were used to normalize the expression of a gene of interest in HMC3, resulting in a difference in the statistical significance in cells treated with Rotenone. This is the first reference gene validation study in HMC3 cell line in pro-inflammatory status and can contribute to more reliable gene expression analysis in the field of neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Fazzina
- Department for Life Quality Studies - QUVI, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Matteo Bergonzoni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology - FABIT, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Massenzio
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology - FABIT, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Monti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology - FABIT, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Flavia Frabetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences - DIMEC, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Raffaella Casadei
- Department for Life Quality Studies - QUVI, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy.
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Zhao M, Chen N, Guo Y, Wu N, Cao B, Zhan B, Li Y, Zhou T, Zhu F, Guo C, Shi Y, Wang Q, Li Y, Zhang L. D-mannose acts as a V-ATPase inhibitor to suppress inflammatory cytokines generation and bacterial killing in macrophage. Mol Immunol 2023; 162:84-94. [PMID: 37660434 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) critically controls phagosome acidification to promote pathogen digestion and clearance in macrophage. However, the specific subunits of V-ATPase have been evidenced to play contradictory functions in inflammatory cytokines generation and secretion exposure to external bacterial or LPS stimulation. Therefore, identifying the unique function of the separate subunit of V-ATPase is extremely important to regulate macrophage function. Here, we found that D-mannose, a C-2 epimer of glucose, suppressed ATP6V1B2 lysosomal translocation to inhibit V-ATPase activity in macrophages, thereby causing the scaffold protein axis inhibitor protein (AXIN) recruitment to lysosomal membrane and AMPK activation. Correspondingly, LPS-stimulated macrophage M1 polarization was significantly suppressed by D-mannose via down-regulating NF-κB signaling pathway in response to AMPK activation, while IL-4 induced macrophage M2 polarization were not affected. Furthermore, the failure of lysosomal localization of ATP6V1B2 caused by D-mannose also led to the acidification defects of lysosome. Therefore, D-mannose displayed a remarkable function in inhibiting macrophage phagocytosis and bacterial killing. Taken together, D-mannose acts a novel V-ATPase suppressor to attenuate macrophage inflammatory production but simultaneously prevent macrophage phagocytosis and bacterial killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Nuo Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yaxin Guo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Baihui Cao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bing Zhan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yubin Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tian Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Faliang Zhu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chun Guo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yongyu Shi
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Lining Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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Ye Z, Li C, Liu S, Liang H, Feng J, Lin D, Chen Y, Peng S, Bu L, Tao E, Jing X, Liang Y. Dl-3-n-butylphthalide activates Nrf2, inhibits ferritinophagy, and protects MES23.5 dopaminergic neurons from ferroptosis. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 382:110604. [PMID: 37315914 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a newly identified iron-dependent form of cell death, has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) attenuates behavioral and cognitive deficits in animal models of PD. However, the potential of NBP to prevent dopaminergic neuron death by suppressing ferroptosis has rarely been explored. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of NBP on ferroptosis in erastin-induced dopaminergic neurons (MES23.5 cells) and the underlying mechanisms involved in these effects. Our results demonstrated that erastin significantly decreased viability of MES23.5 dopaminergic neurons in a dose-dependent manner, which was reversible by ferroptosis inhibitors. We further verified that NBP protected erastin-treated MES23.5 cells from death by inhibiting ferroptosis. Erastin increased the mitochondrial membrane density, caused lipid peroxidation, and decreased GPX4 expression in MES23.5 cells, which could be reversed by NBP preconditioning. NBP pretreatment suppressed erastin-induced labile iron accumulation and reactive oxygen species generation. Moreover, we demonstrated that erastin significantly reduced FTH expression, and pre-administration with NBP promoted Nrf2 translocation into the nucleus and increased the protein level of FTH. Additionally, the expression of LC3B-II in MES23.5 cells pretreated with NBP before administration of erastin was lower than that in cells treated with erastin alone. NBP reduced colocalization of FTH and autophagosomes in MES23.5 cells exposed to erastin. Finally, erastin gradually inhibited NCOA4 expression in a time-dependent manner, which was reversible by NBP pretreatment. Taken together, these results indicated that NBP suppressed ferroptosis via regulating FTH expression, which was achieved by promoting Nrf2 nuclear translocation and inhibiting NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy. As such, NBP may be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of neurological diseases associated with ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Ye
- Department of Neurology, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Chuna Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No.1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Shuqiong Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Hongbin Liang
- Department of Neurology, Ordos Central Hospital, No.23 Ejin Horo West Street, Ordos, 017000, China
| | - Jialiang Feng
- Department of Neurology, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Danyu Lin
- Department of Neurology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 3025 Shennan Middle Road, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Sudan Peng
- Department of Neurology, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Lulu Bu
- Department of Neurology, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Enxiang Tao
- Department of Neurology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 3025 Shennan Middle Road, Shenzhen, 518033, China.
| | - Xiuna Jing
- Department of Neurology, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Yanran Liang
- Department of Neurology, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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Zhong Z, Ye M, Yan F. A review of studies on gut microbiota and levodopa metabolism. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1046910. [PMID: 37332996 PMCID: PMC10272754 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1046910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease globally. Levodopa (L-dopa) has been the cornerstone for treating Parkinson's since the 1960s. However, complications such as "wearing-off" and dyskinesia inevitably appear with disease progression. With the further development of microbiomics in recent years, It has been recognized that gut microbiota plays a crucial role in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. However, Little is known about the impact of gut microbiota in PD treatment, especially in levodopa metabolism. This review examines the possible mechanisms of gut microbiota, such as Helicobacter pylori, Enterobacter faecalis, and Clostridium sporogenes, affecting L-dopa absorption. Furthermore, we review the current status of gut microbiota intervention strategies, providing new insights into the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Research Institution of Neuropsychiatry, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Ye
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fuling Yan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Research Institution of Neuropsychiatry, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Forloni G. Alpha Synuclein: Neurodegeneration and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065914. [PMID: 36982988 PMCID: PMC10059798 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-Synuclein (α-Syn) is one of the most important molecules involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and related disorders, synucleinopathies, but also in several other neurodegenerative disorders with a more elusive role. This review analyzes the activities of α-Syn, in different conformational states, monomeric, oligomeric and fibrils, in relation to neuronal dysfunction. The neuronal damage induced by α-Syn in various conformers will be analyzed in relation to its capacity to spread the intracellular aggregation seeds with a prion-like mechanism. In view of the prominent role of inflammation in virtually all neurodegenerative disorders, the activity of α-Syn will also be illustrated considering its influence on glial reactivity. We and others have described the interaction between general inflammation and cerebral dysfunctional activity of α-Syn. Differences in microglia and astrocyte activation have also been observed when in vivo the presence of α-Syn oligomers has been combined with a lasting peripheral inflammatory effect. The reactivity of microglia was amplified, while astrocytes were damaged by the double stimulus, opening new perspectives for the control of inflammation in synucleinopathies. Starting from our studies in experimental models, we extended the perspective to find useful pointers to orient future research and potential therapeutic strategies in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Forloni
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milano, Italy
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6
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Suárez-Rivero JM, López-Pérez J, Muela-Zarzuela I, Pastor-Maldonado C, Cilleros-Holgado P, Gómez-Fernández D, Álvarez-Córdoba M, Munuera-Cabeza M, Talaverón-Rey M, Povea-Cabello S, Suárez-Carrillo A, Piñero-Pérez R, Reche-López D, Romero-Domínguez JM, Sánchez-Alcázar JA. Neurodegeneration, Mitochondria, and Antibiotics. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030416. [PMID: 36984858 PMCID: PMC10056573 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the progressive loss of neurons, synapses, dendrites, and myelin in the central and/or peripheral nervous system. Actual therapeutic options for patients are scarce and merely palliative. Although they affect millions of patients worldwide, the molecular mechanisms underlying these conditions remain unclear. Mitochondrial dysfunction is generally found in neurodegenerative diseases and is believed to be involved in the pathomechanisms of these disorders. Therefore, therapies aiming to improve mitochondrial function are promising approaches for neurodegeneration. Although mitochondrial-targeted treatments are limited, new research findings have unraveled the therapeutic potential of several groups of antibiotics. These drugs possess pleiotropic effects beyond their anti-microbial activity, such as anti-inflammatory or mitochondrial enhancer function. In this review, we will discuss the controversial use of antibiotics as potential therapies in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M. Suárez-Rivero
- Institute for Biomedical Researching and Innovation of Cádiz (INiBICA) University Hospital Puerta del Mar, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan López-Pérez
- Institute for Biomedical Researching and Innovation of Cádiz (INiBICA) University Hospital Puerta del Mar, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Inés Muela-Zarzuela
- Institute for Biomedical Researching and Innovation of Cádiz (INiBICA) University Hospital Puerta del Mar, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Carmen Pastor-Maldonado
- Department of Molecular Biology Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Paula Cilleros-Holgado
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC-Pablo de Olavide-University), 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - David Gómez-Fernández
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC-Pablo de Olavide-University), 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Mónica Álvarez-Córdoba
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC-Pablo de Olavide-University), 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel Munuera-Cabeza
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC-Pablo de Olavide-University), 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marta Talaverón-Rey
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC-Pablo de Olavide-University), 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Suleva Povea-Cabello
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC-Pablo de Olavide-University), 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alejandra Suárez-Carrillo
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC-Pablo de Olavide-University), 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rocío Piñero-Pérez
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC-Pablo de Olavide-University), 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Diana Reche-López
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC-Pablo de Olavide-University), 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José M. Romero-Domínguez
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC-Pablo de Olavide-University), 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Antonio Sánchez-Alcázar
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC-Pablo de Olavide-University), 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-954978071
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7
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Lv QK, Tao KX, Wang XB, Yao XY, Pang MZ, Liu JY, Wang F, Liu CF. Role of α-synuclein in microglia: autophagy and phagocytosis balance neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:443-462. [PMID: 36598534 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01676-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, and is characterized by accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn). Neuroinflammation driven by microglia is an important pathological manifestation of PD. α-Syn is a crucial marker of PD, and its accumulation leads to microglia M1-like phenotype polarization, activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes, and impaired autophagy and phagocytosis in microglia. Autophagy of microglia is related to degradation of α-syn and NLRP3 inflammasome blockage to relieve neuroinflammation. Microglial autophagy and phagocytosis of released α-syn or fragments from apoptotic neurons maintain homeostasis in the brain. A variety of PD-related genes such as LRRK2, GBA and DJ-1 also contribute to this stability process. OBJECTIVES Further studies are needed to determine how α-syn works in microglia. METHODS A keyword-based search was performed using the PubMed database for published articles. CONCLUSION In this review, we discuss the interaction between microglia and α-syn in PD pathogenesis and the possible mechanism of microglial autophagy and phagocytosis in α-syn clearance and inhibition of neuroinflammation. This may provide a novel insight into treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Kun Lv
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Kang-Xin Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Yao
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Meng-Zhu Pang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jun-Yi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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8
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De Chirico F, Poeta E, Babini G, Piccolino I, Monti B, Massenzio F. New models of Parkinson's like neuroinflammation in human microglia clone 3: Activation profiles induced by INF-γ plus high glucose and mitochondrial inhibitors. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1038721. [PMID: 36523814 PMCID: PMC9744797 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1038721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia activation and neuroinflammation have been extensively studied in murine models of neurodegenerative diseases; however, to overcome the genetic differences between species, a human cell model of microglia able to recapitulate the activation profiles described in patients is needed. Here we developed human models of Parkinson's like neuroinflammation by using the human microglia clone 3 (HMC3) cells, whose activation profile in response to classic inflammatory stimuli has been controversial and reported only at mRNA levels so far. In fact, we showed the increased expression of the pro-inflammatory markers iNOS, Caspase 1, IL-1β, in response to IFN-γ plus high glucose, a non-specific disease stimulus that emphasized the dynamic polarization and heterogenicity of the microglial population. More specifically, we demonstrated the polarization of HMC3 cells through the upregulation of iNOS expression and nitrite production in response to the Parkinson's like stimuli, 6-hydroxidopamine (6-OHDA) and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), the latter depending on the NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, we identified inflammatory mediators that promote the pro-inflammatory activation of human microglia as function of different pathways that can simulate the phenotypic transition according to the stage of the pathology. In conclusion, we established and characterized different systems of HMC3 cells activation as in vitro models of Parkinson's like neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Francesca Massenzio
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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9
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The Interplay between Gut Microbiota and Parkinson's Disease: Implications on Diagnosis and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012289. [PMID: 36293176 PMCID: PMC9603886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The bidirectional interaction between the gut microbiota (GM) and the Central Nervous System, the so-called gut microbiota brain axis (GMBA), deeply affects brain function and has an important impact on the development of neurodegenerative diseases. In Parkinson’s disease (PD), gastrointestinal symptoms often precede the onset of motor and non-motor manifestations, and alterations in the GM composition accompany disease pathogenesis. Several studies have been conducted to unravel the role of dysbiosis and intestinal permeability in PD onset and progression, but the therapeutic and diagnostic applications of GM modifying approaches remain to be fully elucidated. After a brief introduction on the involvement of GMBA in the disease, we present evidence for GM alterations and leaky gut in PD patients. According to these data, we then review the potential of GM-based signatures to serve as disease biomarkers and we highlight the emerging role of probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, dietary interventions, and fecal microbiota transplantation as supportive therapeutic approaches in PD. Finally, we analyze the mutual influence between commonly prescribed PD medications and gut-microbiota, and we offer insights on the involvement also of nasal and oral microbiota in PD pathology, thus providing a comprehensive and up-to-date overview on the role of microbial features in disease diagnosis and treatment.
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10
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Sanchez-Mirasierra I, Ghimire S, Hernandez-Diaz S, Soukup SF. Targeting Macroautophagy as a Therapeutic Opportunity to Treat Parkinson's Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:921314. [PMID: 35874822 PMCID: PMC9298504 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.921314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy, an evolutionary conserved catabolic process in the eukaryotic cell, regulates cellular homeostasis and plays a decisive role in self-engulfing proteins, protein aggregates, dysfunctional or damaged organelles, and invading pathogens. Growing evidence from in vivo and in vitro models shows that autophagy dysfunction plays decisive role in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). PD is an incurable and second most common neurodegenerative disease characterised by neurological and motor dysfunction accompanied of non-motor symptoms that can also reduce the life quality of patients. Despite the investment in research, the aetiology of the disease is still unknown and the therapies available are aimed mostly at ameliorating motor symptoms. Hence, therapeutics regulating the autophagy pathway might play an important role controlling the disease progression, reducing neuronal loss and even ameliorating non-motor symptoms. In this review, we highlight potential therapeutic opportunities involved in different targeting options like an initiation of autophagy, Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) inhibition, mitophagy, lysosomes, lipid metabolism, immune system, gene expression, biomarkers, and also non-pharmacological interventions. Thus, strategies to identify therapeutics targeting the pathways modulating autophagy might hold a future for therapy development against PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saurav Ghimire
- Universite Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
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11
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Fang Z, Li X, Wang S, Jiang Q, Loor JJ, Jiang X, Ju L, Yu H, Shen T, Chen M, Song Y, Wang Z, Du X, Liu G. Overactivation of hepatic mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1 (mTORC1) is associated with low transcriptional activity of transcription factor EB and lysosomal dysfunction in dairy cows with clinical ketosis. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:4520-4533. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Profiling Microglia in a Mouse Model of Machado–Joseph Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020237. [PMID: 35203447 PMCID: PMC8869404 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia have been increasingly implicated in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), and specific disease associated microglia (DAM) profiles have been defined for several of these NDs. Yet, the microglial profile in Machado–Joseph disease (MJD) remains unexplored. Here, we characterized the profile of microglia in the CMVMJD135 mouse model of MJD. This characterization was performed using primary microglial cultures and microglial cells obtained from disease-relevant brain regions of neonatal and adult CMVMJD135 mice, respectively. Machine learning models were implemented to identify potential clusters of microglia based on their morphological features, and an RNA-sequencing analysis was performed to identify molecular perturbations and potential therapeutic targets. Our findings reveal morphological alterations that point to an increased activation state of microglia in CMVMJD135 mice and a disease-specific transcriptional profile of MJD microglia, encompassing a total of 101 differentially expressed genes, with enrichment in molecular pathways related to oxidative stress, immune response, cell proliferation, cell death, and lipid metabolism. Overall, these results allowed us to define the cellular and molecular profile of MJD-associated microglia and to identify genes and pathways that might represent potential therapeutic targets for this disorder.
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Shen S, Zhang C, Xu YM, Shi CH. The Role of Pathogens and Anti-Infective Agents in Parkinson's Disease, from Etiology to Therapeutic Implications. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 12:27-44. [PMID: 34719435 PMCID: PMC8842782 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder whose etiology is still unclear, hampering the development of effective treatments. There is an urgent need to identify the etiology and provide further effective treatments. Recently, accumulating evidence has indicated that infection may play a role in the etiology of Parkinson's disease. The infective pathogens may act as a trigger for Parkinson's disease, the most common of which are hepatitis C virus, influenza virus, and Helicobacter pylori. In addition, gut microbiota is increasingly recognized to influence brain function through the gut-brain axis, showing an important role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, a series of anti-infective agents exhibit surprising neuroprotective effects via various mechanisms, such as interfering with α-synuclein aggregation, inhibiting neuroinflammation, attenuating oxidative stress, and preventing from cell death, independent of their antimicrobial effects. The pleiotropic agents affect important events in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Moreover, most of them are less toxic, clinically safe and have good blood-brain penetrability, making them hopeful candidates for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. However, the use of antibiotics and subsequent gut dysbiosis may also play a role in Parkinson's disease, making the long-term effects of anti-infective drugs worthy of further consideration and exploration. This review summarizes the current evidence for the association between infective pathogens and Parkinson's disease and subsequently explores the application prospects of anti-infective drugs in Parkinson's disease treatment, providing novel insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Shen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yu-Ming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chang-He Shi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Dow CT. Warm, Sweetened Milk at the Twilight of Immunity - Alzheimer's Disease - Inflammaging, Insulin Resistance, M. paratuberculosis and Immunosenescence. Front Immunol 2021; 12:714179. [PMID: 34421917 PMCID: PMC8375433 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.714179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This article prosecutes a case against the zoonotic pathogen Mycobacterium avium ss. paratuberculosis (MAP) as a precipitant of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Like the other major neurodegenerative diseases AD is, at its core, a proteinopathy. Aggregated extracellular amyloid protein plaques and intracellular tau protein tangles are the recognized protein pathologies of AD. Autophagy is the cellular housekeeping process that manages protein quality control and recycling, cellular metabolism, and pathogen elimination. Impaired autophagy and cerebral insulin resistance are invariant features of AD. With a backdrop of age-related low-grade inflammation (inflammaging) and heightened immune risk (immunosenescence), infection with MAP subverts glucose metabolism and further exhausts an already exhausted autophagic capacity. Increasingly, a variety of agents have been found to favorably impact AD; they are agents that promote autophagy and reduce insulin resistance. The potpourri of these therapeutic agents: mTOR inhibitors, SIRT1 activators and vaccines are seemingly random until one recognizes that all these agents also suppress intracellular mycobacterial infection. The zoonotic mycobacterial MAP causes a common fatal enteritis in ruminant animals. Humans are exposed to MAP from contaminated food products and from the environment. The enteritis in animals is called paratuberculosis or Johne’s disease; in humans, it is the putative cause of Crohn’s disease. Beyond Crohn’s, MAP is associated with an increasing number of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases: sarcoidosis, Blau syndrome, autoimmune diabetes, autoimmune thyroiditis, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Moreover, MAP has been associated with Parkinson’s disease. India is one county that has extensively studied the human bio-load of MAP; 30% of more than 28,000 tested individuals were found to harbor, or to have harbored, MAP. This article asserts an unfolding realization that MAP infection of humans 1) is widespread in its presence, 2) is wide-ranging in its zoonosis and 3) provides a plausible link connecting MAP to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coad Thomas Dow
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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Nasal Rifampicin Improves Cognition in a Mouse Model of Dementia with Lewy Bodies by Reducing α-Synuclein Oligomers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168453. [PMID: 34445158 PMCID: PMC8395129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein oligomers are thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). There is no effective cure for DLB at present. Previously, we demonstrated that in APP- and tau-transgenic mice, oral or intranasal rifampicin reduced brain Aβ and tau oligomers and improved mouse cognition. In the present study, we expanded our research to DLB. Rifampicin was intranasally administered to 6-month-old A53T-mutant α-synuclein-transgenic mice at 0.1 mg/day for 1 month. The mice displayed memory impairment but no motor deficit at this age, indicating a suitable model of DLB. α-Synuclein pathologies were examined by the immunohistochemical/biochemical analyses of brain tissues. Cognitive function was evaluated by the Morris water maze test. Intranasal rifampicin significantly reduced the levels of [pSer129] α-synuclein in the hippocampus and α-synuclein oligomers in the visual cortex and hippocampus. The level of the presynaptic marker synaptophysin in the hippocampus was recovered to the level in non-transgenic littermates. In the Morris water maze, a significant improvement in spatial reference memory was observed in rifampicin-treated mice. Taken together with our previous findings, these results suggest that intranasal rifampicin is a promising remedy for the prevention of neurodegenerative dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease, frontotemporal dementia, and DLB.
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Autophagy and Tau Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147475. [PMID: 34299093 PMCID: PMC8303176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibrillary tangles, which consist of highly phosphorylated tau protein, and senile plaques (SPs) are pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In swollen axons, many autophagic vacuoles are observed around SP in the AD brain. This suggests that autophagy function is disturbed in AD. We used a neuronal cellular model of tauopathy (M1C cells), which harbors wild type tau (4R0N), to assess the effects of the lysosomotrophic agent NH4Cl, and autophagy inhibitors chloroquine and 3 methyladenine (3MA). It was found that chloroquine, NH4Cl and 3MA markedly increased tau accumulation. Thus, autophagy lysosomal system disturbances disturbed the degradation mechanisms of tau protein. Other studies also revealed that tau protein, including aggregated tau, is degraded via the autophagy lysosome system. Phosphorylated and C terminal truncated tau were also reported to disturb autophagy function. As a therapeutic strategy, autophagy upregulation was suggested. Thus far, as autophagy modulators, rapamycin, mTOCR1 inhibitor and its analogues, lithium, metformin, clonidine, curcumin, nicotinamide, bexaroten, and torehalose have been proposed. As a therapeutic strategy, autophagic modulation may be the next target of AD therapeutics.
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Günaydin C, Çelik ZB, Bilge SS, Avci B, Kara N. SAHA attenuates rotenone-induced toxicity in primary microglia and HT-22 cells. Toxicol Ind Health 2020; 37:23-33. [PMID: 33300458 DOI: 10.1177/0748233720979278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Rotenone is an industrial and environmental toxicant that has been strongly associated with neurodegeneration. It is clear that rotenone induces inflammatory and oxidative stress; however, information on the role of histone acetylation in neurotoxicity is limited. Epigenetic alterations, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress play a role in the progression of neurodegeneration and can be caused by exposure to environmental chemicals, such as rotenone. Histone modifications, such as methylation and acetylation, play an important role in mediating epigenetic changes. Therefore, we here investigated the effects of histone acetylation on rotenone-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in both primary mouse microglia and hippocampal HT-22 cells using the pan-histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA). Our results showed that SAHA suppressed the inflammatory response by decreasing nuclear factor kappa B and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression. Additionally, SAHA inhibited the rotenone-induced elevation of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α levels in both cell lines. Furthermore, SAHA improved the rotenone-induced antioxidant status by mitigating the decrease in cellular glutathione levels. Additionally, SAHA prevented the rotenone-induced increase in the HDAC activity in microglial and hippocampal HT-22 cells. Together, our results showed that SAHA reduced rotenone-induced inflammatory and oxidative stress, suggesting a role for histone deacetylation in environmental-related neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caner Günaydin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, 37139Ondokuz Mayıs University, Turkey, Samsun
| | - Z Betül Çelik
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, 37139Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - S Sırrı Bilge
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, 37139Ondokuz Mayıs University, Turkey, Samsun
| | - Bahattin Avci
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, 37139Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Nurten Kara
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, 37139Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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Sun P, Yue H, Xing Q, Deng W, Ou Y, Pan G, Zhong X, Hu W. Compound AD16 Reduces Amyloid Plaque Deposition and Modifies Microglia in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:1100-1110. [PMID: 33344892 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Microglial dysfunction is involved in the pathological cascade of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The regulation of microglial function may be a novel strategy for AD therapy. We previously reported the discovery of AD16, an antineuroinflammatory molecule that could improve learning and memory in the AD model. Here, we studied its properties of microglial modification in the AD mice model. In this study, AD16 reduced interleukin-1β (IL-1β) expression in the lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-1β-Luc transgenic mice model. Compared with mice receiving placebo, the group treated with AD16 manifested a significant reduction of microglial activation, plaque deposition, and peri-plaques microgliosis, but without alteration of the number of microglia surrounding the plaque. We also found that AD16 decreased senescent microglial cells marked with SA-β-gal staining. Furthermore, altered lysosomal positioning, enhanced Lysosomal Associated Membrane Protein 1 (LAMP1) expression, and elevated adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration were found with AD16 treatment in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. The underlying mechanisms of AD16 might include regulating the microglial activation/senescence and recovery of its physiological function via the improvement of lysosomal function. Our findings provide new insights into the AD therapeutic approach through the regulation of microglial function and a promising lead compound for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China.,Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China
| | - Hu Yue
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China
| | - Qi Xing
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China
| | - Wenmin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China
| | - Yitao Ou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China
| | - Guangjin Pan
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China
| | - Xiaofen Zhong
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China
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Jayapalan JJ, Subramanian P, Kani A, Hiji J, Najjar SG, Abdul-Rahman PS, Hashim OH. Hesperidin modulates the rhythmic proteomic profiling in Drosophila melanogaster under oxidative stress. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 105:e21738. [PMID: 32924199 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock regulates vital aspects of physiology including protein synthesis and oxidative stress response. In this investigation, we performed a proteome-wide scrutiny of rhythmic protein accrual in Drosophila melanogaster on exposure to rotenone, rotenone + hesperidin and hesperidin in D. melanogaster. Total protein from fly samples collected at 6 h intervals over the 24 h period was subjected to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Bioinformatics tool, Protein ANalysis THrough Evolutionary Relationships classification system was used to the determine the biological processes of the proteins of altered abundance. Conspicuous variations in the proteome (151 proteins) of the flies exposed to oxidative stress (by rotenone treatment) and after alleviating oxidative stress (by hesperidin treatment) were observed during the 24 h cycle. Significantly altered levels of abundance of a wide variety of proteins under oxidative stress (rotenone treatment) and under alleviation of oxidative stress (rotenone + hesperidin treatment) and hesperidin (alone) treatment were observed. These proteins are involved in metabolism, muscle activity, heat shock response, redox homeostasis, protein synthesis/folding/degradation, development, ion-channel/cellular transport, and gustatory and olfactory function of the flies. Our data indicates that numerous cellular processes are involved in the temporal regulation of proteins and widespread modulations happen under rotenone treatment and, action of hesperidin could also be seen on these categories of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime J Jayapalan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research (UMCPR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Perumal Subramanian
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Akshaya Kani
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jumriah Hiji
- University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research (UMCPR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sara G Najjar
- University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research (UMCPR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Puteri S Abdul-Rahman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research (UMCPR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Onn H Hashim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research (UMCPR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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20
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Li J, Li M, Wang C, Zhang S, Gao Q, Wang L, Ma L. NaSH increases SIRT1 activity and autophagy flux through sulfhydration to protect SH-SY5Y cells induced by MPP~. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:2216-2225. [PMID: 32787548 PMCID: PMC7513839 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1804179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most prevailing aging diseases around the world. The present study was to investigate the potential effect of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) in MPP~+ induced SH-SY5Y cells and its underlying mechanisms in PD. SH-SY5Y cells were induced by MPP~+ and treated with the H2S donor NaHS to detect the effect of H2S on the molecular behaviors of MPP~+ induced SH-SY5Y cells. NaHS reduced the apoptosis rate and expressions of MDA, 4-HNE and p62, while increased cell viability, autophagy flux and expressions of LC3 II/I and Beclin1 in MPP~+ induced SH-SY5Y cells. Then, levels of autophagy-related proteins and inflammation-related proteins (TNF-α, IL-Iβ) were detected, indicating that Chloroquine and Sirtinol reversed the protective effect of H2S on SH-SY5Y cells induced by MPP~+. We further explored the particular function of H2S, SH-SY5Y cells treated with MPP~+, NaHS chloroquine, and SIRT1 inhibitor (Sirtinol). The results showed that H2S increased SIRT1 expression and sulfhydration. Finally, a PD mouse model verified the above results. In a word, H2S ameliorated SIRT1 activity through acceleration of SIRT1 sulfhydration to increase the autophagy flux and attenuate damage of SH-SY5Y cells induced by MPP~+. H2S and SIRT1 activator might be a target in the treatment of PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Cui Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Shuhu Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Lan Ma
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
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