1
|
Starosta RT, Jensen N, Couteranis S, Slaugh R, Easterlin D, Tate V, Sams EI, Valle K, Akinwe T, Hou YCC, Turner TN, Cole FS, Milbrandt J, Dickson P. Using a new analytic approach for genotyping and phenotyping chromosome 9p deletion syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet 2024; 32:1095-1105. [PMID: 38972963 PMCID: PMC11369271 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-024-01667-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Using a new analytic method ("unique non-overlapping region" (UNOR) analysis), we characterized the genotypes and phenotypes of a large cohort of individuals diagnosed with chromosome 9p deletion syndrome (9PMS) and defined critical genomic regions. We extracted phenotypic information from 48 individuals with 9PMS from medical records and used a guided interview with caregivers to clarify ambiguities. Using high-resolution whole-genome sequencing for breakpoint definition, we aligned deletions and drew virtual breakpoints to obtain UNORs associated with phenotypic characteristics. We next extracted genotype and phenotype data for 57 individuals identified from a systematic review of the 9PMS literature and analyzed these as above. Common phenotypic features included developmental delay/intellectual disability, dysmorphic features, hypotonia, genital defects in XY individuals, psychiatric diagnoses, chronic constipation, atopic disease, vision problems, autism spectrum disorder, gastroesophageal reflux disease, trigonocephaly, congenital heart disease, and neonatal hypoglycemia. Our approach confirmed previous literature reports of an association of FREM1 with trigonocephaly and suggested a possible modifier element for this phenotype. In conclusion, the UNOR approach delineated phenotypic characteristics for 9PMS and confirmed the critical role of FREM1 and a possible long-distance regulatory element in pathogenesis of trigonocephaly that will need to be replicated in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Tzovenos Starosta
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Nathaniel Jensen
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Sophia Couteranis
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Rachel Slaugh
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Dawn Easterlin
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Victoria Tate
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Eleanor I Sams
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kostandin Valle
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Titilope Akinwe
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ying-Chen Claire Hou
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Tychele N Turner
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - F Sessions Cole
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jeffrey Milbrandt
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Patricia Dickson
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zuffardi O, Fichera M, Bonaglia MC. The embryo battle against adverse genomes: Are de novo terminal deletions the rescue of unfavorable zygotic imbalances? Eur J Med Genet 2022; 65:104532. [PMID: 35724817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
De novo distal deletions are structural variants considered to be already present in the zygote. However, investigations especially in the prenatal setting have documented that they are often in mosaic with cell lines in which the same deleted chromosome shows different types of aberrations such as: 1) neutral copy variants with loss of heterozygosity that replace the deleted region with equivalent portions of the homologous chromosome and create distal uniparental disomy (UPD); 2) derivative chromosomes where the deleted one ends with the distal region of another chromosome or has the shape of a ring; 3) U-type mirror dicentric or inv-dup del rearrangements. Unstable dicentrics had already been entailed as causative of terminal deletions even when no trace of the reciprocal inv-dup del had been detected. To clarify the mechanism of origin of distal deletions, we examined PubMed using as keywords: complex/mosaic chromosomal deletions, distal UPD, U-type dicentrics, inv-dup del chromosomes, excluding the recurrent inv-dup del(8p)s which are known to originate by NAHR at the maternal meiosis. The literature has shown that U-type dicentrics leading to nearly complete trisomy and therefore incompatible with zygotic survival underlie many types of de novo unbalanced rearrangements, including terminal deletions. In the early embryo, the position of the postzygotic breaks of the dicentric, the different ways of acquiring telomeres by the broken portions and the selection of the most favorable cell lines in the different tissues determine the prevalence of one or the other rearrangement. Multiple lines with simple terminal deletions, inv-dup dels, unbalanced translocations and segmental UPDs can coexist in various mosaic combinations although it is rare to identify them all in the blood. Regarding the origin of the dicentric, among the 30 cases of non-recurrent inv-dup del with sufficient genotyping information, paternal origin was markedly prevalent with consistently identical polymorphisms within the duplication region, regardless of parental origin. The non-random parental origin made any postzygotic origin unlikely and suggested the occurrence of these dicentrics mainly in spermatogenesis. This study strengthens the evidence that non-recurrent de novo structural rearrangements are often secondary to the rescue of a zygotic genome incompatible with embryo survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orsetta Zuffardi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Marco Fichera
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Medical Genetics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy.
| | - Maria Clara Bonaglia
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen CP, Ko TM, Wang LK, Chern SR, Wu PS, Chen SW, Wu FT, Chen LF, Wang W. Inv dup del(10p): Prenatal diagnosis and molecular cytogenetic characterization. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 58:698-703. [PMID: 31542096 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2019.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We present molecular cytogenetic characterization of prenatally detected inverted duplication and deletion of 10p [inv dup del(10p)]. CASE REPORT A 39-year-old, primigravid woman underwent amniocentesis at 17 weeks of gestation because of advanced maternal age. Amniocentesis revealed a derivative chromosome 10 with additional material at the end of the short arm of one chromosome 10. Simultaneous array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) analysis revealed the result of arr 10p15.3 (136,361-451,013) × 1, 10p15.3p12.1 (536,704-25,396,900) × 3 [GRCh37 (hg19)] with a 0.31-Mb deletion of 10p15.3 encompassing ZMYND11 and DIP2C, and a 24.86-Mb duplication of 10p15.3p12.1. The pregnancy was subsequently terminated, and a female fetus was delivered with facial dysmorphism. Postnatal aCGH analysis showed that the umbilical cord had the same result as that of amniotic fluid, whereas the placenta had only the deletion of 10p15.3. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of the cord blood confirmed inverted duplication and deletion of 10p. The cord blood had a karyotype of 46,XX,der(10) del(10) (p15.3)dup(10) (p15.3p12.1)dn. Polymorphic DNA marker analysis confirmed a maternal origin of the chromosome 10 aberration. CONCLUSION Prenatal diagnosis of inv dup del(10p) with haploinsufficiency of ZMYND11 should include a genetic counseling of mental retardation and chromosome 10p15.3 microdeletion syndrome. aCGH, FISH and polymorphic DNA marker analysis are useful for perinatal investigation of inv dup del(10p).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical and Community Health Nursing, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tsang-Ming Ko
- Genephile Bioscience Laboratory, Ko's Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Kai Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Schu-Rern Chern
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Shin-Wen Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Tzu Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Feng Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wayseen Wang
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Bioengineering, Tatung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Clinical findings and molecular cytogenetic study of de novo pure chromosome 9p deletion: Pre- and postnatal diagnosis. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2017; 55:867-870. [PMID: 28040136 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this report is to describe the phenotype-genotype correlation of chromosome 9p deletion syndrome cases, particularly the prenatal cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 30-year-old woman was referred to a hospital at 19+1 weeks of gestation because of omphalocele detected in the fetus. The conventional karyotyping analysis and array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) were utilized for the prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling in the fetus. The prenatal abnormality and cytogenetic findings in the fetus were compared with other patients with 9p deletion. RESULTS Karyotype analysis of the fetus cell showed a karyotype of 46,XX,del(9)(p22). aCGH analysis detected a deletion as arr[hg19] 9p24.2p22.2(226,7812-1,7466,907)×1. Individuals with 9p deletions tend to have features with widely variable expressivity. The common clinical manifestations of the 9p deletion include development delay, learning difficulties, hypotonia and trigonocephaly. CONCLUSION Phenotypes of 9p deletion cases are broadly in line. The prenatal diagnosis of the omphalocele provides evidence for a correlation with distal 9q deletion.
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen CP, Lin CJ, Chern SR, Wu PS, Chen YN, Chen SW, Lee CC, Chen LF, Yang CW, Wang W. Prenatal diagnosis and molecular cytogenetic characterization of a de novo unbalanced reciprocal translocation of der(9)t(9;14)(p24.2;q32.11) associated with 9p terminal deletion and 14q distal duplication. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 55:596-601. [PMID: 27590390 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We present molecular cytogenetic characterization of a prenatally detected derivative chromosome 9 [der(9)] of unknown origin. CASE REPORT A 35-year-old woman underwent amniocentesis at 18 weeks of gestation because of advanced maternal age, which revealed a der(9) chromosome of unknown origin. The parental karyotypes were normal. Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) analysis revealed a 2.593 Mb deletion of 9p24.3-p24.2 encompassing DOCK8, KANK1, DMRT1, and VLDLR and a 16.65 Mb duplication of 14q32.11-q32.33 encompassing DLK1, RTL1, MEG3, RTL1as, and MEG8. Quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) analysis using D9S937 (9p24.2) and D14S605 (14q32.2) showed a paternal origin of 9p24.2 deletion and a paternal origin of 14q32.2 duplication consistent with a paternal origin of the de novo aberrant chromosome of der(9)t(9p;14q). The fetal karyotype was 46,XX,der(9)t(9;14) (p24.2;q32.11). Metaphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis using RP11-57K23 (14q32.33), RP11-31F19 (9p24.3), RP11-30O14 (9p21.1), and RP11-1105I14 (14q11.2) confirmed an unbalanced reciprocal translocation of der(9)t(9p;14q). We discuss 9p deletion syndrome and 14q duplication syndrome in this case. CONCLUSION Molecular cytogenetic techniques such as aCGH, FISH, and QF-PCR are useful in the determination of the origin and nature of a prenatally detected de novo derivative chromosome of unknown origin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical and Community Health Nursing, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chen-Ju Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Schu-Rern Chern
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yen-Ni Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Wen Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chi Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Feng Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wen Yang
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wayseen Wang
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Bioengineering, Tatung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lara-Navarro IJ, Córdova-Fletes C, García-Ruiz A, Rivera H. A further inv dup/del 9p de novo rearrangement. Reappraisal of 25 instances. GENE REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
7
|
Post-zygotic breakage of a dicentric chromosome results in mosaicism for a telocentric 9p marker chromosome in a boy with developmental delay. Gene 2014; 533:403-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.09.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
8
|
Tóth B, Pistár Z, Csorba G, Balogh I, Kovács T, Erdős M, Maródi L. Novel dedicator of cytokinesis 8 mutations identified by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Eur J Haematol 2013; 91:369-75. [PMID: 23859592 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Dedicator of cytokinesis 8 (DOCK8) deficiency is an innate error of adaptive immunity characterized by recurrent infections with viruses, bacteria and fungi, very high serum IgE concentrations, and a progressive deterioration of T- and B-cell-mediated immunity. We studied the genetic and immunological features of two sisters (aged 11 and 6 yr). Mutational analysis of genomic DNA and cDNA from the patients and their parents, by a combination of PCR and bidirectional targeted sequencing, failed to localize the mutation site. However, a multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) assay revealed two novel large deletions, del1-14 exons and del8-18 exons, of DOCK8 in both patients. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that DOCK8 protein was absent from the peripheral blood lymphocytes of both patients. These data suggest that compound heterozygous del1-14 exons and del8-18 exons mutations result in a loss of function of DOCK8 protein and a typical DOCK8 deficiency phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beáta Tóth
- Department of Infectious and Pediatric Immunology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Independent post-zygotic breaks of a dicentric chromosome result in mosaicism for an inverted duplication deletion 9p and terminal deletion 9p. Eur J Med Genet 2013; 56:229-35. [PMID: 23416622 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Mosaicism with two cell lines having different rearrangements of the same chromosome is rare. Only a few cases of mosaicism have been described in association with chromosomal inverted duplication deletion (inv dup del) rearrangements. A well-established mechanism of formation of inv dup del rearrangements involves a dicentric intermediate, which undergoes breakage during cell division, generating cells with either an inv dup del or a simple deletion. A patient with developmental delay and dysmorphic features was found to carry two cell lines with rearrangements of 9p: an inv dup del 9p and a terminal deletion 9p. Microarray and FISH analysis showed that these cell lines do not constitute the reciprocal products of a single dicentric breakage event. We propose that independent post-zygotic breaks of a dicentric chromosome as a likely mechanism leading to the generation of the observed cell lines. The post-zygotic origin of the inv dup del rearrangements and the associated mosaicism can be a more frequent phenomenon than currently appreciated. Therefore, genotype-phenotype correlations in the inv dup del rearrangements need to take into account the possible presence of other abnormal cell lines during early development.
Collapse
|
10
|
Kowalczyk M, Tomaszewska A, Podbioł-Palenta A, Constantinou M, Wawrzkiewicz-Witkowska A, Kowalski J, Kałużewski B, Zajączek S, Srebniak MI. Another rare case of a child with de novo terminal 9p deletion and co-existing interstitial 9p duplication: clinical findings and molecular cytogenetic study by array-CGH. Cytogenet Genome Res 2012; 139:9-16. [PMID: 22965227 DOI: 10.1159/000342165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Trisomy 9p is the fourth most common chromosome abnormality found in liveborns. We report on a rare case of partial trisomy 9p complicated by partial monosomy 9p. Clinical manifestation included craniofacial abnormalities typical for trisomy 9p syndrome, developmental delay, mental retardation and brain anomaly in the form of Dandy-Walker malformation. The cytogenetic abnormality was investigated with FISH and array-CGH to characterize the breakpoints of the complex rearrangement. The patient's karyotype was 46,XX,der(9)del(9)(p24)dup(9)(p21p24)dn.arr 9p24.3p24.2 (1-2,414,485)×1,9p24.2p21.3(2,414,485-24,101,280)×3. The cytogenetic rearrangement led to a 2.4-Mb deletion of 9p24.2pter and a 21.6-Mb duplication of 9p24.2p21.3. The clinical and cytogenetic findings in our and other similar patients are compared.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Kowalczyk
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Silesia, Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Di Bartolo DL, El Naggar M, Owen R, Sahoo T, Gilbert F, Pulijaal VR, Mathew S. Characterization of a complex rearrangement involving duplication and deletion of 9p in an infant with craniofacial dysmorphism and cardiac anomalies. Mol Cytogenet 2012; 5:31. [PMID: 22768875 PMCID: PMC3419606 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8166-5-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Partial duplication and partial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 9 have each been reported in the literature as clinically recognizable syndromes. We present clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular findings on a five-week-old female infant with concomitant duplication and terminal deletion of the short arm of chromosome 9. To our knowledge ten such cases have previously been reported. Conventional cytogenetic analysis identified additional material on chromosome 9 at band p23. FISH analysis aided in determining the additional material consisted of an inverted duplication with a terminal deletion of the short arm. Microarray analysis confirmed this interpretation and further characterized the abnormality as a duplication of about 32.7 Mb, from 9p23 to 9p11.2, and a terminal deletion of about 11.5 Mb, from 9p24.3 to 9p23. The infant displayed characteristic features of Duplication 9p Syndrome (hypotonia, bulbous nose, single transverse palmar crease, cranial anomalies), as well as features associated with Deletion 9p Syndrome (flat nasal bridge, long philtrum, cardiac anomalies) despite the deletion being distal to the reported critical region for this syndrome. This case suggests that there are genes or regulatory elements that lie outside of the reported critical region responsible for certain phenotypic features associated with Deletion 9p Syndrome. It also underscores the importance of utilizing array technology to precisely define abnormalities involving the short arm of 9p in order to further refine genotype/phenotype associations and to identify additional cases of duplication/deletion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Di Bartolo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen CP, Chen M, Su YN, Huang JP, Ma GC, Chang SP, Chern SR, Chen YT, Su JW, Lee CC, Town DD, Wang W. Inv dup del(10q): Identification by fluorescence in situ hybridization and array comparative genomic hybridization in a fetus with two concurrent chromosomal rearrangements. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2012; 51:245-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2012.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
|