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O’Brien SF, Reedman CN, Osiowy C, Bolotin S, Yi QL, Lourenço L, Lewin A, Binka M, Caffrey N, Drews SJ. Hepatitis B Blood Donor Screening Data: An Under-Recognized Resource for Canadian Public Health Surveillance. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020409. [PMID: 36851623 PMCID: PMC9966614 DOI: 10.3390/v15020409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B surveillance is essential to achieving Canada's goal of eliminating hepatitis B by 2030. Hepatitis B rates, association of infection with vaccine age-eligibility, and risk factors were analyzed among 1,401,603 first-time Canadian blood donors from 2005 to 2020. Donors were classified as having likely chronic or likely resolved/occult infections based on hepatitis B surface antigen, anti-hepatitis B core antigen, and hepatitis B nucleic acid test results. Likely chronically infected and control donors (ratio 1:4) participated in risk-factor interviews. The 2019 rate of likely chronic infection was 61.9 per 100,000 (95% CI 46.5-80.86) and 1449.5 per 100,000 for likely resolved/occult infections (95% CI 1370.7-1531.7). Likely chronic infections were higher in males (OR 3.2; 95% CI 2.7-3.7) and the vaccine-ineligible birth cohort (OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.6-2.2). The main risk factors were living with someone who had hepatitis (OR 12.5; 95% CI 5.2-30.0) and ethnic origin from a high-prevalence country (OR 8.4; 95% CI 5.9-11.9). Undiagnosed chronic hepatitis B may be more prevalent in Canada than currently determined by traditional passive hepatitis B reporting. Blood donor data can be useful in informing hepatitis B rates and evaluating vaccination programs in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila F. O’Brien
- Epidemiology and Surveillance, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, ON K1G 4J5, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-613-739-2144
| | - Cassandra N. Reedman
- Epidemiology and Surveillance, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, ON K1G 4J5, Canada
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Carla Osiowy
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P6, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Shelly Bolotin
- Center for Vaccine Preventable Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S, Canada
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ON M5G 1V2, Canada
| | - Qi-Long Yi
- Epidemiology and Surveillance, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, ON K1G 4J5, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | | | - Antoine Lewin
- Héma-Québec, Montreal, QC H4R 2W7, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Mawuena Binka
- BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4R4, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Niamh Caffrey
- Epidemiology and Surveillance, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, ON K1G 4J5, Canada
| | - Steven J. Drews
- Medical Microbiology Department, Canadian Blood Services, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Division of Diagnostic and Applied Microbiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
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2
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Cappy P, Barlet V, Lucas Q, Tinard X, Pillonel J, Gross S, Tiberghien P, Laperche S. Transfusion of HIV-infected blood products despite highly sensitive nucleic acid testing. Transfusion 2019; 59:2046-2053. [PMID: 30784073 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In France, the risk of HIV transmission by transfusion was reduced by implementing pooled nucleic acid testing (NAT) in 2001 and individual NAT in 2010. We report here the first case in France of transfusion of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected blood donated during HIV pre-ramp-up phase that tested individual NAT negative. METHODS Blood donations are screened for HIV antibodies and HIV RNA (ProcleixUltrio, Grifols; limit of detection at 95%, 23 copies/mL). When a repeat donor tests positive for HIV, a repository sample from the previous donation is tested with the Cobas Taqman HIV-1 test (CTM, Roche; limit of detection at 95%, 17 copies/mL). RESULTS In August 2017, a 57-year-old male repeat donor was screened positive for HIV antibodies and RNA (plasma viral load, 11,599 copies/mL). The previous donation had tested negative with Ultrio in March 2017 but was positive with an unquantifiable plasma viral load when tested with CTM. Sequencing showed no mismatch between Ultrio primers/probes and the target sequence. HIV transmission was excluded by lookback studies in the recipient of platelets, which had been pathogen reduced, but not in the recipient of RBCs due to premature death. CONCLUSION This case demonstrates that the risk of contaminated donations due to the early HIV infection phase going undetected by highly sensitive NAT is real but exceptional. The absence of transmission to the platelets recipient could be due to the very low viral inoculum and/or to the efficacy of the viral inactivation. This case also highlights the additional value of a systematic donation archiving and the importance of donor education and predonation selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Cappy
- Département des Agents Transmissibles par le Sang, Centre National de Référence Risques Infectieux Transfusionnels, Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine (INTS), Paris, France
| | - Valérie Barlet
- ETS Auvergne Rhône Alpes, Laboratoire de qualification biologique des dons Est, Etablissement Français du Sang, Metz-Tessy, France
| | - Quentin Lucas
- Département des Agents Transmissibles par le Sang, Centre National de Référence Risques Infectieux Transfusionnels, Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine (INTS), Paris, France
| | - Xavier Tinard
- ETS grand est, Pôle des vigilances, Etablissement Français du Sang, Nancy, France
| | - Josiane Pillonel
- Département des maladies infectieuses, Santé publique France, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Sylvie Gross
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Saint Denis, France
| | - Pierre Tiberghien
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Saint Denis, France.,Unité mixte de recherche 1098 INSERM, Université de Franche-Comté, Etablissement Français du Sang, Besançon, France
| | - Syria Laperche
- Département des Agents Transmissibles par le Sang, Centre National de Référence Risques Infectieux Transfusionnels, Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine (INTS), Paris, France
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Leach Bennett J, Devine DV. Risk-based decision making in transfusion medicine. Vox Sang 2018; 113:737-749. [DOI: 10.1111/vox.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dana V. Devine
- Canadian Blood Services; Ottawa ON Canada
- Centre for Blood Research; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
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Souza MKB. Organizational models for health actions in the field of blood and blood products in Brazilian and Spanish regional contexts. Vox Sang 2018; 113:449-458. [PMID: 29785800 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This article aims to characterize some elements that define the organizational models of healthcare actions in the field of blood and blood products. MATERIALS AND METHODS This exploratory and qualitative study was carried out based on a documentary survey complemented by interviews with key informants of hemotherapy services from three regional territories in Spain and Brazil. RESULTS It was evidenced demographic, territorial and organizational characteristics, as well as on instruments, resources and individuals involved in the planning, organization and implementation of services and actions in the area. DISCUSSION The demographic characteristics and the territorial distribution showed a direct relation with the variation in the blood supply system, in the service structure and in the involvement of different individuals. The predominance of hospital services was a common feature in the territories studied, especially for transfusion services. Regionalization, centralization and concentration strategies were aimed at implementing the organization models of such services and actions in the territories. The use of planning and information technologies presents variation in the territories studied. CONCLUSION The limits of organizational models are determined by the context and restriction of its constituent elements - structure, resources, financing, individuals involved - which compromise to some degree the objectives/purposes of the policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K B Souza
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Salvador, Brazil
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5
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Hudu SA, Harmal NS, Saeed MI, Alshrari AS, Malik YA, Niazlin MT, Hassan R, Sekawi Z. Molecular and serological detection of occult hepatitis B virus among healthy hepatitis B surface antigen-negative blood donors in Malaysia. Afr Health Sci 2016; 16:677-683. [PMID: 27917199 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v16i3.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occult hepatitis B infections are becoming a major global threat, but the available data on its prevalence in various parts of the world are often divergent. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to detect occult hepatitis B virus in hepatitis B surface antigen-negative serum using anti-HBc as a marker of previous infection. PATIENT AND METHODS A total of 1000 randomly selected hepatitis B surface antigen-negative sera from blood donors were tested for hepatitis B core antibody and hepatitis B surface antibody using an ELISA and nested polymerase chain reaction was done using primers specific to the surface gene (S-gene). RESULTS Of the 1000 samples 55 (5.5%) were found to be reactive, of which 87.3% (48/55) were positive for hepatitis B surface antibody, indicating immunity as a result of previous infection however, that does not exclude active infection with escaped mutant HBV. Nested PCR results showed the presence of hepatitis B viral DNA in all the 55 samples that were positive for core protein, which is in agreement with the hepatitis B surface antibody result. CONCLUSION This study reveals the 5.5% prevalence of occult hepatitis B among Malaysian blood donors as well as the reliability of using hepatitis B core antibody in screening for occult hepatitis B infection in low endemic, low socioeconomic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaibu A Hudu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia; Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, 840232 Sokoto State, Nigeria
| | - Nabil S Harmal
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia; Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Mohammed I Saeed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia
| | - Ahmad S Alshrari
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border Universiti, 91911 Rafha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasmin A Malik
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia
| | - Mohd T Niazlin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia
| | - Roshida Hassan
- National Blood Centre Malaysia, Jalan Tun Razak Kuala Lumpur, 504000 Malaysia
| | - Zamberi Sekawi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia
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Talha SM, Juntunen E, Salminen T, Sangha A, Vuorinen T, Khanna N, Pettersson K. All-in-one dry-reagent time-resolved immunofluorometric assay for the rapid detection of HIV-1 and -2 infections. J Virol Methods 2015; 226:52-9. [PMID: 26476285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An all-in-one (AIO) dry-reagent time-resolved fluorometric immunoassay that requires minimal liquid handling was developed for the detection of anti-HIV-1 and -2 antibodies. To prepare the AIO wells, in vivo biotinylated capture antigens (r-Bio-HIV-1env and r-Bio-HIV-2env) were immobilized on streptavidin-coated microtitration wells and Eu(III) chelate labelled non-biotinylated tracer antigens [r-HIV-1env-Eu(III) and r-HIV-2env-Eu(III)] were dried in stable form in the same wells. The HIV AIO assay was evaluated with serum/plasma samples (n=148) from in-house and commercial panels at two different incubation times of 15 min and 1h. The overall sensitivity of the AIO assay was 98.6% and specificity was 100% for both the incubation times. The AIO assay can accept whole blood matrix. This assay is envisioned to fill the gap between the rapid point-of-care assays and traditional enzyme immunoassays (EIA) in terms of complexity and turnaround time, without compromising the performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh M Talha
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Etvi Juntunen
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Teppo Salminen
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Amninder Sangha
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Tytti Vuorinen
- Department of Virology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Navin Khanna
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India; Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India; Department of Paediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kim Pettersson
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Marano G, Vaglio S, Pupella S, Facco G, Catalano L, Piccinini V, Liumbruno GM, Grazzini G. Human T-lymphotropic virus and transfusion safety: does one size fit all? Transfusion 2015; 56:249-60. [PMID: 26388300 DOI: 10.1111/trf.13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia viruses (HTLV-1 and HTLV-2) are associated with a variety of human diseases, including some severe ones. Transfusion transmission of HTLV through cellular blood components is undeniable. HTLV screening of blood donations became mandatory in different countries to improve the safety of blood supplies. In Japan and Europe, most HTLV-infected donors are HTLV-1 positive, whereas in the United States a higher prevalence of HTLV-2 is reported. Many industrialized countries have also introduced universal leukoreduction of blood components, and pathogen inactivation technologies might be another effective preventive strategy, especially if and when generalized to all blood cellular products. Considering all measures available to minimize HTLV blood transmission, the question is what would be the most suitable and cost-effective strategy to ensure a high level of blood safety regarding these viruses, considering that there is no solution that can be deemed optimal for all countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefania Vaglio
- Italian National Blood Centre, National Institute of Health.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppina Facco
- Italian National Blood Centre, National Institute of Health.,Immunohaemathology and Transfusion Medicine Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Città Della Salute e Della Scienza, Turin, Italy
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8
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Garraud O, Morel P, Coste J, Tiberghien P, Fournier-Wirth C. Transfusion sanguine : un modèle de questionnement en recherche et développement. Presse Med 2015; 44:233-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2014.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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9
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Seed CR. Risk reduction strategies for transfusion-transmissible arboviral infections. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/voxs.12093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. R. Seed
- Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Perth WA Australia
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10
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Abstract
Hemovigilance is an essential part of the transfusion process and is defined as surveillance procedures covering the whole transfusion chain, from collection of blood and its components, intended to collect and assess information on unexpected or undesirable effects resulting from the therapeutic use of labile blood products and to prevent their occurrence or recurrence. The UK surveillance scheme has collected data for 16 years and is a model demonstrating how information on adverse incidents can be used to improve patient safety, influencing the management of donors and improved education and training for the many people involved in the transfusion process.
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Anthony CN, Lau YL, Sum JS, Fong MY, Ariffin H, Zaw WL, Jeyajothi I, Mahmud R. Malaysian child infected with Plasmodium vivax via blood transfusion: a case report. Malar J 2013; 12:308. [PMID: 24007496 PMCID: PMC3846159 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-12-308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria may be a serious complication of blood transfusion due to the asymptomatic persistence of parasites in some donors. This case report highlights the transfusion-transmitted malaria of Plasmodium vivax in a child diagnosed with germ cell tumour. This child had received blood transfusion from three donors and a week later started developing malaria like symptoms. Nested PCR and sequencing confirmed that one of the three donors was infected with P. vivax and this was transmitted to the 12-year-old child. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported transfusion-transmitted malaria case in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia N Anthony
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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de Kort W, van den Burg P, Geerligs H, Pasker-de Jong P, Marijt-van der Kreek T. Cost-effectiveness of questionnaires in preventing transfusion-transmitted infections. Transfusion 2013; 54:879-88. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wim de Kort
- Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation; Nijmegen the Netherlands
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13
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Molecular virology in transfusion medicine laboratory. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2012; 11:203-16. [PMID: 23356973 DOI: 10.2450/2012.0219-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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14
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O'Brien SF, Scalia V, Goldman M, Fan W, Yi QL, Dines IR, Huang M, Ndao M, Fearon MA. Selective testing forTrypanosoma cruzi: the first year after implementation at Canadian Blood Services. Transfusion 2012; 53:1706-13. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2012.03950.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Prashanth GP, Maralihalli MB, Bagalkot PS, Joshi SN. Intravenous artesunate for transfusion-transmitted plasmodium vivax malaria in a preterm neonate. Pediatrics 2012; 130:e706-9. [PMID: 22891231 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2011-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Transfusion-transmitted malaria (TTM) in neonates is rare. TTM can occur in both endemic and nonendemic areas because the current tests used to screen the donor blood for malaria are unreliable when there is low parasitemia. Malaria must be considered as an important differential diagnosis for neonatal sepsis after exchange transfusion. Management strategy in TTM in the neonatal period is not standardized; exchange transfusion is often considered. We used intravenous artesunate in a case of severe malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax in a 30-week preterm neonate after packed red blood cell transfusion on day 19 of life. This is the first clinical report of parenteral artesunate successfully used in the neonatal period. We emphasize the need for further investigation of the safety and efficacy of intravenous artesunate in the treatment of severe neonatal malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gowda Parameshwar Prashanth
- Department of Pediatrics, KLE University's Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Nehru Nagar, Belgaum 590010, Karnataka, India.
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