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Zhao M, Yin N, Yang R, Li S, Zhang S, Faiola F. Assessment and Comparison of Early Developmental Toxicity of Six Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances with Human Embryonic Stem Cell Models. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:8215-8227. [PMID: 38687897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are extensively utilized in varieties of products and tend to accumulate in the human body including umbilical cord blood and embryos/fetuses. In this study, we conducted an assessment and comparison of the potential early developmental toxicity of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), undecafluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), heptafluorobutyric acid, perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorohexanesulfonate, and perfluorobutyric acid at noncytotoxic concentrations relevant to human exposure using models based on human embryonic stem cells in both three-dimensional embryoid body (EB) and monolayer differentiation configurations. All six compounds influenced the determination of cell fate by disrupting the expression of associated markers in both models and, in some instances, even led to alterations in the formation of cystic EBs. The expression of cilia-related gene IFT122 was significantly inhibited. Additionally, PFOS and PFOA inhibited ciliogenesis, while PFOA specifically reduced the cilia length. Transcriptome analysis revealed that PFOS altered 1054 genes and disrupted crucial signaling pathways such as WNT and TGF-β, which play integral roles in cilia transduction and are critical for early embryonic development. These results provide precise and comprehensive insights into the potential adverse health effects of these six PFAS compounds directly concerning early human embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nuoya Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Renjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shichang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuxian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Francesco Faiola
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Zhao M, Yin N, Yang R, Li S, Zhang S, Faiola F. Understanding the effects of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances on early skin development: Role of ciliogenesis inhibition and altered microtubule dynamics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169702. [PMID: 38163615 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of highly stable chemicals, widely used in everyday products, and widespread in the environment, even in pregnant women. While epidemiological studies have linked prenatal exposure to PFAS with atopic dermatitis in children, little is known about their toxic effects on skin development, especially during the embryonic stage. In this study, we utilized human embryonic stem cells to generate non-neural ectoderm (NNE) cells and exposed them to six PFAS (perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), undecafluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), heptafluorobutyric acid (PFBA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) and perfluorobutyric acid (PFBS)) during the differentiation process to assess their toxicity to early skin development. Our results showed that PFOS altered the spindle-like morphology of NNE cells to a pebble-like morphology, and disrupted several NNE markers, including KRT16, SMYD1, and WISP1. The six PFAS had a high potential to cause hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) by disrupting the expression levels of HED-relevant genes. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that PFOS treatment produced the highest number (1156) of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among the six PFAS, including the keratinocyte-related genes KRT6A, KRT17, KRT18, KRT24, KRT40, and KRT81. Additionally, we found that PFOS treatment disturbed several signaling pathways that are involved in regulating skin cell fate decisions and differentiation, including TGF-β, NOTCH, Hedgehog, and Hippo signaling pathways. Interestingly, we discovered that PFOS inhibited, by partially interfering with the expression of cytoskeleton-related genes, the ciliogenesis of NNE cells, which is crucial for the intercellular transduction of the above-mentioned signaling pathways. Overall, our study suggests that PFAS can inhibit ciliogenesis and hamper the transduction of important signaling pathways, leading potential congenital skin diseases. It sheds light on the underlying mechanisms of early embryonic skin developmental toxicity and provides an explanation for the epidemiological data on PFAS. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: We employed a model based on human embryonic stem cells to demonstrate that PFOS has the potential to elevate the risk of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. This is achieved by targeting cilia, inhibiting ciliogenesis, and subsequently disrupting crucial signaling pathways like TGF-β, NOTCH, Hedgehog, and Hippo, during the early phases of embryonic skin development. Our study highlights the dangers and potential impacts of six PFAS pollutants on human skin development. Additionally, we emphasize the importance of closely considering PFHxA, PFBA, PFHxS, and PFBS, as they have shown the capacity to modify gene expression levels, albeit to a lesser degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nuoya Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Renjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shichang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuxian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Francesco Faiola
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Ismail T, Lee HK, Lee H, Kim Y, Kim E, Lee JY, Kim KB, Ryu HY, Cho DH, Kwon TK, Park TJ, Kwon T, Lee HS. Early life exposure to perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) impacts vital biological processes in Xenopus laevis: Integrated morphometric and transcriptomic analyses. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 269:115820. [PMID: 38103469 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant associated with increasing health concerns and environmental hazards. Toxicological analyses of PFOS exposure are hampered by large interspecies variations and limited studies on the mechanistic details of PFOS-induced toxicity. We investigated the effects of PFOS exposure on Xenopus laevis embryos based on the reported developmental effects in zebrafish. X. laevis was selected to further our understanding of interspecies variation in response to PFOS, and we built upon previous studies by including transcriptomics and an assessment of ciliogenic effects. Midblastula-stage X. laevis embryos were exposed to PFOS using the frog embryo teratogenesis assay Xenopus (FETAX). Results showed teratogenic effects of PFOS in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The morphological abnormalities of skeleton deformities, a small head, and a miscoiled gut were associated with changes in gene expression evidenced by whole-mount in situ hybridization and transcriptomics. The transcriptomic profile of PFOS-exposed embryos indicated the perturbation in the expression of genes associated with cell death, and downregulation in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) biosynthesis. Moreover, we observed the effects of PFOS exposure on cilia development as a reduction in the number of multiciliated cells and changes in the directionality and velocity of the cilia-driven flow. Collectively, these data broaden the molecular understanding of PFOS-induced developmental effects, whereby ciliary dysfunction and disrupted ATP synthesis are implicated as the probable modes of action of embryotoxicity. Furthermore, our findings present a new challenge to understand the links between PFOS-induced developmental toxicity and vital biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayaba Ismail
- KNU LAMP Research Center, KNU, Institute of Basic Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Lee
- KNU LAMP Research Center, KNU, Institute of Basic Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongchan Lee
- KNU LAMP Research Center, KNU, Institute of Basic Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Youni Kim
- KNU LAMP Research Center, KNU, Institute of Basic Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjeong Kim
- KNU LAMP Research Center, KNU, Institute of Basic Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Yeong Lee
- KNU LAMP Research Center, KNU, Institute of Basic Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee-Beom Kim
- KNU LAMP Research Center, KNU, Institute of Basic Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Yeoul Ryu
- KNU LAMP Research Center, KNU, Institute of Basic Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyung Cho
- KNU LAMP Research Center, KNU, Institute of Basic Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Joo Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Information-Bio Convergence, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Taejoon Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information-Bio Convergence, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Shik Lee
- KNU LAMP Research Center, KNU, Institute of Basic Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Saitoh D, Kawaguchi K, Asano S, Inui T, Marunaka Y, Nakahari T. Enhancement of airway ciliary beating mediated via voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels/α7-nicotinic receptors in mice. Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:1091-1106. [PMID: 35819489 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02724-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholine (ACh), which activates muscarinic ACh receptors (mAChRs) and nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs), enhances airway ciliary beating by increasing the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). The mechanisms enhancing airway ciliary beating by nAChRs have remained largely unknown, although those by mAChRs are well understood. In this study, we focused on the effects of α7-nAChRs and voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (CaVs) on the airway ciliary beating. The activities of ciliary beating were assessed by frequency (CBF, ciliary beat frequency) and amplitude (CBD, ciliary bend distance) measured by high-speed video microscopy. ACh enhanced CBF and CBD by 25% mediated by an [Ca2+]i increase stimulated by mAChRs and α7-nAChRs (a subunit of nAChR) in airway ciliary cells of mice. Experiments using PNU282987 (an agonist of α7-nAChR) and MLA (an inhibitor of α7-nAChR) revealed that CBF and CBD enhanced by α7-nAChR are approximately 50% of those enhanced by ACh. CBF, CBD, and [Ca2+]i enhanced by α7-nAChRs were inhibited by nifedipine, suggesting activation of CaVs by α7-nAChRs. Experiments using a high K+ solution with/without nifedipine (155.5 mM K+) showed that the activation of CaVs enhances CBF and CBD via an [Ca2+]i increase. Immunofluorescence and immunoblotting studies demonstrated that Cav1.2 and α7-nAChR are expressed in airway cilia. Moreover, IL-13 stimulated MLA-sensitive increases in CBF and CBD in airway ciliary cells, suggesting an autocrine regulation of ciliary beating by CaV1.2/α7-nAChR/ACh. In conclusion, a novel Ca2+ signalling pathway in airway cilia, CaV1.2/α7-nAChR, enhances CBF and CBD and activates mucociliary clearance maintaining healthy airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Saitoh
- Research Laboratory for Epithelial Physiology, Research Organization of Science and Technology, BKC Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, BKC, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Kotoku Kawaguchi
- Research Laboratory for Epithelial Physiology, Research Organization of Science and Technology, BKC Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, BKC, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Shinji Asano
- Research Laboratory for Epithelial Physiology, Research Organization of Science and Technology, BKC Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, BKC, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Toshio Inui
- Research Laboratory for Epithelial Physiology, Research Organization of Science and Technology, BKC Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
- Saisei Mirai Clinics, Moriguchi, 570-0012, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Marunaka
- Research Laboratory for Epithelial Physiology, Research Organization of Science and Technology, BKC Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
- Medical Research Institute, Kyoto Industrial Health Association, Kyoto, 604-8472, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakahari
- Research Laboratory for Epithelial Physiology, Research Organization of Science and Technology, BKC Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan.
- Medical Research Institute, Kyoto Industrial Health Association, Kyoto, 604-8472, Japan.
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Huang J, Sun L, Mennigen JA, Liu Y, Liu S, Zhang M, Wang Q, Tu W. Developmental toxicity of the novel PFOS alternative OBS in developing zebrafish: An emphasis on cilia disruption. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 409:124491. [PMID: 33223314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, sodium p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate (OBS) has emerged as a substitute for PFOS with large demand and application in the Chinese market. However, little is known about potential developmental effects of OBS. In this study, zebrafish embryos were acutely exposed to different concentrations of OBS and the positive control PFOS for a comparative developmental toxicity assessment. OBS caused hatching delays, body axis curvature, neurobehavioral inhibition and abnormal cardiovascular development. These organismal effects were accompanied by change of development related genes expression profile, in which some cases were similar to PFOS. Overall, the toxic effects induced by OBS were generally milder than that of PFOS. Further investigation suggested that both OBS and PFOS disrupted ciliogenesis, evidenced by the ciliary immunostaining, changes in gene expression of kinesin family, dynein arm family and tubulin family members, as well as downregulation of the abundance of motor proteins including KIF3C, DYNC1H1 and DYNC1LI1. The influence of PFOS was stronger than that of OBS on ciliary genes and proteins. Molecular docking analysis revealed that both OBS and PFOS fitted into the motor proteins tightly, but binding affinity between OBS and motor proteins was lower than PFOS. Collectively, OBS and PFOS may act on ciliary motor proteins to interfere with ciliogenesis, leading to ciliary dysfunction and providing a novel probable action mode linked to developmental toxicity. This raises concerns regarding the health risks of the novel PFOS alternative OBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China
| | - Liwei Sun
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | | | - Yu Liu
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China
| | - Qiyu Wang
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China.
| | - Wenqing Tu
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China.
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Kogiso H, Hosogi S, Ikeuchi Y, Tanaka S, Inui T, Marunaka Y, Nakahari T. [Ca 2+ ] i modulation of cAMP-stimulated ciliary beat frequency via PDE1 in airway ciliary cells of mice. Exp Physiol 2018; 103:381-390. [PMID: 29282782 DOI: 10.1113/ep086681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? The ciliary beat frequency (CBF) of the airway is controlled by [Ca2+ ]i . However, the effects of a reduction in [Ca2+ ]i on CBF are still controversial (an increase, a decrease or no change). What is the main finding and its importance? This study demonstrated that [Ca2+ ]i directly regulates CBF (direct action) and also indirectly regulates CBF via cAMP accumulation controlled by Ca2+ -dependent PDE1 activity (indirect action). The final CBF is determined by the balance of direct and indirect actions. PDE1 plays crucial roles in the regulation of airway CBF. ABSTRACT: [Ca2+ ]i plays crucial roles in the regulation of ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and ciliary bend angle (CBA) of airway cilia. Moreover, Ca2+ -dependent PDE1A existing in the CBF-regulating metabolon of cilia modifies the CBF by regulating the cAMP accumulation. This study demonstrated that the CBF is regulated by a direct and an indirect action of [Ca2+ ]i ; the direct action changes CBF mediated via [Ca2+ ]i , and the indirect action changes CBF mediated via cAMP, the accumulation of which is controlled by PDE1 activity. Upon reducing [Ca2+ ]i to various levels, the direct action decreases CBF and the indirect action increases CBF. The final CBF is determined by the extent of cAMP accumulation, which is determined by the amount of inhibition of PDE1 activity, dependent on a reduction in [Ca2+ ]i ; a slight decrease induced by a nominally Ca2+ -free solution (no cAMP accumulation via PDE1) decreases CBF, and an extreme decrease induced by 50 μm BAPTA-AM increases CBF via cAMP accumulation by inhibiting PDE1 in a similar manner to a PDE1 inhibitor (8MmIBMX). The increase in CBA in response to a reduction in [Ca2+ ]i is smaller than the increase in CBF, because no PDE1A exists in the CBA-regulating metabolon. On the contrary, an increase in [Ca2+ ]i induced by ionomycin, which decreases cAMP accumulation by PDE1A activation, caused a slower procaterol-stimulated increase in CBF than that decreased by a Ca2+ -free solution. A decrease in [Ca2+ ]i stimulates cAMP accumulation, whereas an increase in [Ca2+ ]i inhibits cAMP accumulation in airway ciliary cells. Thus, changes in [Ca2+ ]i modulate CBF and CBA via cAMP accumulation by controlling the activity of PDE1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Kogiso
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigekuni Hosogi
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukiko Ikeuchi
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Saori Tanaka
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Toshio Inui
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Saisei Mirai Clinics, Moriguchi, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Marunaka
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Bio-Ionomics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Japan Institute for Food and Health, St Agnes' University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakahari
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Bio-Ionomics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Japan Institute for Food and Health, St Agnes' University, Kyoto, Japan
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7
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Tsuji T, Matsuo K, Nakahari T, Marunaka Y, Yokoyama T. Structural basis of the Inv compartment and ciliary abnormalities in Inv/nphp2 mutant mice. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2015; 73:45-56. [PMID: 26615802 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The primary cilium is a hair like structure protruding from most mammalian cells. The basic design of the primary cilium consists of a nine microtubule doublet structure (the axoneme). The Inv compartment, a distinct proximal segment of the ciliary body, is defined as the region in which the Inv protein is localized. Inv gene is a responsible gene for human nephronophthisis type2 (NPHP2). Here, we show that renal cilia have a short proximal microtubule doublet region and a long distal microtubule singlet region. The length of the Inv compartment was similar to that of the microtubule doublet region, suggesting a possibility that the doublet region is the structural basis of the Inv compartment. Respiratory cilia of inv mouse mutants had ciliary rootlet malformation and showed reduced ciliary beating frequency and ciliary beating angle, which may explain recurrent bronchitis in NPHP2 patients. In multiciliated tracheal cells, most Inv proteins were retained in the basal body and did not accumulate in the Inv compartment. These results suggest that the machinery to transport and retain Inv in cilia is different between renal and tracheal cilia and that Inv may function in the basal body of tracheal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Tsuji
- Division of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Matsuo
- Division of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakahari
- Division of Molecular Cell Physiology, Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Marunaka
- Division of Molecular Cell Physiology, Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Takahiko Yokoyama
- Division of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
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A Northern contaminant mixture impairs pancreas function in obese and lean JCR rats and inhibits insulin secretion in MIN6 cells. Toxicology 2015; 334:81-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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9
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Fujii Y, Niisoe T, Harada KH, Uemoto S, Ogura Y, Takenaka K, Koizumi A. Toxicokinetics of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids with different carbon chain lengths in mice and humans. J Occup Health 2015; 57:1-12. [DOI: 10.1539/joh.14-0136-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Fujii
- Department of Health and Environmental SciencesKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineJapan
| | - Tamon Niisoe
- Department of Health and Environmental SciencesKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineJapan
| | - Kouji H. Harada
- Department of Health and Environmental SciencesKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineJapan
| | - Shinji Uemoto
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Pancreas and Transplant SurgeryKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineJapan
| | | | | | - Akio Koizumi
- Department of Health and Environmental SciencesKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineJapan
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10
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Narumoto O, Niikura Y, Ishii S, Morihara H, Okashiro S, Nakahari T, Nakano T, Matsumura H, Shimamoto C, Moriwaki Y, Misawa H, Yamashita N, Nagase T, Kawashima K, Yamashita N. Effect of secreted lymphocyte antigen-6/urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor-related peptide-1 (SLURP-1) on airway epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 438:175-9. [PMID: 23876317 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholine (ACh) exerts various anti-inflammatory effects through α7 nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs). We have previously shown that secreted lymphocyte antigen-6/urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor-related peptide-1 (SLURP-1), a positive allosteric modulator of α7 nAChR signaling, is down-regulated both in an animal model of asthma and in human epithelial cells treated with an inflammatory cytokine related to asthma. Our aim of this study was to explore the effect of SLURP-1, signal through α7 nAChR, in the pathophysiology of airway inflammation. Cytokine production was examined using human epithelial cells. Ciliary beat frequency of murine trachea was measured using a high speed camera. The IL-6 and TNF-α production by human epithelial cells was augmented by siRNA of SLURP-1 and α7 nicotinic ACh receptor. The cytokine production was also dose-dependently suppressed by human recombinant SLURP-1 (rSLURP-1). The ciliary beat frequency and amplitude of murine epithelial cells were augmented by PNU282987, a selective α7 nAChR agonist. Those findings suggested that SLURP-1 and stimulus through α7 nicotinic ACh receptors actively controlled asthmatic condition by stimulating ciliary beating and also by suppressing airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Narumoto
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Spachmo B, Arukwe A. Endocrine and developmental effects in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) exposed to perfluorooctane sulfonic or perfluorooctane carboxylic acids. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 108:112-124. [PMID: 22265611 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we have investigated the effect of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) on endocrine signalling, growth and development in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) embryos and larvae. Expression of genes related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, growth-hormone/insulin-like growth factor (GH/IGF) axis and the steroid hormone axis were used as indicators of endocrine disruption. We also studied bone development in larvae, both by observing skeletal structure formation and by investigating expression of genes involved in ossification process. Atlantic salmon embryos, kept in plastic tanks at 5-7°C, were exposed to 100 μg/L PFOA or PFOS from egg stage for a period of 52 days, followed by one-week recovery period. Sampling was performed at day 21, 35, 49 and 56 representing age 549, 597, 679 and 721 dd (dd or day degrees = number of days × temperature in degree Celsius:°C). Note that day 56 or 721 dd is the end of the 1-week recovery period. Larvae were divided into designated head and body regions for the purpose of gene expression analysis, except for genes that regulate ossification that were analyzed in whole larvae. Expression of thyroid receptor α and β (TRα and TRβ), thyroid-stimulating hormone β (TSHβ), T(4) outer-ring deiodinase (T(4)ORD), growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-I and II (IGF-I and II), insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR), and estrogen receptor α and β (ERα and ERβ) were investigated using quantitative PCR. Both PFOS and PFOA exposure produced non-significant alterations in larvae weight (except after the recovery period when a decrease was observed), while larvae length was unaffected. PFOS and PFOA exposure produced body- and head region-specific alterations in expression of all the investigated gene transcripts. Expression of IGF-I and IGF-IR paralleled that of GH, indicating that perturbation of GH expression is a possible end point for disruption of the GH-IGF axis. We did not observe developmental changes related to angiogenesis, ossification and chondrogenesis after exposure to PFOS and PFOA. Transcriptional abnormalities may serve as indicators of chronic exposure, although the concrete mechanisms causing the observed effects remain ambiguous. The implications of these findings for the complete lifecycle, including other developmental and/or reproductive damage, are areas of future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bård Spachmo
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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12
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Zhao H, Chen C, Zhang X, Chen J, Quan X. Phytotoxicity of PFOS and PFOA to Brassica chinensis in different Chinese soils. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2011; 74:1343-1347. [PMID: 21440938 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
PFOS and PFOA are potential persistent organic pollutants that have raised many concerns in recent years. Research focusing on phytotoxicity of PFOS and PFOA to higher plants is necessary for their risk assessments. However, few toxicity data exist for PFOS or PFOA and higher plants. Here we investigated phytotoxicity of PFOS and PFOA to Brassica chinensis root growth in six different Chinese soils varying widely in soil properties using a standardized root length assay. The effective concentrations of added PFOS and PFOA causing 50% inhibition (EC₅₀) ranged from 95 to > 200 mg kg⁻¹ for PFOS and from 107 to 246 mg kg⁻¹ for PFOA, respectively, representing more than 2.1- and 2.3-fold variation among the tested soils. Regressions of soil PFOS and PFOA toxicity threshold values (EC(x) and NOECs) with various soil properties showed that the amount of organic matter was the most significant factor affecting their toxicity to B. chinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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13
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Nakahari T, Nishimura A, Shimamoto C, Sakai A, Kuwabara H, Nakano T, Tanaka S, Kohda Y, Matsumura H, Mori H. The regulation of ciliary beat frequency by ovarian steroids in the guinea pig Fallopian tube: interactions between oestradiol and progesterone. Biomed Res 2011; 32:321-8. [DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.32.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Nishimura A, Sakuma K, Shimamoto C, Ito S, Nakano T, Daikoku E, Ohmichi M, Ushiroyama T, Ueki M, Kuwabara H, Mori H, Nakahari T. Ciliary beat frequency controlled by oestradiol and progesterone during ovarian cycle in guinea-pig Fallopian tube. Exp Physiol 2010; 95:819-28. [DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2010.052555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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15
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Francis RJB, Chatterjee B, Loges NT, Zentgraf H, Omran H, Lo CW. Initiation and maturation of cilia-generated flow in newborn and postnatal mouse airway. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2009; 296:L1067-75. [PMID: 19346437 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00001.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucociliary clearance in the adult trachea is well characterized, but there are limited data in newborns. Cilia-generated flow was quantified across longitudinal sections of mouse trachea from birth through postnatal day (PND) 28 by tracking fluorescent microsphere speed and directionality. The percentage of ciliated tracheal epithelial cells, as determined by immunohistochemistry, was shown to increase linearly between PND 0 and PND 21 (R(2) = 0.94). While directionality measurements detected patches of flow starting at PND 3, uniform flow across the epithelia was not observed until PND 7 at a approximately 35% ciliated cell density. Flow became established at a maximal rate at PND 9 and beyond. A linear correlation was observed between the percentage of ciliated cells versus flow speed (R(2) = 0.495) and directionality (R(2) = 0.975) between PND 0 and PND 9. Cilia beat frequency (CBF) was higher at PND 0 than at all subsequent time points, but cilia beat waveform was not noticeably different. Tracheal epithelia from a mouse model of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) harboring a Mdnah5 mutation showed that ciliated cell density was unaffected, but no cilia-generated flow was detected. Cilia in mutant airways were either immotile or with slow dyssynchronous beat and abnormal ciliary waveform. Overall, our studies showed that the initiation of cilia-generated flow is directly correlated with an increase in epithelial ciliation, with the measurement of directionality being more sensitive than speed for detecting flow. The higher CBF observed in newborn epithelia suggests unique physiology in the newborn trachea, indicating possible clinical relevance to the pathophysiology of respiratory distress seen in newborn PCD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J B Francis
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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16
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Harada KH, Koizumi A. Environmental and biological monitoring of persistent fluorinated compounds in Japan and their toxicities. Environ Health Prev Med 2009; 14:7-19. [PMID: 19568863 PMCID: PMC2684769 DOI: 10.1007/s12199-008-0058-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2008] [Accepted: 10/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) comprise a class of per- and poly-fluorinated compounds that have been detected in the environment as well as in humans. The aim of this review is to summarize several monitoring studies in Japan and characterize the toxicokinetics of these compounds. We found that the levels of contamination by these compounds had unique patterns in Japan. The levels of PFOA in serum from inhabitants of the Kansai region were higher than those of other regions. The PFOA levels in air and water samples from the Kansai region were also relatively high. The estimated intakes from these routes partly explain the differences in the serum levels. The toxicokinetics of these compounds have been investigated. Serum samples from male participants had significantly higher geometric means for PFOS and PFOA compared to samples from female participants. This sex-related difference was partly simulated by menstrual blood loss. There are large interspecies differences in the excretion pathways of these compounds. The serum clearances of PFOA via urine were 300-1,000-fold lower in humans than in Wistar rats and Japanese macaques. On the other hand, the biliary excretion of these compounds was comparable in rats and humans, and the long half-lives in humans may be attributable to the low levels of urinary excretion and high biliary reabsorption rates. These findings suggest that qualitative differences in the excretion routes exist between humans and other species. For risk assessment of these compounds, further information regarding sources of exposure and their toxicokinetics is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouji H Harada
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan,
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17
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Fuentes S, Vicens P, Colomina MT, Domingo JL. Behavioral effects in adult mice exposed to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). Toxicology 2007; 242:123-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2007.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2007] [Revised: 09/11/2007] [Accepted: 09/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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