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Haffener PE, Al-Riyami AZ, Al-Zadjali S, Al-Rawahi M, Al Hosni S, Al Marhoobi A, Al Sheriyani A, Leffler EM. Characterization of Blood Group Variants in an Omani Population by Comparison of Whole Genome Sequencing and Serology. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.17.599396. [PMID: 38948735 PMCID: PMC11212902 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.17.599396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Although blood group variation was first described over a century ago, our understanding of the genetic variation affecting antigenic expression on the red blood cell surface in many populations is lacking. This deficit limits the ability to accurately type patients, especially as serological testing is not available for all described blood groups, and targeted genotyping panels may lack rare or population-specific variants. Here, we perform serological assays across 24 antigens and whole genome sequencing on 100 Omanis, a population underrepresented in genomic databases. We inferred blood group phenotypes using the most commonly typed genetic variants. The comparison of serological to inferred phenotypes resulted in an average concordance of 96.9%. Among the 22 discordances, we identify seven known variants in four blood groups that, to our knowledge, have not been previously reported in Omanis. Incorporating these variants for phenotype inference, concordance increases to 98.8%. Additionally, we describe five candidate variants in the Lewis, Lutheran, MNS, and P1 blood groups that may affect antigenic expression, although further functional confirmation is required. Notably, we identify several blood group alleles most common in African populations, likely introduced to Oman by gene flow over the last thousand years. These findings highlight the need to evaluate individual populations and their population history when considering variants to include in genotype panels for blood group typing. This research will inform future work in blood banks and transfusion services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige E. Haffener
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Arwa Z. Al-Riyami
- Department of Hematology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, University Medical City, Muscat, Oman
| | - Shoaib Al-Zadjali
- Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Medical City, Muscat, Oman
| | - Mohammed Al-Rawahi
- Department of Hematology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Saif Al Hosni
- Department of Hematology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, University Medical City, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ali Al Marhoobi
- Department of Hematology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Ellen M. Leffler
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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2
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Xu H, Su X, Zuo Q, Zhang L, Chu X. The Research of a Large-Scale Analysis Platform for MNS Blood Group Identification Based on Long-Read Sequencing. Transfus Med Rev 2024:150836. [PMID: 38851986 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2024.150836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to devise a novel approach for determining MNS blood group utilizing long-read sequencing (LRS) and to identify intricate genome variations associated with this blood group system. In this study, a total of 60 blood samples were collected from randomly selected Chinese Han blood donors. The amplification of the full-length sequences of GYPA exon 2-7 (11 kb) and GYPB exon 2-6 (7 kb) was conducted on the blood samples obtained from these 60 donors. Subsequently, the sequencing of these amplified sequences was performed using the PacBio platform. The obtained sequencing data were then compared with the reference sequence of the human genome (GRCh38) utilizing the pbmm2 software, resulting in the acquisition of the haploid sequences of GYPA and GYPB. The serological typing prediction was conducted using the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) database, while the analysis of SNVs sites was performed using deepvariant v1.2.0 software and reference sequence alignment. A total of 60 samples yielded unambiguous high-quality haplotypes, which can serve as a standardized reference sequence for molecular biology typing of MNSs in the Chinese population. In a total of 60 serological samples, the LRS method successfully identified the M, N, S, and s blood group antigens by analyzing specific genetic variations (c.59, c.71, c.72 for GYPA, and c.143 for GYPB), which aligned with the results obtained through conventional serological techniques. 4 Mur samples that had been previously validated through serology and molecular biology were successfully confirmed, and complete haploid sequences were obtained. Notably, one of the Mur samples exhibited a novel breakpoint, GYP (B1-136-B ψ 137-212-A213-229-B230-366), thereby representing a newly identified subtype. Single molecule sequencing, which eliminates the necessity for PCR amplification, effectively encompasses GC and high repeat regions, enhancing accuracy in quantifying mutations with low abundance or frequency. By employing LRS analysis of the core region of GYPA and GYPB, diverse genotypes of MNS can be precisely and reliably identified in a single assay. This approach presents a comprehensive, expeditious, and precise novel method for the categorization and investigation of MNS blood group system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Xu
- Shaanxi Blood Center, Xi'an, China.
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3
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Jacko G, Thorpe R, Daly J. Equity in blood transfusion precision services. Int J Equity Health 2024; 23:77. [PMID: 38637779 PMCID: PMC11027542 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-024-02170-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood collection agencies are integrating precision medicine techniques to improve and individualise blood donor and recipient outcomes. These organisations have a role to play in ensuring equitable application of precision medicine technologies for both donors and transfusion recipients. BODY: Precision medicine techniques, including molecular genetic testing and next generation sequencing, have been integrated in transfusion services to improve blood typing and matching with the aim to reduce a variety of known transfusion complications. Internationally, priorities in transfusion research have aimed to optimise services through the use of precision medicine technologies and consider alternative uses of genomic information to personalise transfusion experiences for both recipients and donors. This has included focusing on the use of genomics when matching blood products for transfusion recipients, to personalise a blood donor's donation type or frequency, and longitudinal donor research utilising blood donor biobanks. CONCLUSION Equity in precision services and research must be of highest importance for blood collection agencies to maintain public trust, especially when these organisations rely on volunteer donors to provide transfusion services. The investment in implementing equitable precision medicine services, including development of blood donor biobanks, has the potential to optimise and personalise services for both blood donors and transfusion recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Jacko
- Pathology and Clinical Governance, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Rachel Thorpe
- Strategy and Growth, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James Daly
- Pathology and Clinical Governance, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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4
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Genotyping and the Future of Transfusion in Sickle Cell Disease. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2022; 36:1271-1284. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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5
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Prediction of various blood group systems using Korean whole-genome sequencing data. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269481. [PMID: 35657818 PMCID: PMC9165885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims
This study established blood group analysis methods using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data and conducted blood group analyses to determine the domestic allele frequency using public data from the Korean whole sequence analysis of the Korean Reference Genome Project conducted by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA).
Materials and methods
We analyzed the differences between the human reference sequences (hg19) and the conventional reference cDNA sequences of blood group genes using the Clustal Omega website, and established blood group analysis methods using WGS data for 41 genes, including 39 blood group genes involved in 36 blood group antigens, as well as the GATA1 and KLF1 genes, which are erythrocyte-specific transcription factor genes. Using CLC genomics Workbench 11.0 (Qiagen, Aarhus, Denmark), variant analysis was performed on these 41 genes in 250 Korean WGS data sets, and each blood group’s genotype was predicted. The frequencies for major alleles were also investigated and compared with data from the Korean rare blood program (KRBP) and the Erythrogene database (East Asian and all races).
Results
Among the 41 blood group-related genes, hg19 showed variants in the following genes compared to the conventional reference cDNA: GYPA, RHD, RHCE, FUT3, ACKR1, SLC14A1, ART4, CR1, and GCNT2. Among 250 WGS data sets from the Korean Reference Genome Project, 70.6 variants were analyzed in 205 samples; 45 data samples were excluded due to having no variants. In particular, the FUT3, GNCT2, B3GALNT1, CR1, and ACHE genes contained numerous variants, with averages of 21.1, 13.9, 13.4, 9.6, and 7.0, respectively. Except for some blood groups, such as ABO and Lewis, for which it was difficult to predict the alleles using only WGS data, most alleles were successfully predicted in most blood groups. A comparison of allele frequencies showed no significant differences compared to the KRBP data, but there were differences compared to the Erythrogene data for the Lutheran, Kell, Duffy, Yt, Scianna, Landsteiner-Wiener, and Cromer blood group systems. Numerous minor blood group systems that were not available in the KRBP data were also included in this study.
Conclusions
We successfully established and performed blood group analysis using Korean public WGS data. It is expected that blood group analysis using WGS data will be performed more frequently in the future and will contribute to domestic data on blood group allele frequency and eventually the supply of safe blood products.
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Abstract
Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is one of the most frequently performed clinical procedures and therapies to improve tissue oxygen delivery in hospitalized patients worldwide. Generally, the cross-match is the mandatory test in place to meet the clinical needs of RBC transfusion by examining donor-recipient compatibility with antigens and antibodies of blood groups. Blood groups are usually an individual's combination of antigens on the surface of RBCs, typically of the ABO blood group system and the RH blood group system. Accurate and reliable blood group typing is critical before blood transfusion. Serological testing is the routine method for blood group typing based on hemagglutination reactions with RBC antigens against specific antibodies. Nevertheless, emerging technologies for blood group testing may be alternative and supplemental approaches when serological methods cannot determine blood groups. Moreover, some new technologies, such as the evolving applications of blood group genotyping, can precisely identify variant antigens for clinical significance. Therefore, this review mainly presents a clinical overview and perspective of emerging technologies in blood group testing based on the literature. Collectively, this may highlight the most promising strategies and promote blood group typing development to ensure blood transfusion safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yang Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Kai Guo
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7
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Khuje P, Karandikar M, Sable B. Comparative scores of ABO and Rh hemagglutination reactions. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF DR. D.Y. PATIL VIDYAPEETH 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/mjdrdypu.mjdrdypu_574_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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8
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Rophina M, Pandhare K, Jadhao S, Nagaraj SH, Scaria V. BGvar: A comprehensive resource for blood group immunogenetics. Transfus Med 2021; 32:229-236. [PMID: 34897852 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood groups form the basis of effective and safe blood transfusion. There are about 43 well-recognised human blood group systems presently known. Blood groups are molecularly determined by the presence of specific antigens on the red blood cells and are genetically determined and inherited following Mendelian principles. The lack of a comprehensive, relevant, manually compiled and genome-ready dataset of red cell antigens limited the widespread application of genomic technologies to characterise and interpret the blood group complement of an individual from genomic datasets. MATERIALS AND METHODS A range of public datasets was used to systematically annotate the variation compendium for its functionality and allele frequencies across global populations. Details on phenotype or relevant clinical importance were collated from reported literature evidence. RESULTS We have compiled the Blood Group Associated Genomic Variant Resource (BGvar), a manually curated online resource comprising all known human blood group related allelic variants including a total of 1700 International Society of Blood Transfusion approved alleles and 1706 alleles predicted and curated from literature reports. This repository includes 1682 single nucleotide variations (SNVs), 310 Insertions, Deletions (InDels) and Duplications (Copy Number Variations) and about 1360 combination mutations corresponding to 43 human blood group systems and 2 transcription factors. This compendium also encompasses gene fusion and rearrangement events occurring in human blood group genes. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, BGvar is a comprehensive and a user-friendly resource with most relevant collation of blood group alleles in humans. BGvar is accessible online at URL: http://clingen.igib.res.in/bgvar/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercy Rophina
- Genome Informatics and Big Data, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kavita Pandhare
- Genome Informatics and Big Data, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sudhir Jadhao
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Shivashankar H Nagaraj
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Vinod Scaria
- Genome Informatics and Big Data, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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9
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Flesch BK, Scherer V, Just B, Opitz A, Ochmann O, Janson A, Steitz M, Zeiler T. Molecular Blood Group Screening in Donors from Arabian Countries and Iran Using High-Throughput MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry and PCR-SSP. Transfus Med Hemother 2020; 47:396-408. [PMID: 33173458 DOI: 10.1159/000505495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Only little is known about blood groups other than ABO blood groups and Rhesus factors in Arabian countries and Iran. During the last years, increased migration to Central Europe has put a focus on the question how to guarantee blood supply for patients from these countries, particularly because hemoglobinopathies with the need of regular blood support are more frequent in patients from that region. Therefore, blood group allele frequencies should be determined in individuals from Arabian countries and Iran by molecular typing and compared to a German rare donor panel. Methods 1,111 samples including 800 individuals from Syria, 147 from Iran, 123 from the Arabian Peninsula, and 41 from Northern African countries were included in a MALDI-TOF MS assay to detect polymorphisms coding for Kk, Fy(a/b), Fy<sub>null</sub>, C<sub>w</sub>, Jk(a/b), Jo(a+/a-), Lu(a/b), Lu(8/14), Ss, Do(a/b), Co(a/b), In(a/b), Js(a/b), Kp(a/b), and variant alleles RHCE*c.697C>G and RHCE *c.733C>G. Yt(a/b), S-s-U-, Vel<sub>null</sub>, Co<sub>null</sub>, and RHCE *c.667G>T were tested by PCR-SSP. Results Of the Arabian donors, 2% were homozygous for the FY *02.01N allele (Fy<sub>null</sub>), and 15.7% carried the heterozygous mutation. However, 0.8% of the German donors also carried 1 copy of the allele. 3.6% of all and 29.3% of Northern African donors were heterozygous for the RHCE *c.733C>G substitution, 0.4% of the Syrian probands were heterozygous for DO *01/DO *01.-05, a genotype that was lacking in German donors. Whereas the KEL *02.06 allele coding for the Js(a) phenotype was missing in Germans; 0.8% of the Syrian donors carried 1 copy of this allele. 1.8% of the Syrian but only 0.3% of the German donors were negative for YT *01. One donor from Northern Africa homo-zygously carried the GYPB *270+5g>t mutation, inducing the S-s-U+<sup>w</sup> phenotype, and in 2 German donors a GYPB *c.161G>A exchange, which induces the Mit+ phenotype, caused a GYPB *03 allele dropout in the MALDI assay. The overall failure rate of the Arabian panel was 0.4%. Conclusions Some blood group alleles that are largely lacking in Europeans but had been described in African individuals are present in Arabian populations at a somewhat lower frequency. In single cases, it could be challenging to provide immunized Arabian patients with compatible blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Katharina Flesch
- German Red Cross Blood Service Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland, Bad Kreuznach, Germany.,German Red Cross Blood Service West, Hagen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Scherer
- German Red Cross Blood Service Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland, Bad Kreuznach, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Opitz
- German Red Cross Blood Service Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland, Bad Kreuznach, Germany
| | - Oswin Ochmann
- German Red Cross Blood Service Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland, Bad Kreuznach, Germany
| | - Anne Janson
- German Red Cross Blood Service Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland, Bad Kreuznach, Germany
| | - Monika Steitz
- German Red Cross Blood Service Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland, Bad Kreuznach, Germany
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10
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Fürst D, Tsamadou C, Neuchel C, Schrezenmeier H, Mytilineos J, Weinstock C. Next-Generation Sequencing Technologies in Blood Group Typing. Transfus Med Hemother 2019; 47:4-13. [PMID: 32110189 DOI: 10.1159/000504765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequencing of the human genome has led to the definition of the genes for most of the relevant blood group systems, and the polymorphisms responsible for most of the clinically relevant blood group antigens are characterized. Molecular blood group typing is used in situations where erythrocytes are not available or where serological testing was inconclusive or not possible due to the lack of antisera. Also, molecular testing may be more cost-effective in certain situations. Molecular typing approaches are mostly based on either PCR with specific primers, DNA hybridization, or DNA sequencing. Particularly the transition of sequencing techniques from Sanger-based sequencing to next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies has led to exciting new possibilities in blood group genotyping. We describe briefly the currently available NGS platforms and their specifications, depict the genetic background of blood group polymorphisms, and discuss applications for NGS approaches in immunohematology. As an example, we delineate a protocol for large-scale donor blood group screening established and in use at our institution. Furthermore, we discuss technical challenges and limitations as well as the prospect for future developments, including long-read sequencing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Fürst
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Baden Wuerttemberg/Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Chrysanthi Tsamadou
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Baden Wuerttemberg/Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christine Neuchel
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Baden Wuerttemberg/Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hubert Schrezenmeier
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Baden Wuerttemberg/Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Joannis Mytilineos
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Baden Wuerttemberg/Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christof Weinstock
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Baden Wuerttemberg/Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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11
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Jekarl DW, Yoo J, Lee S, Yu H, Kim M, Kim Y. Blood group antigen and phenotype prevalence in the Korean population compared to other ethnic populations and its association with RBC alloantibody frequency. Transfus Med 2019; 29:415-422. [PMID: 31646705 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to analyse the allele frequency of blood group antigens in the Korean population and other ethnic populations and the association of blood group antigens with red blood cell (RBC) alloantibodies. BACKGROUND Blood group antigen genotyping can support patients undergoing frequent transfusions who have alloantibodies and antibodies against high-prevalence blood group antigens. METHODS Twenty-nine single nucleotide variations and 37 blood group antigens were tested. Samples requested for routine blood typing were collected from Jan to Apr 2016. Genotyping was performed on 145 Korean samples and was confirmed by bidirectional sequencing and serologic tests. The allele frequency data were compared with previous genotyping datasets (three datasets from Korea and one each from China, Europe, Asia, and the USA). Alloantibody frequencies and blood group antigens from the electronic medical record of 1772 cases were examined. RESULTS E antigen was higher in the Korean population compared to that of Asian and European populations. K, Kpa , Fyb and Doa allele frequencies were lower compared to other ethnic populations. RBC alloantibodies with frequencies (%) greater than 1% from the 1772 cases were as follows: anti-E, 36·7%, anti-C, 17·7%; anti-c 7·39%; anti-M, 5·9%; anti-e, 5·2%; anti-Jka , 2·9%; and anti-Fya , 1·1%. Blood group antigens and alloantibody frequencies revealed inverse trends that did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION The allele frequency of blood group antigens assessed by high-throughput methods provided reliable and valuable information that could be used for maintaining donor pools and providing compatible blood for genotyped patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Jekarl
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory for Development and Evaluation Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Yoo
- Laboratory for Development and Evaluation Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory for Development and Evaluation Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H Yu
- Laboratory for Development and Evaluation Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M Kim
- Laboratory for Development and Evaluation Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y Kim
- Laboratory for Development and Evaluation Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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Karimi S, Mehrdel P, Farré-Lladós J, Casals-Terré J. A passive portable microfluidic blood-plasma separator for simultaneous determination of direct and indirect ABO/Rh blood typing. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:3249-3260. [PMID: 31478036 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00690g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The blood typing test is mandatory in any transfusion, organ transplant, and pregnancy situation. There is a lack of point-of-care (POC) blood typing that could perform both direct and indirect methods using a single droplet of whole blood. This study presents a new methodology combining a passive microfluidic blood-plasma separator (BPS) and a blood typing detector for the very first time, leading to a stand-alone microchip which is capable of determining the blood group from both direct and indirect methods simultaneously. The proposed design separates blood cells from plasma by applying hydrodynamic forces imposed on them, which overcomes the clogging issue and consequently maximizes the volume of the extracted plasma. An axial migration effect across the main channel is responsible for collecting the plasma in plasma collector channels. The BPS novel design approached 12% yield of plasma with 100% purity in approximately 10 minutes. The portable BPS was designed and fabricated to perform ABO/Rh blood tests based on the detection of agglutination in both antigens of RBCs (direct) and antibodies of plasma (indirect). The differences between agglutinated and non-agglutinated samples were distinguishable by the naked eye and also validated by particle analysis of microscopic pictures. The results of this passive BPS in ABO/Rh blood grouping verified the quality and quantity of the extracted plasma in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Karimi
- Mechanical Engineering Department - MicroTech Lab., Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Colom 7-11 08222, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Pouya Mehrdel
- Mechanical Engineering Department - MicroTech Lab., Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Colom 7-11 08222, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Josep Farré-Lladós
- Mechanical Engineering Department - MicroTech Lab., Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Colom 7-11 08222, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jasmina Casals-Terré
- Mechanical Engineering Department - MicroTech Lab., Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Colom 7-11 08222, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
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13
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Hyland CA, Roulis EV, Schoeman EM. Developments beyond blood group serology in the genomics era. Br J Haematol 2019; 184:897-911. [PMID: 30706459 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Blood group serology and single nucleotide polymorphism-based genotyping platforms are accurate but do not provide a comprehensive cover for all 36 blood group systems and do not cover the antigen diversity observed among population groups. This review examines the extent to which genomics is shaping blood group serology. Resources for genomics include the Human Reference Genome Sequence assembly; curated blood group tables listing variants; public databases providing information on genetic variants from world-wide studies; and massively parallel sequencing technologies. Blood group genomic studies span the spectrum, from bioinformatic data mining of huge data sets containing whole genome and whole exome information to laboratory investigations utilising targeted sequencing approaches. Blood group predictions based on genome sequencing and genomic studies are proving accurate, and have shown utility in both research and reference settings. Overall, studies confirm the potential for blood group genomics to reshape donor and patient transfusion management strategies to provide more compatible blood transfusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Hyland
- Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Eileen V Roulis
- Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elizna M Schoeman
- Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
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14
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Belsito A, Costa D, Signoriello S, Fiorito C, Tartaglione I, Casale M, Perrotta S, Magnussen K, Napoli C. Clinical outcome of transfusions with extended red blood cell matching in β-thalassemia patients: A single-center experience. Transfus Apher Sci 2018; 58:65-71. [PMID: 30591410 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of alloantibodies may complicate the management of patients with β-thalassemia. An extended antigenic matching may reduce the risk of alloimmunization. Our previous study showed that the introduction of molecular red blood cell (RBC) typing allows finding suitable blood units for multi-transfused patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefit of RBC transfusion with extended antigenic match. MATERIALS AND METHODS At the University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", we selected β-thalassemia major patients (age ≤23 years), without preformed alloantibodies. Data of patients receiving transfusion of leukoreduced RBC units for a period of one year with partial better match (PBM) including ABO, RhD, C/c, E/e, K/k antigens and consecutive one year with extended match (EM) including ABO, RhD, C/c, E/e, K/k, Fya/Fyb, Jka/Jkb, M/N, S/s antigens, were compared. RESULTS Eighteen patients, 8 males and 10 females with a mean age of 15.4 years (6.4 SD) received a mean number of 41.2 (6.0 SD) RBC units transfused with PBM and 41.8 (6.2 SD) with EM protocols. After two years of RBC transfusions with both antigen matching protocols, no new alloantibodies were developed in patients. No significant differences in Hb concentration and volume of RBC transfused were found between PBM and EM protocols. CONCLUSIONS Thalassemia patients may benefit from receiving RBC transfusions based on extended antigen matching as demonstrated by the lack of new alloantibodies. However, our data show a high concordance between PBM and EM protocols considering pre-transfusion Hb, increment of Hb and volume of RBC transfused.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Belsito
- U.O.C. Division of Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU), University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
| | - D Costa
- U.O.C. Division of Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU), University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - S Signoriello
- Department of Medicine and Public Health, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - C Fiorito
- U.O.C. Division of Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU), University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - I Tartaglione
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialistic Surgery, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - M Casale
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialistic Surgery, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - S Perrotta
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialistic Surgery, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - K Magnussen
- Department of Blood Centre and Laboratory Medicine, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - C Napoli
- U.O.C. Division of Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU), University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy; Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Geriatric Sciences, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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15
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Shin KH, Lee HJ, Kim HH, Hong YJ, Park KU, Kim MJ, Kwon JR, Choi YS, Kim JN. Frequency of Red Blood Cell Antigens According to Parent Ethnicity in Korea Using Molecular Typing. Ann Lab Med 2018; 38:599-603. [PMID: 30027705 PMCID: PMC6056381 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2018.38.6.599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Frequencies of red blood cell (RBC) blood group antigens differ by ethnicity. Since the number of immigrants is increasing in Korea, RBC antigens should be assessed in children/youths with parents of different ethnicities to ensure safe transfusions. We investigated the frequency of RBC antigens, except for ABO and RhD, in 382 children and youths with parents having Korean and non-Korean ethnicities. Subjects were divided into those with ethnically Korean parents (Korean group; N=252) and those with at least one parent of non-Korean ethnicity (non-Korean group; N=130). The 37 RBC antigens were genotyped using the ID CORE XT system (Progenika Biopharma-Grifols, Bizkaia, Spain). The frequencies of the Rh (E, C, e, hr(S), and hr(B)), Duffy (Fy(a)), MNS (Mi(a)), and Cartwright (Yt(b)) antigens differed significantly between the two groups. Eight and 11 subjects in the Korean and non-Korean groups, respectively, exhibited negative expression of high-frequency antigens, whereas 14 subjects in the non-Korean group showed positive expression of low-frequency antigens. The frequency of RBC antigens has altered alongside demographic changes in Korea and might lead to changes in distribution of RBC antibodies that cause acute or delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hwa Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyung Hoi Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.,BioMedical Informatics Unit, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
| | - Yun Ji Hong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Kyoung Un Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Min Ju Kim
- The Division of Human Blood Safety Surveillance, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jeong Ran Kwon
- Division of Infectious Disease Surveillance, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Young Sil Choi
- Division of Laboratory Diagnosis Management, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jun Nyun Kim
- The Division of Human Blood Safety Surveillance, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
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16
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Montemayor-Garcia C, Karagianni P, Stiles DA, Reese EM, Smellie DA, Loy DA, Levy KY, Nwokocha M, Bueno MU, Miller JL, Klein HG. Genomic coordinates and continental distribution of 120 blood group variants reported by the 1000 Genomes Project. Transfusion 2018; 58:2693-2704. [PMID: 30312480 DOI: 10.1111/trf.14953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 1000 Genomes Project provides a database of genomic variants from whole genome sequencing of 2504 individuals across five continental superpopulations. This database can enrich our background knowledge of worldwide blood group variant geographic distribution and identify novel variants of potential clinical significance. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The 1000 Genomes database was analyzed to 1) expand knowledge about continental distributions of known blood group variants, 2) identify novel variants with antigenic potential and their geographic association, and 3) establish a baseline scaffold of chromosomal coordinates to translate next-generation sequencing output files into a predicted red blood cell (RBC) phenotype. RESULTS Forty-two genes were investigated. A total of 604 known variants were mapped to the GRCh37 assembly; 120 of these were reported by 1000 Genomes in at least one superpopulation. All queried variants, including the ACKR1 promoter silencing mutation, are located within exon pull-down boundaries. The analysis yielded 41 novel population distributions for 34 known variants, as well as 12 novel blood group variants that warrant further validation and study. Four prediction algorithms collectively flagged 79 of 109 (72%) known antigenic or enzymatically detrimental blood group variants, while 4 of 12 variants that do not result in an altered RBC phenotype were flagged as deleterious. CONCLUSION Next-generation sequencing has known potential for high-throughput and extended RBC phenotype prediction; a database of GRCh37 and GRCh38 chromosomal coordinates for 120 worldwide blood group variants is provided as a basis for this clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina Montemayor-Garcia
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - David A Stiles
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Erika M Reese
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Danielle A Smellie
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Debrean A Loy
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kimberly Y Levy
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Magdalene Nwokocha
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Marina U Bueno
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jeffery L Miller
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Harvey G Klein
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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17
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Saleh RM, Zefarina Z, Che Mat NF, Chambers GK, Edinur HA. Transfusion Medicine and Molecular Genetic Methods. Int J Prev Med 2018; 9:45. [PMID: 29899883 PMCID: PMC5981227 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_232_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transfusion procedures are always complicated by potential genetic mismatching between donor and recipient. Compatibility is determined by several major antigens, such as the ABO and Rhesus blood groups. Matching for other blood groups (Kell, Kidd, Duffy, and MNS), human platelet antigens, and human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) also contributes toward the successful transfusion outcomes, especially in multitransfused or highly immunized patients. All these antigens of tissue identity are highly polymorphic and thus present great challenges for finding suitable donors for transfusion patients. The ABO blood group and HLA markers are also the determinants of transplant compatibility, and mismatched antigens will cause graft rejection or graft-versus-host disease. Thus, a single and comprehensive registry covering all of the significant transfusion and transplantation antigens is expected to become an important tool in providing an efficient service capable of delivering safe blood and quickly locating matching organs/stem cells. This review article is intended as an accessible guide for physicians who care for transfusion-dependent patients. In particular, it serves to introduce the new molecular screening methods together with the biology of these systems, which underlies the tests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zulkafli Zefarina
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nor Fazila Che Mat
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | - Hisham Atan Edinur
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
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18
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Sapiano MRP, Savinkina AA, Ellingson KD, Haass KA, Baker ML, Henry RA, Berger JJ, Kuehnert MJ, Basavaraju SV. Supplemental findings from the National Blood Collection and Utilization Surveys, 2013 and 2015. Transfusion 2018; 57 Suppl 2:1599-1624. [PMID: 28591471 DOI: 10.1111/trf.14168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathew R P Sapiano
- Office of Blood, Organ, and Other Tissue Safety, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion.,Surveillance Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Alexandra A Savinkina
- Office of Blood, Organ, and Other Tissue Safety, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education
| | - Katherine D Ellingson
- Office of Blood, Organ, and Other Tissue Safety, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion.,The University of Arizona College of Public Health, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Kathryn A Haass
- Office of Blood, Organ, and Other Tissue Safety, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion
| | - Misha L Baker
- Office of Blood, Organ, and Other Tissue Safety, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion.,Northrop Grumman Corporation, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Richard A Henry
- Office of HIV/AIDS and Infectious Disease Policy, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Washington, DC
| | - James J Berger
- Office of HIV/AIDS and Infectious Disease Policy, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Washington, DC
| | - Matthew J Kuehnert
- Office of Blood, Organ, and Other Tissue Safety, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion
| | - Sridhar V Basavaraju
- Office of Blood, Organ, and Other Tissue Safety, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion
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19
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Molecular immunohaematology round table discussions at the AABB Annual Meeting, Orlando 2016. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2018. [PMID: 29517973 DOI: 10.2450/2018.0260-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Sautner É, Papp K, Holczer E, Tóth EL, Ungai-Salánki R, Szabó B, Fürjes P, Prechl J. Detection of red blood cell surface antigens by probe-triggered cell collision and flow retardation in an autonomous microfluidic system. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1008. [PMID: 28432341 PMCID: PMC5430922 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01166-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic devices exploit combined physical, chemical and biological phenomena that could be unique in the sub-millimeter dimensions. The current goal of development of Point-of-Care (POC) medical devices is to extract the biomedical information from the blood. We examined the characteristics of blood flow in autonomous microfluidic devices with the aim to realize sensitive detection of interactions between particulate elements of the blood and the appropriately modified surfaces of the system. As a model experiment we demonstrated the fast analysis of the AB0 blood group system. We observed that the accumulation of red blood cells immobilized on the capillary wall leads to increased lateral movement of the flowing cells, resulting in the overall selective deceleration of the red blood cell flow column compared to the plasma fraction. We showed that by monitoring the flow rate characteristics in capillaries coated with blood type reagents it is possible to identify red blood cell types. Analysis of hydrodynamic effects governing blood flow by Finite Element Method based modelling supported our observations. Our proof-of-concept results point to a novel direction in blood analysis in autonomous microfluidic systems and also provide the basis for the construction of a simple quantitative device for blood group determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Sautner
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, 1111, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Papp
- MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
| | - Eszter Holczer
- Inst. of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, HAS, Budapest, 1121, Hungary
| | - Eszter L Tóth
- Inst. of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, HAS, Budapest, 1121, Hungary.,Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | | | - Bálint Szabó
- Nanobiosensorics Group at Inst. of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, HAS, Budapest, 1121, Hungary.,Department of Biological Physics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Péter Fürjes
- Inst. of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, HAS, Budapest, 1121, Hungary
| | - József Prechl
- MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.,Diagnosticum Zrt., Budapest, 1047, Hungary
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21
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A preliminary evaluation of next-generation sequencing as a screening tool for targeted genotyping of erythrocyte and platelet antigens in blood donors. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2017; 16:285-292. [PMID: 28287381 DOI: 10.2450/2017.0253-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matching the compatibility of donor blood with the recipient's antigens prevents alloimmunisation. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology is a promising method for extensive blood group and platelet antigen genotyping of blood donors. It circumvents the limitations of detecting known alleles based on predefined polymorphisms and enables targeted sequencing on a massive scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate the NGS AmpliSeq application on the Ion Torrent platform as a screening tool for genotyping blood donors' erythrocyte/platelet antigens. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primers for regions encoding antigens RhD (exons 5, 7), Rhc, RhE/e, Fya/b, Jka/b, M/N, S/s, HPA-1, 2, 3, 5, 15 were designed with Ion AmpliSeq Designer with manual inclusion of RHCE*C primers. DNA libraries of 57 regular blood donors with determined phenotype/genotype (prepared using the Ion AmpliSeq Library Kit and 14 primer pairs) were sequenced on the Ion Torrent PGM using 316v2 chips and 200 bp chemistry. RESULTS Sequencing was successful in all but the MN and HPA-5 regions. Mean sequencing coverage in one experiment was 4,606 reads, except for the RHCE*C region (mean 568 reads). NGS results agreed with the known phenotype/genotype of donors except in one phenotypically Fy(a+b-) case in whom FY*A/FY*B alleles were found. Reading rates for homozygotes were 97-100%, while they were around 50% for heterozygotes. NGS of RHD regions led to identification of mutations in two RhD negative donors. DISCUSSION NGS can be performed as a screening test to determine erythrocyte/platelet antigens in blood donors. This method allowed testing of 48 donors for 14 features (200 bp long) with the depth of a few thousand reads simultaneously, and the estimation of natural chimerism or hemi/homozygotic status. NGS screening can be adjusted to the genetic background of a given tested population.
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22
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Fasano RM, Sullivan HC, Bray RA, Gebel HM, Meyer EK, Winkler AM, Josephson CD, Stowell SR, Sandy Duncan A, Roback JD. Genotyping Applications for Transplantation and Transfusion Management: The Emory Experience. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2017; 141:329-340. [PMID: 28234571 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2016-0277-sa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Current genotyping methodologies for transplantation and transfusion management employ multiplex systems that allow for simultaneous detection of multiple HLA antigens, human platelet antigens, and red blood cell (RBC) antigens. The development of high-resolution, molecular HLA typing has led to improved outcomes in unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplants by better identifying compatible alleles of the HLA-A, B, C, DRB1, and DQB1 antigens. In solid organ transplantation, the combination of high-resolution HLA typing with solid-phase antibody identification has proven of value for highly sensitized patients and has significantly reduced incompatible crossmatches at the time of organ allocation. This database-driven, combined HLA antigen/antibody testing has enabled routine implementation of "virtual crossmatching" and may even obviate the need for physical crossmatching. In addition, DNA-based testing for RBC antigens provides an alternative typing method that mitigates many of the limitations of hemagglutination-based phenotyping. Although RBC genotyping has utility in various transfusion settings, it has arguably been most useful for minimizing alloimmunization in the management of transfusion-dependent patients with sickle cell disease or thalassemia. The availability of high-throughput RBC genotyping for both individuals and large populations of donors, along with coordinated informatics systems to compare patients' antigen profiles with available antigen-negative and/or rare blood-typed donors, holds promise for improving the efficiency, reliability, and extent of RBC matching for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John D Roback
- From the Center for Transfusion and Cellular Therapies (Drs Fasano, Sullivan, Meyer, Winkler, Josephson, Stowell, Duncan, and Roback) and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Drs Fasano, Sullivan, Bray, Gebel, Meyer, Winkler, Josephson, Stowell, Duncan, and Roback), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and the Department of Transfusion, Tissue, and Apheresis, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (Drs Fasano, Meyer, and Josephson). Dr Meyer is now with the Department of Pathology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus
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23
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Erythrogene: a database for in-depth analysis of the extensive variation in 36 blood group systems in the 1000 Genomes Project. Blood Adv 2016; 1:240-249. [PMID: 29296939 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2016001867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood group genotyping has recently developed into a clinical tool to improve compatibility of blood transfusions and management of pregnancies. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is rapidly moving toward routine practice for patient and donor typing and has the potential to remedy some of the limitations of currently used platforms. However, a large-scale investigation into the blood group genotypes obtained by NGS in a multiethnic cohort is lacking. The 1000 Genomes Project provides information on genome variation among 2504 individuals representing 26 populations worldwide. We extracted their NGS data for all 36 blood group systems to a custom-designed database. In total, 210 412 alleles from 43 blood group-related genes were imported and curated. Matching algorithms were developed to compare them to blood group variants identified to date. Of the 1241 non-synonymous variants identified in the coding regions, 241 are known blood group polymorphisms. Interestingly, 357 of the remaining 1000 variants are predicted to occur on extracellular portions of 31 different blood group-carrying proteins and some may represent undiscovered antigens. Of the alleles analyzed, 1504 were not previously described. The ABO/GBGT1/FUT2/FUT3 and GYPB/GYPC genes showed the highest degree of variation per kilobase coding sequence, and ACKR1 variants had the most skewed distribution across 5 continental superpopulations in the dataset. Results were exported to an online search engine, www.erythrogene.com, which presents data according to the allele nomenclature developed for clinical reporting by the International Society of Blood Transfusion. The established database deepens our knowledge on blood group polymorphism globally and provides a long-sought platform for future research.
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24
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Belsito A, Magnussen K, Napoli C. Emerging strategies of blood group genotyping for patients with hemoglobinopathies. Transfus Apher Sci 2016; 56:206-213. [PMID: 28040400 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Red cell alloimmunization is a serious problem in chronically transfused patients. A number of high-throughput DNA assays have been developed to extend or replace traditional serologic antigen typing. DNA-based typing methods may be easily automated and multiplexed, and provide reliable information on a patient. Molecular genotyping promises to become cheaper, being not dependent on serologic immunoglobulin reagents. Patients with hemoglobinopathies could benefit from receiving extended genomic typing. This could limit post transfusional complications depending on subtle antigenic differences between donors and patients. Patient/donor compatibility extended beyond the phenotype Rh/Kell may allows improved survival of transfused units of red blood cells (RBC) and lead to reduced need for blood transfusion and leading to less iron overload and reduced risk of alloimmunization. Here we discuss the advantages and limitations of current techniques, that detect only predefined genetic variants. In contrast, target enrichment next-generation sequencing (NGS) has been used to detect both known and de novo genetic polymorphisms, including single-nucleotide polymorphisms, indels (insertions/deletions), and structural variations. NGS approaches can be used to develop an extended blood group genotyping assay system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Belsito
- Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistic Units Clinical Immunoematology Immunohematology U.O.C. Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Organ Transplant Immunology (SIMT), Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology (LIT), Department of Internal Medicine and Specialist Units, Azienda Universitaria Policlinico (AOU), Second University of Naples (SUN), Naples, Italy.
| | - K Magnussen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Napoli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistic Units Clinical Immunoematology Immunohematology U.O.C. Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Organ Transplant Immunology (SIMT), Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology (LIT), Department of Internal Medicine and Specialist Units, Azienda Universitaria Policlinico (AOU), Second University of Naples (SUN), Naples, Italy
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25
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Fasano RM, Chou ST. Red Blood Cell Antigen Genotyping for Sickle Cell Disease, Thalassemia, and Other Transfusion Complications. Transfus Med Rev 2016; 30:197-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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26
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Molecular immunohaematology round table discussions at the AABB Annual Meeting, Anaheim 2015. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2016; 14:557-565. [PMID: 27483480 DOI: 10.2450/2016.0063-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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27
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28
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Blood Group Typing: From Classical Strategies to the Application of Synthetic Antibodies Generated by Molecular Imprinting. SENSORS 2015; 16:s16010051. [PMID: 26729127 PMCID: PMC4732084 DOI: 10.3390/s16010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Blood transfusion requires a mandatory cross-match test to examine the compatibility between donor and recipient blood groups. Generally, in all cross-match tests, a specific chemical reaction of antibodies with erythrocyte antigens is carried out to monitor agglutination. Since the visual inspection is no longer useful for obtaining precise quantitative information, therefore there is a wide variety of different technologies reported in the literature to recognize the agglutination reactions. Despite the classical methods, modern biosensors and molecular blood typing strategies have also been considered for straightforward, accurate and precise analysis. The interfacial part of a typical sensor device could range from natural antibodies to synthetic receptor materials, as designed by molecular imprinting and which is suitably integrated with the transducer surface. Herein, we present a comprehensive overview of some selected strategies extending from traditional practices to modern procedures in blood group typing, thus to highlight the most promising approach among emerging technologies.
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29
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Lane WJ, Westhoff CM, Uy JM, Aguad M, Smeland-Wagman R, Kaufman RM, Rehm HL, Green RC, Silberstein LE. Comprehensive red blood cell and platelet antigen prediction from whole genome sequencing: proof of principle. Transfusion 2015; 56:743-54. [PMID: 26634332 PMCID: PMC5019240 DOI: 10.1111/trf.13416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are 346 serologically defined red blood cell (RBC) antigens and 33 serologically defined platelet (PLT) antigens, most of which have known genetic changes in 45 RBC or six PLT genes that correlate with antigen expression. Polymorphic sites associated with antigen expression in the primary literature and reference databases are annotated according to nucleotide positions in cDNA. This makes antigen prediction from next-generation sequencing data challenging, since it uses genomic coordinates. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The conventional cDNA reference sequences for all known RBC and PLT genes that correlate with antigen expression were aligned to the human reference genome. The alignments allowed conversion of conventional cDNA nucleotide positions to the corresponding genomic coordinates. RBC and PLT antigen prediction was then performed using the human reference genome and whole genome sequencing (WGS) data with serologic confirmation. RESULTS Some major differences and alignment issues were found when attempting to convert the conventional cDNA to human reference genome sequences for the following genes: ABO, A4GALT, RHD, RHCE, FUT3, ACKR1 (previously DARC), ACHE, FUT2, CR1, GCNT2, and RHAG. However, it was possible to create usable alignments, which facilitated the prediction of all RBC and PLT antigens with a known molecular basis from WGS data. Traditional serologic typing for 18 RBC antigens were in agreement with the WGS-based antigen predictions, providing proof of principle for this approach. CONCLUSION Detailed mapping of conventional cDNA annotated RBC and PLT alleles can enable accurate prediction of RBC and PLT antigens from whole genomic sequencing data.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Lane
- Department of Pathology.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Heidi L Rehm
- Department of Pathology.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Laboratory for Molecular Medicine.,Partners Healthcare Personalized Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert C Green
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Partners Healthcare Personalized Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Leslie E Silberstein
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital
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Evaluation of red blood cell and platelet antigen genotyping platforms (ID CORE XT/ID HPA XT) in routine clinical practice. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2015; 14:160-7. [PMID: 26674823 DOI: 10.2450/2015.0124-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-throughput genotyping platforms enable simultaneous analysis of multiple polymorphisms for blood group typing. BLOODchip® ID is a genotyping platform based on Luminex® xMAP technology for simultaneous determination of 37 red blood cell (RBC) antigens (ID CORE XT) and 18 human platelet antigens (HPA) (ID HPA XT) using the BIDS XT software. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this international multicentre study, the performance of ID CORE XT and ID HPA XT, using the centres' current genotyping methods as the reference for comparison, and the usability and practicality of these systems, were evaluated under working laboratory conditions. DNA was extracted from whole blood in EDTA with Qiagen methodologies. Ninety-six previously phenotyped/genotyped samples were processed per assay: 87 testing samples plus five positive controls and four negative controls. RESULTS Results were available for 519 samples: 258 with ID CORE XT and 261 with ID HPA XT. There were three "no calls" that were either caused by human error or resolved after repeating the test. Agreement between the tests and reference methods was 99.94% for ID CORE XT (9,540/9,546 antigens determined) and 100% for ID HPA XT (all 4,698 alleles determined). There were six discrepancies in antigen results in five RBC samples, four of which (in VS, N, S and Do(a)) could not be investigated due to lack of sufficient sample to perform additional tests and two of which (in S and C) were resolved in favour of ID CORE XT (100% accuracy). The total hands-on time was 28-41 minutes for a batch of 16 samples. Compared with the reference platforms, ID CORE XT and ID HPA XT were considered simpler to use and had shorter processing times. DISCUSSION ID CORE XT and ID HPA XT genotyping platforms for RBC and platelet systems were accurate and user-friendly in working laboratory settings.
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Lopez GH, Morrison J, Condon JA, Wilson B, Martin JR, Liew YW, Flower RL, Hyland CA. Duffy blood group phenotype-genotype correlations using high-resolution melting analysis PCR and microarray reveal complex cases including a new null FY*A allele: the role for sequencing in genotyping algorithms. Vox Sang 2015; 109:296-303. [PMID: 25900316 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Duffy blood group phenotypes can be predicted by genotyping for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) responsible for the Fy(a) /Fy(b) polymorphism, for weak Fy(b) antigen, and for the red cell null Fy(a-b-) phenotype. This study correlates Duffy phenotype predictions with serotyping to assess the most reliable procedure for typing. MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples, n = 155 (135 donors and 20 patients), were genotyped by high-resolution melt PCR and by microarray. Samples were in three serology groups: 1) Duffy patterns expected n = 79, 2) weak and equivocal Fy(b) patterns n = 29 and 3) Fy(a-b-) n = 47 (one with anti-Fy3 antibody). RESULTS Discrepancies were observed for five samples. For two, SNP genotyping predicted weak Fy(b) expression discrepant with Fy(b-) (Group 1 and 3). For three, SNP genotyping predicted Fy(a) , discrepant with Fy(a-b-) (Group 3). DNA sequencing identified silencing mutations in these FY*A alleles. One was a novel FY*A 719delG. One, the sample with the anti-Fy3, was homozygous for a 14-bp deletion (FY*01N.02); a true null. CONCLUSION Both the high-resolution melting analysis and SNP microarray assays were concordant and showed genotyping, as well as phenotyping, is essential to ensure 100% accuracy for Duffy blood group assignments. Sequencing is important to resolve phenotype/genotype conflicts which here identified alleles, one novel, that carry silencing mutations. The risk of alloimmunisation may be dependent on this zygosity status.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Lopez
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - J Morrison
- Red Cell Reference Laboratory, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - J A Condon
- Red Cell Reference Laboratory, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, West Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - B Wilson
- Red Cell Reference Laboratory, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - J R Martin
- Red Cell Reference Laboratory, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - Y-W Liew
- Red Cell Reference Laboratory, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - R L Flower
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - C A Hyland
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
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Johnsen JM. Using red blood cell genomics in transfusion medicine. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2015; 2015:168-176. [PMID: 26637717 DOI: 10.1182/asheducation-2015.1.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Blood types (blood group antigens) are heritable polymorphic antigenic molecules on the surface of blood cells. These were amongst the first human Mendelian traits identified, and the genetic basis of nearly all of the hundreds of blood types is known. Clinical laboratory methods have proven useful to identify selected blood group gene variants, and use of genetic blood type information is becoming widespread. However, the breadth and complexity of clinically relevant blood group genetic variation poses challenges. With recent advances in next-generation sequencing technologies, a more comprehensive DNA sequence-based genetic blood typing approach is now feasible. This chapter introduces the practitioner to high-resolution genetic blood typing beginning with an overview of the genetics of blood group antigens, the clinical problem of allosensitization, current blood type testing methods, and then discussion of next-generation sequencing and its application to the problem of genetic blood typing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill M Johnsen
- Bloodworks Research Institute, and Division of Hematology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
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