Undercorrection after photorefractive keratectomy in Wilson's disease

In Vivo Imaging of Plant Oxygen Levels

Oxygen is essential for multicellular aerobic life due to its central role in energy metabolism. The availability of oxygen can drop below the level to sustain oxidative phosphorylation when plants are flooded, posing a severe threat to survival. However, under non-stressful conditions, the internal oxygen concentration of most plant tissue is not in equilibrium with the environment, which is attributed to cellular respiration and diffusion constrains imposed by O2 barriers and bulky tissue. This is exemplified by the observations of steep oxygen gradients in roots, fruits, tubers, anthers and meristems. To adapt to a varying availability of oxygen, plants sense O2 via the conditional proteolysis of transcriptional regulators. This mechanism acts to switch oxidative metabolism to anaerobic fermentation, but it was also shown to play a role in plant development and pathogen defense. To investigate how dynamic and spatial distribution of O2 impacts on these processes, accurate mapping of its concentration in plants is essential. Physical oxygen sensors have been employed for decades to profile internal oxygen concentrations in plants, while genetically encoded oxygen biosensors have only recently started to see use. Driven by the critical role of hypoxia in human pathology and development, several novel oxygen-sensing devices have also been characterized in cell lines and animal model organisms. This review aims to provide an overview of available oxygen biosensors and to discuss their potential application to image oxygen levels in plants.

Successful Photorefractive Keratectomy in a Case of Wilson’s Disease

Purpose

To report a female with a history of Wilson's disease who underwent a successful photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for myopic correction. Case Presentation. A twenty-year-old female with a history of Wilson's disease and D-penicillamine use was referred to our clinic for myopic refractive surgery. Her best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/20 for both eyes with a refraction of ‐1.25‐0.5∗75° and ‐1.25‐0.25∗55° for the right and left eyes. The slit examination showed a prominent Kayser-Fleischer ring (K-F ring) in both eyes. She underwent a successful myopic PRK surgery, and her BCVA became 20/20 with no significant refraction.

Conclusions

In this report, we report a successful PRK surgery for myopic correction in a case of Wilson's disease with prominent K-F rings in both eyes.