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Sobańska Z, Sitarek K, Gromadzińska J, Świercz R, Szparaga M, Domeradzka-Gajda K, Kowalczyk K, Zapór L, Wąsowicz W, Grobelny J, Ranoszek-Soliwoda K, Tomaszewska E, Celichowski G, Roszak J, Stępnik M. Biological effects of molybdenum(IV) sulfide nanoparticles and microparticles in the rat after repeated intratracheal administration. J Appl Toxicol 2024; 44:595-608. [PMID: 37968889 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, molybdenum(IV) sulfide (MoS2 ) nanoparticles (97 ± 32 nm) and microparticles (1.92 ± 0.64 μm) stabilized with poly (vinylpolypyrrolidone) (PVP) were administered intratracheally to male and female rats (dose of 1.5 or 5 mg/kg bw), every 14 days for 90 days (seven administrations in total). Blood parameters were assessed during and at the end of the study (hematology, biochemistry including glucose, albumins, uric acid, urea, high density lipoprotein HDL, total cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate transaminase, and alanine transaminase ALT). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) analyses included cell viability, biochemistry (total protein concentration, lactate dehydrogenase, and glutathione peroxidase activity), and cytokine levels (tumor necrosis factor α, TNF-α, macrophage inflammatory protein 2-alpha, MIP-2, and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-2, CINC-2). Tissues were subjected to routine histopathological and electron microscopy (STEM) examinations. No overt signs of chronic toxicity were observed. Differential cell counts in BALF revealed no significant differences between the animal groups. An increase in MIP-2 and a decrease in TNF-α were observed in BALF in the exposed males. The histopathological changes in the lung evaluated according to a developed classification system (based on severity of inflammation, range 0-4, with 4 indicating the most severe changes) showed average histopathological score of 1.33 for animals exposed to nanoparticles and microparticles at the lower dose, 1.72 after exposure to nanoparticles at the higher dose, and 2.83 for animals exposed to microparticles at the higher dose. In summary, it was shown that nanosized and microsized MoS2 can trigger dose-dependent inflammatory reactions in the lungs of rats after multiple intratracheal instillation irrespective of the animal sex. Some evidence indicates a higher lung pro-inflammatory potential of the microform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Sobańska
- Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland
| | - K Sitarek
- Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland
| | | | - R Świercz
- Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland
| | - M Szparaga
- Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland
| | | | - K Kowalczyk
- Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland
| | - L Zapór
- Central Institute for Labour Protection-National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - W Wąsowicz
- Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland
| | - J Grobelny
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - K Ranoszek-Soliwoda
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - E Tomaszewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - G Celichowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - J Roszak
- Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland
| | - M Stępnik
- Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland
- QSAR Lab Ltd., Gdańsk, Poland
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Li J, Chen C, Xia T. Understanding Nanomaterial-Liver Interactions to Facilitate the Development of Safer Nanoapplications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2106456. [PMID: 35029313 PMCID: PMC9040585 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials (NMs) are widely used in commercial and medical products, such as cosmetics, vaccines, and drug carriers. Exposure to NMs via various routes such as dermal, inhalation, and ingestion has been shown to gain access to the systemic circulation, resulting in the accumulation of NMs in the liver. The unique organ structures and blood flow features facilitate the liver sequestration of NMs, which may cause adverse effects in the liver. Currently, most in vivo studies are focused on NMs accumulation at the organ level and evaluation of the gross changes in liver structure and functions, however, cell-type-specific uptake and responses, as well as the molecular mechanisms at cellular levels leading to effects at organ levels are lagging. Herein, the authors systematically review diverse interactions of NMs with the liver, specifically on major liver cell types including Kupffer cells (KCs), liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and hepatocytes as well as the detailed molecular mechanisms involved. In addition, the knowledge gained on nano-liver interactions that can facilitate the development of safer nanoproducts and nanomedicine is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiulong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Tian Xia
- Center of Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), California NanoSystems Institute, Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Liu L, Wang J, Zhang J, Huang C, Yang Z, Cao Y. The cytotoxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles to 3D brain organoids results from excessive intracellular zinc ions and defective autophagy. Cell Biol Toxicol 2021; 39:259-275. [PMID: 34766255 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09678-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although the neurotoxicity of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) has been evaluated in animal and nerve cell culture models, these models cannot accurately mimic human brains. Three-dimensional (3D) brain organoids based on human-induced pluripotent stem cells have been developed to study the human brains, but this model has rarely been used to evaluate NP neurotoxicity. We used 3D brain organoids that express cortical layer proteins to investigate the mechanisms of ZnO NP-induced neurotoxicity. Cytotoxicity caused by high levels of ZnO NPs (64 μg/mL) correlated with high intracellular Zn ion levels but not superoxide levels. Exposure to a non-cytotoxic concentration of ZnO NPs (16 μg/mL) increased the autophagy-marker proteins LC3B-II/I but decreased p62 accumulation, whereas a cytotoxic concentration of ZnO NPs (64 μg/mL) decreased LC3B-II/I proteins but did not affect p62 accumulation. Fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography revealed that 64 μg/mL ZnO NPs led to decreases in LC3B proteins that were more obvious at the outer layers of the organoids, which were directly exposed to the ZnO NPs. In addition to reducing LC3B proteins in the outer layers, ZnO NPs increased the number of micronuclei in the outer layers but not the inner layers (where LC3B proteins were still expressed). Adding the autophagy flux inhibitor bafilomycin A1 to ZnO NPs increased cytotoxicity and intracellular Zn ion levels, but adding the autophagy inducer rapamycin only slightly decreased cellular Zn ion levels. We conclude that high concentrations of ZnO NPs are cytotoxic to 3D brain organoids via defective autophagy and intracellular accumulation of Zn ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Liu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, People's Republic of China
| | - Junkang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaobo Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Zhaogang Yang
- Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Yi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China. .,Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
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Li J, Guiney LM, Downing JR, Wang X, Chang CH, Jiang J, Liu Q, Liu X, Mei KC, Liao YP, Ma T, Meng H, Hersam MC, Nel AE, Xia T. Dissolution of 2D Molybdenum Disulfide Generates Differential Toxicity among Liver Cell Types Compared to Non-Toxic 2D Boron Nitride Effects. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2101084. [PMID: 34032006 PMCID: PMC8225588 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202101084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
2D boron nitride (BN) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2 ) materials are increasingly being used for applications due to novel chemical, electronic, and optical properties. Although generally considered biocompatible, recent data have shown that BN and MoS2 could potentially be hazardous under some biological conditions, for example, during, biodistribution of drug carriers or imaging agents to the liver. However, the effects of these 2D materials on liver cells such as Kupffer cells (KCs), liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, and hepatocytes, are unknown. Here, the toxicity of BN and MoS2 , dispersed in Pluronic F87 (designated BN-PF and MoS2 -PF) is compared with aggregated forms of these materials (BN-Agg and MoS2 -Agg) in liver cells. MoS2 induces dose-dependent cytotoxicity in KCs, but not other cell types, while the BN derivatives are non-toxic. The effect of MoS2 could be ascribed to nanosheet dissolution and the release of hexavalent Mo, capable of inducing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation and caspases 3/7-mediated apoptosis in KUP5 cells. In addition, the phagocytosis of MoS2 -Agg triggers an independent response pathway involving lysosomal damage, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, caspase-1 activation, IL-1β, and IL-18 production. These findings demonstrate the importance of Mo release and the state of dispersion of MoS2 in impacting KC viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiulong Li
- Center of Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Linda M Guiney
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering Chemistry and Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Julia R Downing
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering Chemistry and Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Xiang Wang
- Center of Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Division of Nanomedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Chong Hyun Chang
- Center of Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jinhong Jiang
- Center of Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Center of Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Xiangsheng Liu
- Center of Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kuo-Ching Mei
- Center of Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yu-Pei Liao
- Division of Nanomedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Tiancong Ma
- Center of Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Huan Meng
- Center of Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Division of Nanomedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering Chemistry and Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - André E Nel
- Center of Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Division of Nanomedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Tian Xia
- Center of Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Division of Nanomedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Advances in 3D peptide hydrogel models in cancer research. NPJ Sci Food 2021; 5:14. [PMID: 34075054 PMCID: PMC8169659 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-021-00096-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro cell culture models on monolayer surfaces (2D) have been widely adapted for identification of chemopreventive food compounds and food safety evaluation. However, the low correlation between 2D models and in vivo animal models has always been a concern; this gap is mainly caused by the lack of a three-dimensional (3D) extracellular microenvironment. In 2D models, cell behaviors and functionalities are altered, resulting in varied responses to external conditions (i.e., antioxidants) and hence leading to low predictability. Peptide hydrogel 3D scaffolding technologies, such as PGmatrix for cell culture, have been recently reported to grow organoid-like spheroids physiologically mimicking the 3D microenvironment that can be used as an in vitro 3D model for investigating cell activities, which is anticipated to improve the prediction rate. Thus, this review focuses on advances in 3D peptide hydrogels aiming to introduce 3D cell culture tools as in vitro 3D models for cancer-related research regarding food safety and nutraceuticals.
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Ultrastructural Features of Gold Nanoparticles Interaction with HepG2 and HEK293 Cells in Monolayer and Spheroids. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10102040. [PMID: 33081137 PMCID: PMC7650816 DOI: 10.3390/nano10102040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Use of multicellular spheroids in studies of nanoparticles (NPs) has increased in the last decade, however details of NPs interaction with spheroids are poorly known. We synthesized AuNPs (12.0 ± 0.1 nm in diameter, transmission electron microscopy (TEM data) and covered them with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI). Values of hydrodynamic diameter were 17.4 ± 0.4; 35.9 ± 0.5 and ±125.9 ± 2.8 nm for AuNPs, AuBSA-NPs and AuPEI-NPs, and Z-potential (net charge) values were −33.6 ± 2.0; −35.7 ± 1.8 and 39.9 ± 1.3 mV, respectively. Spheroids of human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) and human embryo kidney (HEK293) cells (Corning ® spheroid microplates CLS4515-5EA), and monolayers of these cell lines were incubated with all NPs for 15 min–4 h, and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde solution. Samples were examined using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. HepG2 and HEK2893 spheroids showed tissue-specific features and contacted with culture medium by basal plasma membrane of the cells. HepG2 cells both in monolayer and spheroids did not uptake of the AuNPs, while AuBSA-NPs and AuPEI-NPs readily penetrated these cells. All studied NPs penetrated HEK293 cells in both monolayer and spheroids. Thus, two different cell cultures maintained a type of the interaction with NPs in monolayer and spheroid forms, which not depended on NPs Z-potential and size.
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