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Zhang M, Lin S, Han L, Zhang J, Liu S, Yang X, Wang R, Yang X, Yi Y. Safety and efficacy evaluation of halicin as an effective drug for inhibiting intestinal infections. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1389293. [PMID: 38783954 PMCID: PMC11111955 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1389293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Halicin, the first antibacterial agent discovered by artificial intelligence, exerts broad-spectrum antibacterial effects and has a unique structure. Our study found that halicin had a good inhibitory effect on clinical isolates of drug-resistant strains and Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens). The safety of halicin was evaluated by acute oral toxicity, genotoxicity and subchronic toxicity studies. The results of acute toxicity test indicated that halicin, as a low-toxicity compound, had an LD50 of 2018.3 mg/kg. The results of sperm malformation, bone marrow chromosome aberration and cell micronucleus tests showed that halicin had no obvious genotoxicity. However, the results of the 90-day subchronic toxicity test indicated that the test rats exhibited weight loss and slight renal inflammation at a high dose of 201.8 mg/kg. Teratogenicity of zebrafish embryos showed that halicin had no significant teratogenicity. Analysis of intestinal microbiota showed that halicin had a significant effect on the intestinal microbial composition, but caused a faster recovery. Furthermore, drug metabolism experiments showed that halicin was poorly absorbed and quickly eliminated in vivo. Our study found that halicin had a good therapeutic effect on intestinal infection model of C. perfringens. These results show the feasibility of developing oral halicin as a clinical candidate drug for treating intestinal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Animal and Poultry Green Health Products Creation Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shuqian Lin
- Shandong Provincial Animal and Poultry Green Health Products Creation Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lianquan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiaming Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Animal and Poultry Green Health Products Creation Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shaoning Liu
- Animal Products Quality and Safety Center of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiuzhen Yang
- Animal Products Quality and Safety Center of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ruiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yunpeng Yi
- Shandong Provincial Animal and Poultry Green Health Products Creation Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Wang Y, Zhao S, Wang S, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Ye C, Zhao Z, Li J, Shen H, Wu D. Electrochemistry detection of estrogenic effect: Regulation of de novo purine synthesis and catabolism by gibberellin and fulvestrant. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 156:108634. [PMID: 38160510 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The estrogenic effect of plant growth regulators has been received little attention, which leads to the lack of relevant toxicity data. In this study, the estrogenic effect induced by gibberellin with ERα-dependent manner was found by E-screen and western blot methods, and the electrochemical signals of MCF-7 cells regulated by gibberellin and fulvestrant were investigated. The results showed that the electrochemical signals of MCF-7 cells were increased by gibberellin, while reduced by fulvestrant significantly, and displayed an extremely sensitive response to the effects of estrogenic effect induced by ERα agonist and antagonist. Western blot results showed that the expressions of phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase and hypoxanthine nucleotide dehydrogenase in de novo purine synthesis and adenine deaminase in catabolism were more effective regulated by gibberellin and fulvestrant, resulting in significant changes of the levels of guanine, hypoxanthine and xanthine in cells, and then electrochemical signals. The results provide a theoretical basis for the establishment of new electrochemical detection method of the estrogenic effect of plant regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, PR China
| | - Shuo Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, PR China
| | - Shuhong Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, PR China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, PR China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, PR China
| | - Cai Ye
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, PR China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, PR China
| | - Zhiyu Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, PR China
| | - Jinlian Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, PR China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, PR China.
| | - Hongkuan Shen
- Jiamusi Inspection and Testing Center, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, PR China.
| | - Dongmei Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, PR China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, PR China.
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Ahmed RYS, Tanoue R, Chen X, Kawai YK, Kubota A. Assessment of developmental toxicity and the potential mode of action underlying single and binary exposure to estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 277:109821. [PMID: 38128895 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The current study investigated the effect of single and binary exposure to distinct xenoestrogens, including diethylstilbestrol (DES) and zearalenone (ZEN), on zebrafish embryos subjected to continuous exposure for 4 days starting from 4 h post fertilization. Noteworthy impact on cumulative mortality, hatchability, spinal and tail curvature, pericardial edema, and reduction in blood circulation were observed in DES-treated embryos, with lower incidence and intensity shown for ZEN at the same nominal concentration (3 μM). An interactive effect was seen for the combined exposure to DES and ZEN, in which deformities and circulatory failure mediated by DES were mitigated by co-treatment with low concentrations of ZEN. Similarly, ZEN-induced spinal and tail curvature, pericardial edema, and blood flow reduction declined dramatically following DES co-exposure at low concentrations. A significant counteracting effect has been observed against DES- and ZEN-induced developmental anomalies following co-treatment with an estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist, fulvestrant (FUL). The assessment of the aromatase gene (CYP19A1b) showed that DES strongly upregulated mRNA expression of CYP19A1b with a lower EC50 (1.1 × 10-3 nM) than a natural estrogen, 17β-estradiol (2.5 nM). Similarly, ZEN induced CYP19A1b mRNA expression with an EC50 of 57 nM. Exposure to 10 or 20 μM FUL inhibited the expression of CYP19A1b induced by a single treatment of DES or ZEN. Overall, the competitive action against ER could be the main mechanism underlying the developmental toxicity induced by DES and ZEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab Youssef Salama Ahmed
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; Department of Poultry Diseases, Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan 097-81528, Egypt
| | - Rumi Tanoue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Yusuke K Kawai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Akira Kubota
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
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Fang J, Wang D, Kramer NI, Rietjens IMCM, Boogaard PJ, Kamelia L. The role of receptor-mediated activities of 4- and 5-ring unsubstituted and methylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in developmental toxicity. J Appl Toxicol 2022; 43:845-861. [PMID: 36585251 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), estrogen receptor-α (ER-α), and retinoic acid receptor (RAR) mediated activities of nine 4- and 5-ring unsubstituted and monomethylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using a series of Chemical-Activated LUciferase gene eXpression (CALUX) assays. The potential role of these aforementioned receptors in relation to the developmental toxicity of these PAHs was further assessed in the zebrafish embryotoxicity test (ZET). The results show that all nine tested PAHs were AhR agonists, benz[a]anthracene (BaA) and 8-methyl-benz[a]anthracene (8-MeBaA) were ER-α agonists, and none of the tested PAHs induced ER-α antagonistic or RAR (ant)agonistic activities. In the AhR CALUX assay, all the methylated PAHs showed higher potency (lower EC50) in activating the AhR than their respective unsubstituted PAHs, implying that the addition of a methyl substituent on the aromatic ring of PAHs could enhance their AhR-mediated activities. Co-exposure of zebrafish embryos with each individual PAH and an AhR antagonist (CH223191) counteracted the observed developmental retardations and embryo lethality to a certain extent, except for 8-methyl-benzo[a]pyrene (8-MeBaP). Co-exposure of zebrafish embryos with either of the two estrogenic PAHs (i.e., BaA and 8-MeBaA) and an ER-α antagonist (fulvestrant) neutralized embryo lethality induced by 50 μM BaA and the developmental retardations induced by 15 μM 8-MeBaA. Altogether, our findings suggest that the observed developmental retardations in zebrafish embryos by the PAH tested may partially be AhR- and/or ER-α-mediated, whereas the RAR seems not to be relevant for the PAH-induced developmental toxicity in the ZET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fang
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6708 WE, The Netherlands
| | - Danlei Wang
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6708 WE, The Netherlands
| | - Nynke I Kramer
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6708 WE, The Netherlands
| | - Ivonne M C M Rietjens
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6708 WE, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J Boogaard
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6708 WE, The Netherlands
| | - Lenny Kamelia
- Shell Global Solutions International B.V., The Hague, The Netherlands
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Li YF, Rodrigues J, Campinho MA. Ioxynil and diethylstilbestrol increase the risks of cardiovascular and thyroid dysfunction in zebrafish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156386. [PMID: 35662599 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disruption results from exposure to chemicals that alter the function of the endocrine system in animals. Chronic 60 days of exposure to a low dose (0.1 μM) of ioxynil (IOX) or diethylstilbestrol (DES) via food was used to determine the effects of these chemicals on the physiology of the heart and thyroid follicles in juvenile zebrafish. Immunofluorescence analysis and subsequent 3D morphometric analysis of the zebrafish heart revealed that chronic exposure to IOX induced ventricle deformation and significant volume increase (p < 0.001). DES exposure caused a change in ventricle morphology, but volume was unaffected. Alongside, it was found that DES exposure upregulated endothelial related genes (angptl1b, mhc1lia, mybpc2a, ptgir, notch1b and vwf) involved in vascular homeostasis. Both IOX and DES exposure caused a change in thyroid follicle morphology. Notably, in IOX exposed juveniles, thyroid follicle hypertrophy was observed; and in DES-exposed fish, an enlarged thyroid field was present. In summary, chronic exposure of juvenile zebrafish to IOX and DES affected the heart and the thyroid. Given that both chemicals are able to change the morphology of the thyroid it indicates that they behave as endocrine disruptive chemicals (EDCs). Heart function dynamically changes thyroid morphology, and function and hence it is likely that the observed cardiac effects of IOX and DES are the source of altered thyroid status in these fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Feng Li
- International Research Centre for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Joana Rodrigues
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Marco A Campinho
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of the Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Algarve Biomedical Center-Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
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Fang J, Dong S, Boogaard PJ, Rietjens IMCM, Kamelia L. Developmental toxicity testing of unsubstituted and methylated 4- and 5-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using the zebrafish embryotoxicity test. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 80:105312. [PMID: 35033653 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluates the in vitro developmental toxicity of 4- and 5-ring PAHs including benz[a]anthracene and benzo[a]pyrene and six of their monomethylated congeners, and dibenz[a,h]anthracene using the zebrafish embryotoxicity test (ZET). In general, the tested PAHs induced various developmental effects in the zebrafish embryos including unhatched embryos, no movement and circulation, yolk sac and pericardial edemas, deformed body shape, and cumulative mortality at 96 h post fertilization (hpf). The alkyl substituent on different positions of the aromatic ring of the PAHs appeared to change their in vitro developmental toxicity. Comparison to a previously reported molecular docking study showed that the methyl substituents may affect the interaction of the PAHs with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) which is known to play a role in the developmental toxicity of some PAHs. Taken together, our results show that methylation can either increase or decrease the developmental toxicity of PAHs and suggest this may relate to effects on the molecular dimensions and resulting consequences for interactions with the AhR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fang
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708, WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Shutong Dong
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708, WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J Boogaard
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708, WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ivonne M C M Rietjens
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708, WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lenny Kamelia
- Shell Health, Shell International B.V., 2596, HR, The Hague, the Netherlands
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