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Kono M, Ishihara N, Nakane T, Nabetani Y, Kajino M, Okuda T, Hayashi M, Koriyama C, Vogel CFA, Tsuji M, Ishihara Y. Enhancement of keratinocyte survival and migration elicited by interleukin 24 upregulation in dermal microvascular endothelium upon welding-fume exposure. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2024; 87:792-810. [PMID: 38940434 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2372403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Occupational exposure to welding fumes constitutes a serious health concern. Although the effects of fumes on the respiratory tract have been investigated, few apparent reports were published on their effects on the skin. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of exposure to welding fumes on skin cells, focusing on interleukin-24 (IL-24), a cytokine involved in the pathophysiology of skin conditions, such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Treatment with welding fumes increased IL-24 expression and production levels in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMEC) which were higher than that in normal human epidermal keratinocytes. IL-24 levels in Trolox and deferoxamine markedly suppressed welding fume-induced IL-24 expression in HDMEC, indicating that oxidative stress may be involved in this cytokine expression. IL-24 released from HDMEC protected keratinocytes from welding fume-induced damage and enhanced keratinocyte migration. Serum IL-24 was higher in welding workers than in general subjects and was positively correlated with elevated serum levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, an oxidative stress marker. In summary, welding fumes enhanced IL-24 expression in HDMEC, stimulating keratinocyte survival and migration. IL-24 expression in endothelial cells may act as an adaptive response to welding-fume exposure in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maori Kono
- Laboratory of Advanced Cosmetic Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Advanced Technology Institute, Mandom Corporation, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nami Ishihara
- Program of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tatsuto Nakane
- Program of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yu Nabetani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Mizuo Kajino
- Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Okuda
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Tokyo, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Chihaya Koriyama
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Christoph F A Vogel
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Mayumi Tsuji
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ishihara
- Program of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Tang K, Cui X. A Review on Investigating the Interactions between Nanoparticles and the Pulmonary Surfactant Monolayer with Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Method. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:11829-11842. [PMID: 38809819 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary drug delivery has garnered significant attention due to its targeted local lung action, minimal toxic side effects, and high drug utilization. However, the physicochemical properties of inhaled nanoparticles (NPs) used as drug carriers can influence their interactions with the pulmonary surfactant (PS) monolayer, potentially altering the fate of the NPs and impairing the biophysical function of the PS monolayer. Thus, the objective of this review is to summarize how the physicochemical properties of NPs affect their interactions with the PS monolayer. Initially, the definition and properties of NPs, as well as the composition and characteristics of the PS monolayer, are introduced. Subsequently, the coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CGMD) simulation method for studying the interactions between NPs and the PS monolayer is presented. Finally, the implications of the hydrophobicity, size, shape, surface charge, surface modification, and aggregation of NPs on their interactions with the PS monolayer and on the composition of biomolecular corona are discussed. In conclusion, gaining a deeper understanding of the effects of the physicochemical properties of NPs on their interactions with the PS monolayer will contribute to the development of safer and more effective nanomedicines for pulmonary drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailiang Tang
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xinguang Cui
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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Rasking L, Roelens C, Sprangers B, Thienpont B, Nawrot TS, De Vusser K. Lupus, DNA Methylation, and Air Pollution: A Malicious Triad. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15050. [PMID: 36429769 PMCID: PMC9690025 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains elusive to this day; however, genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors have been implicated to be involved in disease pathogenesis. Recently, it was demonstrated that in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, interferon-regulated genes are hypomethylated in naïve CD4+ T cells, CD19+ B lymphocytes, and CD14+ monocytes. This suggests that interferon-regulated genes may have been epigenetically poised in SLE patients for rapid expression upon stimulation by different environmental factors. Additionally, environmental studies have identified DNA (hypo)methylation changes as a potential mechanism of environmentally induced health effects in utero, during childhood and in adults. Finally, epidemiologic studies have firmly established air pollution as a crucial SLE risk factor, as studies showed an association between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and traditional SLE biomarkers related to disease flare, hospital admissions, and an increased SLEDAI score. In this review, the relationship between aberrant epigenetic regulation, the environment, and the development of SLE will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leen Rasking
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Céline Roelens
- Depatment of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, University Hospital Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ben Sprangers
- Depatment of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, University Hospital Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Leuven University, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bernard Thienpont
- Department of Human Genetics, Leuven University, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tim S. Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Environment and Health Unit, Leuven University, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien De Vusser
- Depatment of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, University Hospital Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Leuven University, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Aztatzi-Aguilar OG, Valdés-Arzate A, Debray-García Y, Calderón-Aranda ES, Uribe-Ramirez M, Acosta-Saavedra L, Gonsebatt ME, Maciel-Ruiz JA, Petrosyan P, Mugica-Alvarez V, Gutiérrez-Ruiz MC, Gómez-Quiroz LE, Osornio-Vargas A, Froines J, Kleinman MT, De Vizcaya-Ruiz A. Exposure to ambient particulate matter induces oxidative stress in lung and aorta in a size- and time-dependent manner in rats. TOXICOLOGY RESEARCH AND APPLICATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/2397847318794859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter (PM) has been implicated in oxidative stress (OxS) and inflammation as underlying mechanisms of lung damage and cardiovascular alterations. PM is a chemical mixture that can be subdivided according to their aerodynamic size into coarse (CP), fine (FP), and ultrafine (UFP) particulates. We investigated, in a rat model, the induction of OxS (protein oxidation and antioxidant response), carcinogen-DNA adduct formation, and inflammatory mediators in lung in response to different airborne particulate fractions, CP, FP, and UFP, after an acute and subchronic exposure. In addition, OxS was evaluated in the aorta to assess the effects beyond the lungs. Exposure to CP, FP, and UFP induced time- and size-dependent lung protein oxidation and DNA adduct formation. After acute and subchronic exposure, nuclear factor erythroid-2 (Nrf2) activation was observed in the lung, by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and the induction of mRNA antioxidant enzymes in the FP and UFP groups, but not in the CP. Cytokine concentration of interleukin 1β, interleukin 6, and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 was significantly increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after acute exposure to FP and UFP. Activation of Nrf2 and expression of mRNA antioxidant enzymes were observed only after the subchronic exposure to FP and UFP in the aorta. Our results indicate that FP and UFP were mainly accountable for the oxidant toxic effects in the lung; OxS is spread from the lung to the cardiovascular system. We conclude that the biological mechanisms associated with transient OxS and inflammation are particle size and time-dependent exposure resulting in acute lung injury, which later reaches the vascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- OG Aztatzi-Aguilar
- Cátedras-CONACYT
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, CDMX, Mexico
| | - A Valdés-Arzate
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX, México
| | - Y Debray-García
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX, México
| | - ES Calderón-Aranda
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX, México
| | - M Uribe-Ramirez
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX, México
| | - L Acosta-Saavedra
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX, México
| | - ME Gonsebatt
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, México
| | - JA Maciel-Ruiz
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, México
| | - P Petrosyan
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, México
| | - V Mugica-Alvarez
- Área de Química Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, CDMX, México
| | - MC Gutiérrez-Ruiz
- Departamento Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, and Unidad de Medicina Traslacional UNAM/INCICH, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, CDMX, México
| | - LE Gómez-Quiroz
- Departamento Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, and Unidad de Medicina Traslacional UNAM/INCICH, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, CDMX, México
| | - A Osornio-Vargas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - J Froines
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - MT Kleinman
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - A De Vizcaya-Ruiz
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX, México
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Inhalable particulate drug delivery systems for lung cancer therapy: Nanoparticles, microparticles, nanocomposites and nanoaggregates. J Control Release 2018; 269:374-392. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Klein SG, Cambier S, Hennen J, Legay S, Serchi T, Nelissen I, Chary A, Moschini E, Krein A, Blömeke B, Gutleb AC. Endothelial responses of the alveolar barrier in vitro in a dose-controlled exposure to diesel exhaust particulate matter. Part Fibre Toxicol 2017; 14:7. [PMID: 28264691 PMCID: PMC5339948 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-017-0186-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the last 250 years, the level of exposure to combustion-derived particles raised dramatically in western countries, leading to increased particle loads in the ambient air. Among the environmental particles, diesel exhaust particulate matter (DEPM) plays a special role because of its omnipresence and reported effects on human health. During recent years, a possible link between air pollution and the progression of atherosclerosis is recognized. A central effect of DEPM is their impact on the endothelium, especially of the alveolar barrier. In the present study, a complex 3D tetraculture model of the alveolar barrier was used in a dose-controlled exposure scenario with realistic doses of DEPM to study the response of endothelial cells. RESULTS Tetracultures were exposed to different doses of DEPM (SRM2975) at the air-liquid-interface. DEPM exposure did not lead to the mRNA expression of relevant markers for endothelial inflammation such as ICAM-1 or E-selectin. In addition, we observed neither a significant change in the expression levels of the genes relevant for antioxidant defense, such as HMOX1 or SOD1, nor the release of pro-inflammatory second messengers, such as IL-6 or IL-8. However, DEPM exposure led to strong nuclear translocation of the transcription factor Nrf2 and significantly altered expression of CYP1A1 mRNA in the endothelial cells of the tetraculture. CONCLUSION In the present study, we demonstrated the use of a complex 3D tetraculture system together with a state-of-the-art aerosol exposure equipment to study the effects of in vivo relevant doses of DEPM on endothelial cells in vitro. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first that focuses on indirect effects of DEPM on endothelial cells of the alveolar barrier in vitro. Exposure to DEPM led to significant activation and nuclear translocation of the transcription factor Nrf2 in endothelial cells. The considerably low doses of DEPM had a low but measurable effect, which is in line with recent data from in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian G. Klein
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, 41, rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University Trier, Universitätsring 15, 54296 Trier, Germany
| | - Sébastien Cambier
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, 41, rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
| | - Jennifer Hennen
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University Trier, Universitätsring 15, 54296 Trier, Germany
| | - Sylvain Legay
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, 41, rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
| | - Tommaso Serchi
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, 41, rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
| | - Inge Nelissen
- VITO NV, Environmental Risk and Health Unit, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Aline Chary
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, 41, rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
| | - Elisa Moschini
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, 41, rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
| | - Andreas Krein
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, 41, rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
| | - Brunhilde Blömeke
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University Trier, Universitätsring 15, 54296 Trier, Germany
| | - Arno C. Gutleb
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, 41, rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
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Rueda-Romero C, Hernández-Pérez G, Ramos-Godínez P, Vázquez-López I, Quintana-Belmares RO, Huerta-García E, Stepien E, López-Marure R, Montiel-Dávalos A, Alfaro-Moreno E. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles induce the expression of early and late receptors for adhesion molecules on monocytes. Part Fibre Toxicol 2016; 13:36. [PMID: 27338562 PMCID: PMC4917990 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-016-0147-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence that exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) could be harmful. Previously, we have shown that TiO2 NPs induces endothelial cell dysfunction and damage in glial cells. Considering that inhaled particles can induce systemic effects and the evidence that nanoparticles may translocate out of the lungs, we evaluated whether different types of TiO2 NPs can induce the expression of receptors for adhesion molecules on monocytes (U937 cell line). We evaluated the role of reactive oxygen spices (ROS) on these effects. METHODS The expression of receptors for early (sLe(x) and PSGL-1) and late (LFA-1, VLA-4 and αVβ3) adhesion molecules was evaluated in U937 cells on a time course (3-24 h) using a wide range of concentrations (0.001-100 μg/mL) of three types of TiO2 NPs (<25 nm anatase, 50 nm anatase-rutile or < 100 nm anatase). Cells exposed to TNFα were considered positive controls, and unexposed cells, negative controls. In some experiments we added 10 μmolar of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to evaluate the role of ROS. RESULTS All tested particles, starting at a concentration of 0.03 μg/mL, induced the expression of receptors for early and late adhesion molecules. The largest increases were induced by the different molecules after 3 h of exposure for sLe(x) and PSGL-1 (up to 3-fold of the positive controls) and after 18 h of exposure for LFA-1, VLA-4 and αVβ3 (up to 2.5-fold of the positive controls). Oxidative stress was observed as early as 10 min after exposure, but the maximum peak was found after 4 h of exposure. Adhesion of exposed or unexposed monocytes to unexposed or exposed endothelial cells was tested, and we observed that monocytes cells adhere in similar amounts to endothelial cells if one of the two cell types, or both were exposed. When NAC was added, the expression of the receptors was inhibited. CONCLUSIONS These results show that small concentrations of particles may activate monocytes that attach to endothelial cells. These results suggest that distal effects can be induced by small amounts of particles that may translocate from the lungs. ROS play a central role in the induction of the expression of these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristhiam Rueda-Romero
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México, México
- Universidad Interserrana del Estado de Puebla, Ahuacatlán, Puebla México
| | - Guillermina Hernández-Pérez
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México, México
- Universidad Interserrana del Estado de Puebla, Ahuacatlán, Puebla México
| | - Pilar Ramos-Godínez
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Subdirección de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Inés Vázquez-López
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Raúl Omar Quintana-Belmares
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Elizabeth Huerta-García
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Physiology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ewa Stepien
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Rebeca López-Marure
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Physiology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Angélica Montiel-Dávalos
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ernesto Alfaro-Moreno
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México, México
- Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (Swetox), Forskargatan 20, 151 36 Södertälje, Sweden
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8
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Evaluation of Lung Toxicity of Biodegradable Nanoparticles. ADVANCES IN DELIVERY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-11355-5_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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9
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Hu G, Jiao B, Shi X, Valle RP, Fan Q, Zuo YY. Physicochemical properties of nanoparticles regulate translocation across pulmonary surfactant monolayer and formation of lipoprotein corona. ACS NANO 2013; 7:10525-33. [PMID: 24266809 PMCID: PMC5362675 DOI: 10.1021/nn4054683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Interaction with the pulmonary surfactant film, being the first line of host defense, represents the initial bio-nano interaction in the lungs. Such interaction determines the fate of the inhaled nanoparticles and their potential therapeutic or toxicological effect. Despite considerable progress in optimizing physicochemical properties of nanoparticles for improved delivery and targeting, the mechanisms by which inhaled nanoparticles interact with the pulmonary surfactant film are still largely unknown. Here, using combined in vitro and in silico methods, we show how hydrophobicity and surface charge of nanoparticles differentially regulate the translocation and interaction with the pulmonary surfactant film. While hydrophilic nanoparticles generally translocate quickly across the pulmonary surfactant film, a significant portion of hydrophobic nanoparticles are trapped by the surfactant film and encapsulated in lipid protrusions upon film compression. Our results support a novel model of pulmonary surfactant lipoprotein corona associated with inhaled nanoparticles of different physicochemical properties. Our data suggest that the study of pulmonary nanotoxicology and nanoparticle-based pulmonary drug delivery should consider this lipoprotein corona.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics (LNM), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Address correspondence to ;
| | - Bao Jiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics (LNM), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xinghua Shi
- The State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics (LNM), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Russell P. Valle
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Qihui Fan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Yi Y. Zuo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
- Address correspondence to ;
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10
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Hirose A, Hirano S. [Health effects of nanoparticles and nanomaterials (III). Toxicity and health effects of nanoparticles]. Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi 2013; 63:739-45. [PMID: 18840949 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.63.739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
As described before in the first Frontier Report of this series, there are two types of nanoparticles to be considered in hygiene science; One is the environmental nanoparticle emitted from automobiles and the other is the manufactured nanoparticle. In general nanoparticles (less than 100 nm) are reported to be permeable through cell membrane and tissues and their large surface area is responsible for the greater toxicity compared to larger particles. However, there are contradictory reports on the health effects of nanoparticles. Recent reports suggest that carbon nanotubes, fiber-shaped biopersistent nanoparticles, resemble asbestos in the pathogenesis of granuloma and mesothelioma. As such we summarize health effects of environmental and manufactured nanoparticles in the literature so far including our studies, in this report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Hirose
- Division of Risk Assessment, BSRC, National Institute of Health Sciences, Japan
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11
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Chao MW, Po IP, Laumbach RJ, Koslosky J, Cooper K, Gordon MK. DEP induction of ROS in capillary-like endothelial tubes leads to VEGF-A expression. Toxicology 2012; 297:34-46. [PMID: 22507881 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Inhalation of diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) is associated with pulmonary and cardiovascular disease. One contributor to pathogenesis is inhaled particles reaching and injuring the lung capillary endothelial cells, and possibly gaining access to the blood stream. Using in vitro capillary tubes as a simplified vascular model system for this process, it was previously shown that DEPs induce the redistribution of vascular endothelial cell-cadherin (VE-Cad) away from the plasma membrane to intracellular locations. This allowed DEPs into the cell cytoplasm and tube lumen, suggesting the tubes may have become permeable (Chao et al., 2011). Here some of the mechanisms responsible for endothelial tube changes after DEP exposure were examined. The results demonstrate that endothelial tube cells mounted an oxidative stress response to DEP exposure. Hydrogen peroxide and oxidized proteins were detected after 24h of exposure to DEPs. Particles induced relocalization of Nrf2 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, upregulating the expression of the enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Surprisingly, vascular endothelial cell growth factor-A (VEGF-A), initially termed "vascular permeability factor" (VPF), was found to be up-regulated in response to the HO-1 expression induced by DEPs. Similar to DEPs, applied VEGF-A induced relocalization of VE-Cadherin from the cell membrane surface to an intracellular location, and relocalization of VE-cadherin was associated with permeability. These data suggest that the DEPs may induce or contribute to the permeability of capillary-like endothelial tube cells via induction of HO-1 and VEGF-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wei Chao
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Nemmar A, Al-Salam S, Zia S, Marzouqi F, Al-Dhaheri A, Subramaniyan D, Dhanasekaran S, Yasin J, Ali BH, Kazzam EE. Contrasting actions of diesel exhaust particles on the pulmonary and cardiovascular systems and the effects of thymoquinone. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 164:1871-82. [PMID: 21501145 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01442.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Acute exposure to particulate air pollution has been linked to acute cardiopulmonary events, but the underlying mechanisms are uncertain. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We investigated the acute (at 4 and 18 h) effects of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) on cardiopulmonary parameters in mice and the protective effect of thymoquinone, a constituent of Nigella sativa. Mice were given, intratracheally, either saline (control) or DEP (30 µg·per mouse). KEY RESULTS At 18 h (but not 4 h) after giving DEP, there was lung inflammation and loss of lung function. At both 4 and 18 h, DEP caused systemic inflammation characterized by leucocytosis, increased IL-6 concentrations and reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was decreased only at 18 h. DEP reduced platelet numbers and aggravated in vivo thrombosis in pial arterioles. In vitro, addition of DEP (0.1-1 µg·mL(-1)) to untreated blood-induced platelet aggregation. Pretreatment of mice with thymoquinone prevented DEP-induced decrease of SBP and leucocytosis, increased IL-6 concentration and decreased plasma SOD activity. Thymoquinone also prevented the decrease in platelet numbers and the prothrombotic events but not platelet aggregation in vitro. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS At 4 h after DEP exposure, the cardiovascular changes did not appear to result from pulmonary inflammation but possibly from the entry of DEP and/or their associated components into blood. However, at 18 h, DEP induced significant changes in pulmonary and cardiovascular functions along with lung inflammation. Pretreatment with thymoquinone prevented DEP-induced cardiovascular changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahim Nemmar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE.
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Beck-Broichsitter M, Merkel OM, Kissel T. Controlled pulmonary drug and gene delivery using polymeric nano-carriers. J Control Release 2011; 161:214-24. [PMID: 22192571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary drug and gene delivery to the lung represents a non-invasive avenue for local and systemic therapies. However, the respiratory tract provides substantial barriers that need to be overcome for successful pulmonary application. In this regard, micro- and nano-sized particles offer novel concepts for the development of optimized therapeutic tools in pulmonary research. Polymeric nano-carriers are generally preferred as controlled pulmonary delivery systems due to prolonged retention in the lung. Specific manipulation of nano-carrier characteristics enables the design of "intelligent" carriers specific for modulation of the duration and intensity of pharmacological effects. New formulations should be tested for pulmonary absorption and distribution using more advanced ex vivo and in vivo models. The delivery of nano-carriers to the air-space enables a detailed characterization of the interaction between the carrier vehicle and the natural pulmonary environment. In summary, polymeric nanoparticles seem to be especially promising as controlled delivery systems and represent a solid basis for future advancement for pulmonary delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Beck-Broichsitter
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmacy, Philipps-Universität, Ketzerbach 63, D-35037 Marburg, Germany
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14
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Bogatcheva NV, Zemskova MA, Gorshkov BA, Kim KM, Daglis GA, Poirier C, Verin AD. Ezrin, radixin, and moesin are phosphorylated in response to 2-methoxyestradiol and modulate endothelial hyperpermeability. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2011; 45:1185-94. [PMID: 21659656 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2011-0092oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We showed previously that microtubule disruptor 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME) induces hyperpermeability of the endothelial monolayer via mechanisms that include the activation of p38 and Rho kinase (ROCK) and rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton. Using the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors Ro-31-7549 and Ro-32-0432, we show in vitro and in vivo that 2ME-induced barrier dysfunction is also PKC-dependent. The known PKC substrates ezrin, radixin, and moesin (ERM) were recently implicated in the regulation of endothelial permeability. This study tested the hypotheses that ERM proteins are phosphorylated in response to 2ME, and that this phosphorylation is involved in 2ME-induced barrier dysfunction. We show that the application of 2ME leads to a dramatic increase in the level of ERM phosphorylation. This increase is attenuated in cells pretreated with the microtubule stabilizer taxol. In human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs), the phosphorylation of ERM occurs in a p38-dependent and PKC-dependent manner. The activation of p38 appears to occur upstream from the activation of PKC, in response to 2ME. Phosphorylated ERM are localized at the cell periphery during the early phase of response to 2ME (15 minutes), and colocalize with F-actin branching points during the later phase of response (60 minutes). Using the short interfering RNA approach, we also showed that individual ERM depletion significantly attenuates 2ME-induced hyperpermeability. HPAEC monolayers, depleted of ERM proteins and monolayers, overexpressing phosphorylation-deficient ERM mutants, exhibit less attenuation of 2ME-induced barrier disruption in response to the PKC inhibitor Ro-31-7549. These results suggest a critical role of PKC activation in response to microtubule-disrupting agents, and implicate the phosphorylation of ERM in the barrier dysfunction induced by 2ME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Bogatcheva
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, 30912, USA.
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15
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Wick P, Malek A, Manser P, Meili D, Maeder-Althaus X, Diener L, Diener PA, Zisch A, Krug HF, von Mandach U. Barrier capacity of human placenta for nanosized materials. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2010; 118:432-6. [PMID: 20064770 PMCID: PMC2854775 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0901200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 367] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Accepted: 11/12/2009] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Humans have been exposed to fine and ultrafine particles throughout their history. Since the Industrial Revolution, sources, doses, and types of nanoparticles have changed dramatically. In the last decade, the rapidly developing field of nanotechnology has led to an increase of engineered nanoparticles with novel physical and chemical properties. Regardless of whether this exposure is unintended or not, a careful assessment of possible adverse effects is needed. A large number of projects have been carried out to assess the consequences of combustion-derived or engineered nanoparticle exposure on human health. In recent years there has been a growing concern about the possible health influence of exposure to air pollutants during pregnancy, hence an implicit concern about potential risk for nanoparticle exposure in utero. Previous work has not addressed the question of whether nanoparticles may cross the placenta. OBJECTIVE In this study we investigated whether particles can cross the placental barrier and affect the fetus. METHODS We used the ex vivo human placental perfusion model to investigate whether nanoparticles can cross this barrier and whether this process is size dependent. Fluorescently labeled polystyrene beads with diameters of 50, 80, 240, and 500 nm were chosen as model particles. RESULTS We showed that fluorescent polystyrene particles with diameter up to 240 nm were taken up by the placenta and were able to cross the placental barrier without affecting the viability of the placental explant. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that nanomaterials have the potential for transplacental transfer and underscore the need for further nanotoxicologic studies on this important organ system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wick
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Testing and Research, Laboratory for Materials-Biology Interactions, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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Nemmar A, Al-Salam S, Zia S, Dhanasekaran S, Shudadevi M, Ali BH. Time-course effects of systemically administered diesel exhaust particles in rats. Toxicol Lett 2010; 194:58-65. [PMID: 20144906 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2009] [Revised: 02/01/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Nanosized fraction of particulate air pollution has been reported to translocate from the airways into the bloodstream and act on different organs. However, the direct effect of these translocated particles is not well understood. In this study, we determined the time-course (6 h, 18 h, 48 h and 168 h) effects of the systemic administration of 0.02 mg/kg diesel exhaust particles (DEP) on systolic blood pressure (SBP), systemic inflammation, oxidative status, and morphological alterations in lungs, heart, liver and kidneys in Wistar rats. SBP was significantly decreased at 6 h (P < 0.05) but no significant effects have been observed at later time points. The leukocyte numbers were increased at 6 h (P < 0.05) and 18 h (P < 0.05). However, the platelet numbers were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) 6 h following the systemic administration of DEP. The IL-6 concentrations in plasma was increased at 6 h (P < 0.05) and 18 h (P < 0.05). Similarly, superoxide dismutase activity was significantly increased at 6 (P = 0.01) and 18 h (P < 0.05) following DEP exposure. The direct addition of DEP (0.1-1 microg/ml) to untreated rat blood significantly induced in vitro platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent fashion. The activation of intravascular coagulation was confirmed by a dose-dependent shortening of activated partial thromboplastin time and the prothrombin time following in vitro exposure to DEP (0.25-1 microg/ml). Histological analysis revealed the presence of DEP in the lungs, heart, liver and kidneys. However, the morphological changes were only observed in the lungs, where the presence of infiltration of inflammatory cells was observed as early as 6 h, increased at 18 h, and decreased in intensity at 48 h and at 168 h. We conclude that the direct systemic administration of DEP caused acute effect on SBP (6 h) and systemic inflammation and oxidative stress mainly at 6 h and 18 h. Despite the presence of DEP in lungs, heart, liver and kidneys, the histopathological changes were only seen in the lung which suggests that, at the dose and time-points investigated, DEP cause inflammation and have a predilection for pulmonary tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahim Nemmar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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Tamagawa E, Suda K, Wei Y, Xing L, Mui T, Li Y, van Eeden SF, Man SFP, Sin DD. Endotoxin-induced translocation of interleukin-6 from lungs to the systemic circulation. Innate Immun 2009; 15:251-8. [PMID: 19587000 DOI: 10.1177/1753425909104782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely postulated that systemic inflammation related to lung infections is largely caused by cytokine translocation from the lungs into the systemic circulation but there is a paucity of animal models to evaluate this hypothesis. In this proof-of-concept study, we developed a murine model to determine whether interleukin (IL)-6, a primary inflammatory cytokine, translocates following airway exposure to endotoxin. We collected central venous blood from the right atrium and arterial blood from the aorta simultaneously at 4 h and 24 h following intratracheal exposure to endotoxin (25 microg) and measured IL-6 in the serum and broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid (n = 33 mice). We repeated the experiment following 3 d of treatment with dexamethasone (n = 31 mice). Without stimulation, there was no significant arteriovenous gradient (3 pg/ml with interquartile range [IQR] of 3-5 pg/ml in arterial versus 18 pg/ml with IQR of 8-24 pg/ml in venous serum; P = 0.86). A significant arteriovenous difference was observed by 4 h post-exposure to endotoxin (2813 pg/ml with IQR of 1578-4316 pg/ml in arterial versus 1282 pg/ml with IQR of 778-2699 pg/ml in venous serum; P50.0001). The rise in the BAL IL-6 levels correlated with the increases in the arterial serum levels (P50.0001). Administration of intraperitoneal dexamethasone for 3 d attenuated the increased arteriovenous gradient. This murine model facilitates the estimation of cytokine translocation across the lungs and evaluation of compounds to modulate this gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Tamagawa
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, the Providence Heart and Lung Institute and The James Hogg iCapture Center for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research (St Paul's Hospital), Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Rothen-Rutishauser B, Blank F, Mühlfeld C, Gehr P. In vitro models of the human epithelial airway barrier to study the toxic potential of particulate matter. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2008; 4:1075-89. [PMID: 18680442 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.4.8.1075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several epidemiological studies show that inhalation of particulate matter may cause increased pulmonary morbidity and mortality. Of particular interest are the ultrafine particles that are particularly toxic. In addition more and more nanoparticles are released into the environment; however, the potential health effects of these nanoparticles are yet unknown. OBJECTIVES To avoid particle toxicity studies with animals many cell culture models have been developed during the past years. METHODS This review focuses on the most commonly used in vitro epithelial airway and alveolar models to study particle-cell interactions and particle toxicity and highlights advantages and disadvantages of the different models. RESULTS/CONCLUSION There are many lung cell culture models but none of these models seems to be perfect. However, they might be a great tool to perform basic research or toxicity tests. The focus here is on 3D and co-culture models, which seem to be more realistic than monocultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser
- University of Bern, Institute of Anatomy, Division of Histology, Baltzerstrasse 2, CH-3000 Bern 9, Switzerland.
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Mühlfeld C, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Blank F, Vanhecke D, Ochs M, Gehr P. Interactions of nanoparticles with pulmonary structures and cellular responses. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2008; 294:L817-29. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00442.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Combustion-derived and synthetic nano-sized particles (NSP) have gained considerable interest among pulmonary researchers and clinicians for two main reasons. 1) Inhalation exposure to combustion-derived NSP was associated with increased pulmonary and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality as suggested by epidemiological studies. Experimental evidence has provided a mechanistic picture of the adverse health effects associated with inhalation of combustion-derived and synthetic NSP. 2) The toxicological potential of NSP contrasts with the potential application of synthetic NSP in technological as well as medicinal settings, with the latter including the use of NSP as diagnostics or therapeutics. To shed light on this paradox, this article aims to highlight recent findings about the interaction of inhaled NSP with the structures of the respiratory tract including surfactant, alveolar macrophages, and epithelial cells. Cellular responses to NSP exposure include the generation of reactive oxygen species and the induction of an inflammatory response. Furthermore, this review places special emphasis on methodological differences between experimental studies and the caveats associated with the dose metrics and points out ways to overcome inherent methodological problems.
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Chang CC, Hwang JS, Chan CC, Wang PY, Cheng TJ. Effects of concentrated ambient particles on heart rate, blood pressure, and cardiac contractility in spontaneously hypertensive rats during a dust storm event. Inhal Toxicol 2007; 19:973-8. [PMID: 17849281 DOI: 10.1080/08958370701515399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have suggested that cardiovascular mortality and morbidity increased during Asian dust events. The findings were still inconclusive though. We have shown an increased pulmonary toxicity in diseased animals during a dust storm event. However, the toxicity nature of dust storm particles remains unclear. It is our objective in this study to further investigate the cardiovascular effects of concentrated PM(2.5) on spontaneously hypertensive rats during the same dust storm event. Four spontaneously hypertensive rats were implanted with radiotelemetry transmitters at the age of 10 wk. Baseline heart rate, mean blood pressure, and cardiac contractility (measured as QA interval, QAI) data were collected 4 wk before. Exposure group received concentrated ambient particles inhalation for 6 h during a dust storm event, while the control group received room air inhalation at the same time. Self-control data were collected 4 wk after the event during the same clock hours while there was no dust storm. Gravimetric analysis showed a particle mass concentration of 315.55 microg/m(3) during the 6 h of exposure. A linear mixed-effects model revealed sigmoid increases in heart rate (to a maximum of 93.8 +/- 18.8 bpm) and mean blood pressure (to a maximum of 14.8 +/- 5.4 mm Hg), and a sigmoid decrease of QAI (to a maximum of - 3.5 +/- 1.5 ms) during the exposure after an initial incubation period. We conclude that concentrated dust storm particles, which are different from products of automobile combustion process, may cause adverse cardiovascular effects on diseased animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuen-Chau Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Mühlfeld C, Geiser M, Kapp N, Gehr P, Rothen-Rutishauser B. Re-evaluation of pulmonary titanium dioxide nanoparticle distribution using the "relative deposition index": Evidence for clearance through microvasculature. Part Fibre Toxicol 2007; 4:7. [PMID: 17727712 PMCID: PMC2018701 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-4-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2007] [Accepted: 08/29/2007] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Translocation of nanoparticles (NP) from the pulmonary airways into other pulmonary compartments or the systemic circulation is controversially discussed in the literature. In a previous study it was shown that titanium dioxide (TiO2) NP were "distributed in four lung compartments (air-filled spaces, epithelium/endothelium, connective tissue, capillary lumen) in correlation with compartment size". It was concluded that particles can move freely between these tissue compartments. To analyze whether the distribution of TiO2 NP in the lungs is really random or shows a preferential targeting we applied a newly developed method for comparing NP distributions. Methods Rat lungs exposed to an aerosol containing TiO2 NP were prepared for light and electron microscopy at 1 h and at 24 h after exposure. Numbers of TiO2 NP associated with each compartment were counted using energy filtering transmission electron microscopy. Compartment size was estimated by unbiased stereology from systematically sampled light micrographs. Numbers of particles were related to compartment size using a relative deposition index and chi-squared analysis. Results Nanoparticle distribution within the four compartments was not random at 1 h or at 24 h after exposure. At 1 h the connective tissue was the preferential target of the particles. At 24 h the NP were preferentially located in the capillary lumen. Conclusion We conclude that TiO2 NP do not move freely between pulmonary tissue compartments, although they can pass from one compartment to another with relative ease. The residence time of NP in each tissue compartment of the respiratory system depends on the compartment and the time after exposure. It is suggested that a small fraction of TiO2 NP are rapidly transported from the airway lumen to the connective tissue and subsequently released into the systemic circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Mühlfeld
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, CH-3000 Bern 9, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Geiser
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, CH-3000 Bern 9, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Kapp
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, CH-3000 Bern 9, Switzerland
| | - Peter Gehr
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, CH-3000 Bern 9, Switzerland
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Alfaro-Moreno E, Nawrot TS, Nemmar A, Nemery B. Particulate matter in the environment: pulmonary and cardiovascular effects. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2007; 13:98-106. [PMID: 17255799 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0b013e328013f47e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The mechanisms related to adverse respiratory and cardiovascular effects in populations exposed to particulate matter are under debate and different models have been used to further our understanding of the various aspects of those effects. In this review we present some studies that may give new insights into the cellular and systemic mechanisms related to particulate matter toxicity. RECENT FINDINGS Strong epidemiological evidence is now available regarding exposure markers and health effects. This is evident in the correlation between carbon content in macrophages and decrease in lung function, an increase in the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer and postnatal mortality. The role of outdoor temperature and a missing allele for GSTM1 and the impact of these factors on cardiovascular effects are also reported. At the experimental level, the effects of particulate matter and the interactions between different cell types, the role of toll-like receptor-2 and 4, the translocation of particles through cell monolayers and the activation of endothelial cells by particulate matter are also discussed. The role of composition is under intense debate, and different statistical analyses have been proposed. SUMMARY Experimental studies on the effects of particulate matter are giving plausibility to the epidemiological findings, but the possible mechanisms of action are also becoming a hot topic.
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Hansen CS, Sheykhzade M, Møller P, Folkmann JK, Amtorp O, Jonassen T, Loft S. Diesel exhaust particles induce endothelial dysfunction in apoE−/− mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2007; 219:24-32. [PMID: 17234226 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2006.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2006] [Revised: 09/18/2006] [Accepted: 10/26/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Particulate air pollution can aggravate cardiovascular disease by mechanisms suggested to involve translocation of particles to the bloodstream and impairment of endothelial function, possibly dependent on present atherosclerosis. AIM We investigated the effects of exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) in vivo and ex vivo on vasomotor functions in aorta from apoE(-/-) mice with slight atherosclerosis and from normal apoE(+/+) mice. METHODS DEP 0, 0.5 or 5 mg/kg bodyweight in saline was administered i.p. The mice were sacrificed 1 h later and aorta ring segments were mounted on wire myographs. Segments from unexposed mice were also incubated ex vivo with 0, 10 and 100 microg DEP/ml before measurement of vasomotor functions. RESULTS Exposure to 0.5 mg/kg DEP in vivo caused a decrease in the endothelium-dependent acetylcholine elicited vasorelaxation in apoE(-/-) mice, whereas the response was enhanced in apoE(+/+) mice. No significant change was observed after administration of 5 mg/kg DEP. In vivo DEP exposure did not affect constriction induced by K(+) or phenylephrine. In vitro exposure to 100 microg DEP/ml enhanced acetylcholine-induced relaxation and attenuated phenylephrine-induced constriction. Vasodilation induced by sodium nitroprusside was not affected by any DEP exposure. CONCLUSION Exposure to DEP has acute effect on vascular functions. Endothelial dysfunction possibly due to decreased NO production as suggested by decreased acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation and unchanged sodium nitroprusside response can be induced by DEP in vivo only in vessels of mice with some atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian S Hansen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Building 5B, 2nd Floor, 1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
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Nemmar A, Al-Maskari S, Ali BH, Al-Amri IS. Cardiovascular and lung inflammatory effects induced by systemically administered diesel exhaust particles in rats. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2006; 292:L664-70. [PMID: 17085524 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00240.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollution by particulates has consistently been associated with increased cardiorespiratory morbidity and mortality. It has been suggested that ultrafine particles, of which diesel exhaust particles (DEP) are significant contributors, are able to translocate from the airways into the bloodstream in vivo. In the present study, we assessed the effect of systemic administration of DEP on cardiovascular and respiratory parameters. DEP were administered into the tail vein of rats, and heart rate, blood pressure, blood platelet activation, and lung inflammation were studied 24 h later. Doses of 0.02, 0.1, or 0.5 mg DEP/kg (8, 42, or 212 microg DEP/rat) induced a significant decrease of heart rate and blood pressure compared with saline-treated rats. Although the number of platelets was not affected, all the doses of DEP caused a shortening of the bleeding time. Similarly, in addition to triggering lung edema, the bronchoalveolar lavage analysis revealed the presence of neutrophil influx in DEP-treated rats in a dose-dependent manner. We conclude that the presence of DEP in the systemic circulation leads not only to cardiovascular and haemostatic changes but it also triggers pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahim Nemmar
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Sultanate of Oman.
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Chen J, Tan M, Nemmar A, Song W, Dong M, Zhang G, Li Y. Quantification of extrapulmonary translocation of intratracheal-instilled particles in vivo in rats: effect of lipopolysaccharide. Toxicology 2006; 222:195-201. [PMID: 16584826 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2006.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2006] [Revised: 02/16/2006] [Accepted: 02/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Particulate air pollution is associated with respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, important uncertainties remain in the quantification of extrapulmonary translocation of ultrafine particles into blood circulation. Therefore, the widely used radioiodinated technique was applied to radiolabel polystyrene particles with an average diameter of 56.4 and 202 nm, respectively. The extrapulmonary distribution of these particles (3.7 x 10(5) Bq/rat) was quantified at 0.5, 2, 24 and 120 h after intratracheal instillation in rats. Moreover, we have taken into account the possible involvement of pulmonary inflammation in this process. Rats which received a single intratracheal instillation of free 125I or a single intravenous injection of labeled ultrafine particles served as control. The results indicated that the pulmonary deposition of radioactivity was almost unchanged for both sizes. Only small amounts of radioactivity (1.64-2.49%) were recovered in blood shortly after administration of both types of particle, in healthy rats. However, the extent of particle translocation into the blood of the ultrafine size following the pretreatment with lipopolysaccharides was significantly higher (from 1.96 +/- 0.67 to 4.73 +/- 0.31%) compared to larger particles (from 2.19 +/- 0.77 to 2.21 +/- 0.64%). In conclusion, our findings suggest that only a small fraction of intratracheal-instilled ultrafine particles can pass rapidly into systemic circulation, but this translocation is markedly increased following LPS pretreatment. Thus, pulmonary inflammation seems to play a major role in enhancing the extrapulmonary translocation of particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
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Meiring JJ, Borm PJA, Bagate K, Semmler M, Seitz J, Takenaka S, Kreyling WG. The influence of hydrogen peroxide and histamine on lung permeability and translocation of iridium nanoparticles in the isolated perfused rat lung. Part Fibre Toxicol 2005; 2:3. [PMID: 15982423 PMCID: PMC1180470 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2004] [Accepted: 06/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Translocation of ultrafine particles (UFP) into the blood that returns from the lungs to the heart has been forwarded as a mechanism for particle-induced cardiovascular effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of the endothelial barrier in the translocation of inhaled UFP from the lung into circulation. Methods The isolated perfused rat lung (IPRL) was used under negative pressure ventilation, and radioactive iridium particles (18 nm, CMD, 192Ir-UFP) were inhaled during 60 minutes to achieve a lung burden of 100 – 200 μg. Particle inhalation was done under following treatments: i) control perfusion, ii) histamine (1 μM in perfusate, iii) luminal histamine instillation (1 mM), and iv) luminal instillation of H2O2. Particle translocation to the perfusate was assessed by the radioactivity of 192Ir isotope. Lung permeability by the use of Tc99m-labeled diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA). In addition to light microscopic morphological evaluation of fixed lungs, alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) in perfusate were measured to assess epithelial and endothelial integrity. Results Particle distribution in the lung was homogenous and similar to in vivo conditions. No translocation of Ir particles at negative pressure inhalation was detected in control IPL, but lungs pretreated with histamine (1 μM) in the perfusate or with luminal H2O2 (0.5 mM) showed small amounts of radioactivity (2–3 % dose) in the single pass perfusate starting at 60 min of perfusion. Although the kinetics of particle translocation were different from permeability for 99mTc-DTPA, the pretreatments (H2O2, vascular histamine) caused similar changes in the translocation of particles and soluble mediator. Increased translocation through epithelium and endothelium with a lag time of one hour occurred in the absence of epithelial and endothelial damage. Conclusion Permeability of the lung barrier to UFP or nanoparticles is controlled both at the epithelial and endothelial level. Conditions that affect this barrier function such as inflammation may affect translocation of NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Meiring
- Particle Research Core, Institute für Umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF) an der Heinrich-Heine Universität gGmbH, Auf'm Hennekamp 50 D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Paul JA Borm
- Particle Research Core, Institute für Umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF) an der Heinrich-Heine Universität gGmbH, Auf'm Hennekamp 50 D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Centre of Expertise in Life Sciences (CEL), Zuyd University, PO Box 550, 6400 AN HEERLEN, The Netherlands
| | - Karim Bagate
- Particle Research Core, Institute für Umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF) an der Heinrich-Heine Universität gGmbH, Auf'm Hennekamp 50 D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Manuela Semmler
- GSF Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Institute for Inhalation Biology & Focus Network Aerosols and Health, D-85746 Neuherberg / München, Germany
| | - Jürgen Seitz
- GSF Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Institute for Inhalation Biology & Focus Network Aerosols and Health, D-85746 Neuherberg / München, Germany
| | - Shinji Takenaka
- GSF Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Institute for Inhalation Biology & Focus Network Aerosols and Health, D-85746 Neuherberg / München, Germany
| | - Wolfgang G Kreyling
- GSF Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Institute for Inhalation Biology & Focus Network Aerosols and Health, D-85746 Neuherberg / München, Germany
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