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Dou X, Li F, Ren Z, Zhang D, Li J, Li D, Sun Y, Jin H, Li R, Li W, Zhang X, Yang Y, Jia L, Han Y, Li W, Pan Y, Tan W, Yang P, Wang Q. Clinical, epidemiological, and virological features of Mpox in Beijing, China - May 31-June 21, 2023. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2254407. [PMID: 37649257 PMCID: PMC10494722 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2254407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The first locally acquired case in the Chinese mainland was reported on May 31, 2023, lagging behind other countries. In this study, we aimed to examine the early clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the earliest cases of Mpox in Beijing, China. Additionally, we investigated the sequence and transmission patterns of the Mpox virus (MPXV). We analyzed 37 reported cases of Mpox in Beijing from May 31, 2023 to June 21, 2023. The age range of the subjects was 24-51 years. Thirty-six cases (97.3%) were identified in men who have sex with men (MSM), and 19 cases (51.4%) tested positive for the human immunodeficiency virus. Thirty-three cases were symptomatic, while four were asymptomatic. Skin lesions were observed in 32 cases (97.0%), fever in 26 (78.8%), and swollen lymph nodes in 17 (51.5%). Rash typically appeared in the genital or perianal area 1-3 days before fever onset, with a minimum incubation period of 2 days. For individuals with skin rashes, the skin lesion samples showed 100% positivity and low Ct values. There were high oropharyngeal swab (75.8%) and blood (84.6%) positivity rates. All MPXV strains belonged to the B.1.3 branch of the West African lineage. These strains carried 76-86 nucleotide substitutions compared with the reference human MPXV genome, and genetic diversity was observed. Our findings provide the first insights into the landscape of early transmission of Mpox in Beijing and help inform policy formulation in the Chinese mainland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Dou
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fu Li
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenyong Ren
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daitao Zhang
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Li
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yulan Sun
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haoyuan Jin
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Renqing Li
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weihong Li
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Jia
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Dermatology, Civil Aviation General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wai Li
- Beijing Fangshan District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Pan
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Tan
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Yang
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quanyi Wang
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Jia H, Sha T, Zhao S, Su W, Liu P, Zhen R, Li P, Zhou L, Xu Y, Wen Y, Chi L, Di B, Li P, Chen H, Qin P. Genomic and epidemiological perspectives on the first local sporadic cases of Mpox in China. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2245932. [PMID: 37542431 PMCID: PMC10443958 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2245932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
From June 7th to 11th, 2023, eight cases of Mpox were identified in Guangzhou, China. This is the first report of multiple local sporadic cases after the imported case in Chongqing, China. Epidemiological investigation revealed that these cases had no history of international travel and no connections with each other. Haplotype network and phylogenetic analyses indicated that the possible origin is likely from Japan, although the direct origin may remain uncertain due to limited genomic sequences and sampling bias in GISAID. The three Guangzhou sequences have accumulated several novel mutations, suggesting the local transmission of Mpox may have been ongoing for some time. Based on the daily cases during the early stage of Mpox outbreak in four other countries, the number of possible infected cases in Guangzhou is inferred to be more than 300, suggesting that swift and efficient control measures must be implemented to mitigate the risk of a potential epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Jia
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Sha
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinse Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shilei Zhao
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenzhe Su
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peiwen Liu
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruonan Zhen
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peihan Li
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Zhou
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Xu
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunjing Wen
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lianjiang Chi
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinse Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Biao Di
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Li
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Chen
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinse Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengzhe Qin
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Parikh T, Goti A, Yashi K, Dankhara N, Kadam S, Dihora R, Paiwal K, Parmar N. Monkeypox in humans: Transmission, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and all recent updates. World J Clin Infect Dis 2023; 13:31-36. [DOI: 10.5495/wjcid.v13.i4.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is monitoring an epidemic of monkeypox infection in the United States. The outbreak is now global and more than 6900 cases have already been reported. There are 83 confirmed cases among children and adolescents, as shown in the report published on November 3, 2022, in the USA. However, monkeypox in pediatric patients is still infrequent (< 0.3% of total cases). Among cases in the United States, 16 cases were in children < 5 years, 12 in the age group 5-12 years, and 55 cases in adolescents 13-17 years old. In the adolescent age group, 89% were male. For children < 12 years of age, close physical contact with an adult household with monkeypox was the primary exposure, but for adolescents, male-to-male sexual contact was found more frequently. The CDC advised United States healthcare providers to remain vigilant for patients with a rash resembling monkeypox, even if there is no history of travel to a country with high risk. This article summarizes the history and epidemiology of monkeypox with a specific emphasis on clinical features and management in pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taral Parikh
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamilton Health Center, Harrisburg, PA 17104, United States
| | - Ashish Goti
- Department of Pediatric, Tulane Medical Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States
| | - Kanica Yashi
- Adult Medicine, Bassett Medical Center, Cooperstown, NY 13326, United States
| | - Nilesh Dankhara
- Department of Pediatric and Neonatology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, United States
| | - Sandhya Kadam
- Department of Pediatric, Family Healthcare Network, Visalia, CA 93277, United States
| | - Ramesh Dihora
- Department of Pediatric, Nice Children Hospital, Surat 395003, India
| | - Kapil Paiwal
- Oral Maxillofacial Surgeon, Daswani Dental College and Research Center, Kota 324005, India
| | - Narendrasinh Parmar
- Department of Pediatrics, Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11212, United States
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Cheng K, Guo Q, Gu S, Wu H, Li C. Deadly Marburg virus outbreak received sustained attention: What can we learn from the existing studies? Int J Surg 2023; 109:2539-2541. [PMID: 37204465 PMCID: PMC10442097 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kunming Cheng
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University
| | - Shuqin Gu
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Haiyang Wu
- Department of Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Fourth Clinical College of Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery (CMSC), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt University of Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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Huang Y, Mu L, Wang W. Monkeypox: epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment and prevention. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:373. [PMID: 36319633 PMCID: PMC9626568 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01215-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease that was once endemic in west and central Africa caused by monkeypox virus. However, cases recently have been confirmed in many nonendemic countries outside of Africa. WHO declared the ongoing monkeypox outbreak to be a public health emergency of international concern on July 23, 2022, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The rapidly increasing number of confirmed cases could pose a threat to the international community. Here, we review the epidemiology of monkeypox, monkeypox virus reservoirs, novel transmission patterns, mutations and mechanisms of viral infection, clinical characteristics, laboratory diagnosis and treatment measures. In addition, strategies for the prevention, such as vaccination of smallpox vaccine, is also included. Current epidemiological data indicate that high frequency of human-to-human transmission could lead to further outbreaks, especially among men who have sex with men. The development of antiviral drugs and vaccines against monkeypox virus is urgently needed, despite some therapeutic effects of currently used drugs in the clinic. We provide useful information to improve the understanding of monkeypox virus and give guidance for the government and relative agency to prevent and control the further spread of monkeypox virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Huang
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Mu
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Farahat RA, Sah R, El-Sakka AA, Benmelouka AY, Kundu M, Labieb F, Shaheen RS, Abdelaal A, Abdelazeem B, Bonilla-Aldana DK, Franco-Paredes C, Henao-Martinez AF, Garout MA, León-Figueroa DA, Pachar M, Suárez JA, Ramirez JD, Paniz-Mondolfi A, Rabaan AA, Al-Tawfiq JA, Nishiura H, Ortiz-Martínez Y, Garcia-Robledo JE, Cimerman S, Barbosa AN, Pagliano P, Zambrano-Sanchez G, Cardona-Ospina JA, Bížová B, Rodriguez-Morales AJ. Human monkeypox disease (MPX). LE INFEZIONI IN MEDICINA 2022; 30:372-391. [PMID: 36148174 PMCID: PMC9448318 DOI: 10.53854/liim-3003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Monkeypox is a rare viral infection, endemic in many central and western African countries. The last international outbreak of monkeypox reported outside Africa occurred back in 2003. However, monkeypox has reemerged at a global scale with numerous confirmed cases across the globe in 2022. The rapid spread of cases through different countries has raised serious concerns among public health officials worldwide prompting accelerated investigations aimed to identify the origins and cause of the rapid expansion of cases. The current situation is reminiscent of the very early stages of the still ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Overlapping features between these, two seemingly alike viral entities include the possibility for airborne transmission and the currently unexplained and rapid spread across borders. Early recognition of cases and timely intervention of potential transmission chains are necessary to contain further outbreaks. Measures should include rapid and accurate diagnosis of cases meeting case definitions, active surveillance efforts, and appropriate containment of confirmed cases. Governments and health policymakers must apply lessons learned from previous outbreaks and start taking active steps toward limiting the recent global spread of monkeypox. Herein, we discuss the status of the current monkeypox outbreaks worldwide, the epidemiological and public health situation at a global scale and what can be done to keep at bay its further expansion and future global implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ranjit Sah
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Amro A. El-Sakka
- Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41511, Egypt
| | | | - Mrinmoy Kundu
- Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan, Bhubaneswar 751003, India
| | - Fatma Labieb
- Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef Univesity, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | | | - Abdelaziz Abdelaal
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Boston University, MA 02215, USA
- Tanta University Hospitals, 31516 Egypt
| | - Basel Abdelazeem
- Department of Internal Medicine, McLaren Health Care, Flint, Michigan 48532, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823, USA
| | - D. Katterine Bonilla-Aldana
- Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
- Latin American Network on MOnkeypox VIrus research (LAMOVI), Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | | | | | - Mohammed A. Garout
- Community Medicine and Pilgrims Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Darwin A. León-Figueroa
- Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
- Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Chiclayo, Peru
- Emerge, Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Emergentes y Cambio Climático, Facultad de Salud Pública y Administración, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Monica Pachar
- Medicine Department-Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Santo Tomas, Panama City, Panama
| | - José Antonio Suárez
- Investigador SNI Senacyt Panamá, Clinical Research Deparment, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama City, Panama
| | - Juan David Ramirez
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alberto Paniz-Mondolfi
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ali A. Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, 31311, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur, 22610, Pakistan
| | - Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq
- Specialty Internal Medicine and Quality Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hiroshi Nishiura
- Kyoto University School of Public Health, Yoshidakonoecho, Sakyoku, Kyoto City 6068501, Japan
| | - Yeimer Ortiz-Martínez
- Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | | | - Sergio Cimerman
- Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas, São Paulo, SP, Brazil Brazilian Society for Infectious Diseases, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Naime Barbosa
- Infectious Diseases Department, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP Brazilian Society for Infectious Diseases, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Pasquale Pagliano
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Jaime A. Cardona-Ospina
- Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, 660003, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Beatrice Bížová
- Department of Dermatovenerology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Bulovka, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales
- Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
- Latin American Network on MOnkeypox VIrus research (LAMOVI), Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
- Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, 660003, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
- Master of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, 4861, Peru
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