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Yang Y, Wei X, Ying M, Huang H, Sha Y, Hong X, Xiao P, Tao G. Natural Pyrethrin-Induced Oxidative Damage in Human Liver Cells through Nrf-2 Signaling Pathway. TOXICS 2024; 12:258. [PMID: 38668481 PMCID: PMC11053901 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12040258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Natural pyrethrins (NPs), one kind of bio-pesticide, have been widely used in organic agriculture and ecological environment studies. Studies have shown that NPs may affect the metabolism of rat liver and human hepatocytes; nevertheless, the toxic effects of NPs on the liver and the related mechanisms are still incompletely understood. In this research, we utilized three types of human liver cells to investigate the mechanism of NPs' induction of oxidative stress. The results showed that NPs exhibit noteworthy cytotoxic effects on human liver cells. These effects are characterized by the induction of LDH release, mitochondrial collapse, and an increased production of ROS and MDA content, subsequently activating the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1/Nuclear factor erythroid 2- related factor 2 (Keap1/Nrf-2) pathway. The ROS inhibitor N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) can alleviate ROS/Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress. In addition, the siRNA knockdown of Nrf-2 exacerbated the injury, including ROS production, and inhibited cell viability. In summary, the ROS-mediated Keap1/Nrf-2 pathway could be an important regulator of NP-induced damage in human liver cells, which further illustrates the hepatotoxicity of NPs and thereby contributes to the scientific basis for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yang
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China; (Y.Y.); (M.Y.); (Y.S.); (X.H.)
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wei
- Department of Food Science, College of Hospitality of Management, Shanghai Business School, Shanghai 200235, China;
| | - Mengchao Ying
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China; (Y.Y.); (M.Y.); (Y.S.); (X.H.)
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Haiyan Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China;
| | - Yijie Sha
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China; (Y.Y.); (M.Y.); (Y.S.); (X.H.)
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xinyu Hong
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China; (Y.Y.); (M.Y.); (Y.S.); (X.H.)
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Ping Xiao
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China; (Y.Y.); (M.Y.); (Y.S.); (X.H.)
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Gonghua Tao
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China; (Y.Y.); (M.Y.); (Y.S.); (X.H.)
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, Shanghai 200233, China
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2
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Yamada T, Cohen SM, Lake BG. Critical evaluation of the human relevance of the mode of action for rodent liver tumor formation by activators of the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). Crit Rev Toxicol 2021; 51:373-394. [PMID: 34264181 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2021.1939654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Many nongenotoxic chemicals have been shown to produce liver tumors in mice and/or rats by a mode of action (MOA) involving activation of the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). Studies with phenobarbital (PB) and other compounds have identified the key events for this MOA: CAR activation; increased hepatocellular proliferation; altered foci formation; and ultimately the development of adenomas/carcinomas. In terms of human relevance, the pivotal species difference is that CAR activators are mitogenic agents in mouse and rat hepatocytes, but they do not stimulate increased hepatocellular proliferation in humans. This conclusion is supported by substantial in vitro studies with cultured rodent and human hepatocytes and also by in vivo studies with chimeric mice with human hepatocytes. Examination of the literature reveals many similarities in the hepatic effects and species differences between activators of rodent CAR and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), with PPARα activators also not being mitogenic agents in human hepatocytes. Overall, a critical analysis of the available data demonstrates that the established MOA for rodent liver tumor formation by PB and other CAR activators is qualitatively not plausible for humans. This conclusion is supported by data from several human epidemiology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Yamada
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Company, Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Samuel M Cohen
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Havlik-Wall Professor of Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Brian G Lake
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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3
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Goettel M, Fegert I, Honarvar N, Vardy A, Haines C, Chatham LR, Lake BG. Comparative studies on the effects of sodium phenobarbital and two other constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) activators on induction of cytochrome P450 enzymes and replicative DNA synthesis in cultured hepatocytes from wild type and CAR knockout rats. Toxicology 2020; 433-434:152394. [PMID: 32027962 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Nongenotoxic chemicals can produce liver tumours in rats and mice by a mitogenic mode of action involving activation of the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of cultured hepatocytes from normal (wild type; WT) and CAR knockout (KO) rats to screen compounds as potential activators of rat CAR and to validate this test system. Cultured hepatocytes from male Sprague-Dawley WT and CAR KO rats were treated with either 100 and 1000 μM sodium phenobarbital (NaPB), 3-100 μM fluquinconazole (FQZ), or 3-300 μM 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-(3´,4´,6-trifluoro[1,1´-biphenyl]-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (TI1) for 96 h. Induction of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes was monitored by measurement of 7-pentoxyresorufin O-depentylase (PROD), 7-benzyloxyresorufin O-debenzylase (BROD) and 7-benzyloxyquinoline O-debenzylase (BQ) activities. Hepatocytes undergoing replicative DNA synthesis (RDS) were labelled by adding 10 μM 5-bromo-2´-deoxyuridine to the culture medium for determination of the hepatocyte labelling index. The treatment of WT, but not of CAR KO, rat hepatocytes with NaPB, FQZ and TI1 increased hepatocyte RDS and induced CYP2B-dependent PROD activity. In contrast, all three compounds increased CYP2B/3A-dependent BROD and CYP3A-dependent BQ activities in both WT and CAR KO rat hepatocytes. Hepatocyte RDS was increased in both WT and CAR KO rat hepatocytes by treatment with 25 ng/ml epidermal growth factor as a positive control. Overall, these results demonstrate that the effects of three CAR activators on RDS and CYP2B enzyme induction are abolished in cultured CAR KO rat hepatocytes. As demonstrated by this validation study, the CAR KO hepatocyte model is a useful in vitro mechanistic tool for the rapid screening of chemicals as potential activators of rat CAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Goettel
- BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany.
| | - Ivana Fegert
- BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | | | - Audrey Vardy
- Concept Life Sciences (formerly CXR Biosciences Ltd.), 2, James Lindsay Place, Dundee Technopole, Dundee DD1 5JJ, United Kingdom
| | - Corinne Haines
- Concept Life Sciences (formerly CXR Biosciences Ltd.), 2, James Lindsay Place, Dundee Technopole, Dundee DD1 5JJ, United Kingdom
| | - Lynsey R Chatham
- Concept Life Sciences (formerly CXR Biosciences Ltd.), 2, James Lindsay Place, Dundee Technopole, Dundee DD1 5JJ, United Kingdom
| | - Brian G Lake
- Concept Life Sciences (formerly CXR Biosciences Ltd.), 2, James Lindsay Place, Dundee Technopole, Dundee DD1 5JJ, United Kingdom; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
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Yamada T. Case examples of an evaluation of the human relevance of the pyrethroids/pyrethrins-induced liver tumours in rodents based on the mode of action. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 7:681-696. [PMID: 30090614 PMCID: PMC6062351 DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00288b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rodent carcinogenicity studies are useful for screening for human carcinogens but they are not perfect. Some modes of action (MOAs) lead to cancers in both experimental rodents and humans, but others that lead to cancers in rodents do not do so in humans. Therefore, analysing the MOAs by which chemicals produce tumours in rodents and determining the relevance of such tumour data for human risk are critical. Recently, experimental data were obtained as case examples of an evaluation of the human relevance of pyrethroid (metofluthrin and momfluorothrin)- and pyrethrins-induced liver tumours in rats based on MOA. The MOA analysis, based on the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) framework, concluded that experimental data strongly support that the postulated MOA for metofluthrin-, momfluorothrin- and pyrethrins-produced rat hepatocellular tumours is mediated by constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) activation. Since metofluthrin and momfluorothrin are close structural analogues, reproducible outcomes for both chemicals provide confidence in the MOA findings. Furthermore, cultured human hepatocyte studies and humanized chimeric mouse liver studies demonstrated species difference between human hepatocytes (refractory to the mitogenic effects of these compounds) and rat hepatocytes (sensitive to their mitogenic effects). These data strongly support the hypothesis that the CAR-mediated MOA for liver tumorigenesis is of low carcinogenic risk for humans. In this research, in addition to cultured human hepatocyte studies, the usefulness of the humanized chimeric liver mouse models was clearly demonstrated. These data substantially influenced decisions in regulatory toxicology. In this review I comprehensively discuss the human relevance of the CAR-mediated MOA for rodent liver tumorigenesis based on published information, including our recent molecular research on CAR-mediated MOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Yamada
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory , Sumitomo Chemical Co. , Ltd , 1-98 , 3-Chome , Kasugade-Naka , Konohana-ku , Osaka 554-8558 , Japan . ; ; Tel: +81-66466-5322
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Xu Z, Lu M, Yang M, Xu W, Gao J, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Tao L. Pyrethrum-extract induced autophagy in insect cells: A new target? PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 137:21-26. [PMID: 28364800 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethrum extract (PY) is a natural insecticide that is extensively used across the world, and its insecticidal activity is attributed to the presence of six active esters known as pyrethrins. PY targets the nervous systems of insects by delaying the closure of voltage-gated sodium ion channels in the nerve cells. However, limited information is available regarding the toxicity and detailed mechanisms of PY activity. This study is aimed at understanding the toxicity effect and the underlying mechanisms of PY in cellular level, which have not yet been investigated on the non-nervous system of insects. Results of the MTT assay showed that the viability of Sf9 cells was inhibited by PY in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, and observation under a microscope revealed accumulation of intracellular vacuoles. Monodansylcadaverine staining analysis and transmission electron microscope images revealed typical autophagic morphological changes in PY-treated Sf9 cells. Autophagy-related proteins such as LC3, p62, and beclin-1 were detected using by Western blotting. Protein expression levels of LC3-II and beclin-1 were upregulated while that of p62 was markedly downregulated in a dose-dependent manner upon the PY treatment in Sf9 cells. In conclusion, these results indicate that PY could induce autophagy in the non-nervous system of insects which may contribute to its insecticidal mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Miaoqing Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Mingjun Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wenping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jufang Gao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liming Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Yang Y, Zong M, Xu W, Zhang Y, Wang B, Yang M, Tao L. Natural pyrethrins induces apoptosis in human hepatocyte cells via Bax- and Bcl-2-mediated mitochondrial pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 262:38-45. [PMID: 27939866 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Natural pyrethrins have been widely used for pest control in organic farming and for residential indoor pest managements. Although the specific mechanisms underlying their activity are incompletely understood, natural pesticides are considered the safest based on their target specificity and rapid degradation in the environment. Here, we used in vitro bioassays to characterize the cytotoxic effects of natural pyrethrins and attempted to delineate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of their cytotoxicity against human hepatocytes. The results demonstrate that natural pyrethrins reduce cell viability and enhance apoptosis in HepG2 cells. In addition, the current data indicate that natural pyrethrins cause a reduction in the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), increase reactive oxygen species production, and up-regulate the Bax/Bcl-2 expression, leading to the release of cytochrome-c into the cytosol, activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Taken together, the results indicate that natural pyrethrins has potentially exert adverse effects on human health by inducing caspase-dependent apoptosis in hepatocytes through Bax- and Bcl-2-mediated mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Mimi Zong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wenping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Mingjun Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liming Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Yamada T, Kikumoto H, Lake BG, Kawamura S. Lack of effect of metofluthrin and sodium phenobarbital on replicative DNA synthesis and Ki-67 mRNA expression in cultured human hepatocytes. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tx00217b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High doses of metofluthrin have been shown to produce hepatocellular tumours in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Yamada
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory
- Sumitomo Chemical Company
- Ltd
- Osaka 554-8558
- Japan
| | - Hiroko Kikumoto
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory
- Sumitomo Chemical Company
- Ltd
- Osaka 554-8558
- Japan
| | - Brian G. Lake
- Centre for Toxicology
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences
- University of Surrey
- Guildford
- UK
| | - Satoshi Kawamura
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory
- Sumitomo Chemical Company
- Ltd
- Osaka 554-8558
- Japan
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Bhutia D, Rai BK, Pal J. Detection of Multiple Cytochrome P450 in Hepatic Tissue of Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) Exposed to Cypermethrin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12595-013-0063-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Metabolic interactions of environmental toxicants in humans. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2012. [PMID: 22974747 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415813-9.00013-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
A description of the interactions between environmental toxicants following simultaneous exposure or exposure in close temporal sequence is presented. At the metabolic level, such interactions may be based on induction, inhibition, or activation of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. Cytotoxicity may also play a role, particularly in affecting induction of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. The effects of interactions manifested at the level of the expression of toxic endpoints may result from interactions at the metabolic level or may have other causes. New approaches to genome-wide effects (e.g., microarray studies) are also discussed.
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Hojo Y, Shiraki A, Tsuchiya T, Shimamoto K, Ishii Y, Suzuki K, Shibutani M, Mitsumori K. Liver tumor promoting effect of etofenprox in rats and its possible mechanism of action. J Toxicol Sci 2012; 37:297-306. [PMID: 22467020 DOI: 10.2131/jts.37.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the liver tumor-promoting effects of etofenprox (ETF), a pyrethroid-like insecticide, 6 week-old male F344 rats were given an intraperitoneal injection of N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN). After 2 weeks from the DEN treatment, 12 rats per group received a powdered diet containing 0, 0.25, 0.50, or 1.0% ETF for 8 weeks. At the time of 2nd week of ETF administration, all animals were subjected to two-thirds partial hepatectomy (PH). One rat per group except for the 0.25% ETF group died due to surgical operation of PH. The number and area of glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P) positive foci significantly increased in the livers of DEN-initiated rats given 0.50% and 1.0% ETF compared with the DEN-alone group. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed that the mRNA expression of phase I enzymes Cyp2b1/2, phase II enzymes such as Akr7a3, Gsta5, Ugt1a6, Nqo1 significantly increased in the DEN+ETF groups. The immunohistochemistry showed the translocation of CAR from the cytoplasm to the nuclei of hepatocytes in the ETF-treated groups. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production increased in microsomes isolated from the livers of ETF-treated rats, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) levels and 8- hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) content significantly increased in all of the ETF-treated groups and DEN+1.0% ETF group, respectively. The results of the present study indicate that ETF has a liver tumor-promoting activity in rats, and suggest that ETF activates the constitutive active/androstane receptor (CAR) and enhances microsomal ROS production, resulting in the upregulation of Nrf2 gene batteries; such an oxidative stress subsequently induces liver tumor-promoting effects by increased cellular proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Hojo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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Beltrán-Ramírez O, Pérez RM, Sierra-Santoyo A, Villa-Treviño S. Cancer Prevention Mediated by Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Involves Cyp2b1/2 Modulation in Hepatocarcinogenesis. Toxicol Pathol 2012; 40:466-72. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623311431947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Beltrán-Ramírez
- Dirección de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de México, México City, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Roberto Macías Pérez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), San Pedro Zacatenco, México
| | - Adolfo Sierra-Santoyo
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV). San Pedro Zacatenco, México
| | - Saúl Villa-Treviño
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), San Pedro Zacatenco, México
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12
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Comparison of three fluorescent CYP3A substrates in two vertebrate models: pig and Atlantic salmon. Animal 2012; 6:633-40. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731111002096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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13
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Vences-Mejía A, Gómez-Garduño J, Caballero-Ortega H, Dorado-González V, Nosti-Palacios R, Labra-Ruíz N, Espinosa-Aguirre JJ. Effect of mosquito mats (pyrethroid-based) vapor inhalation on rat brain cytochrome P450s. Toxicol Mech Methods 2011; 22:41-6. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2011.591448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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14
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Sahu SC, Amankwa-Sakyi M, O'Donnell MW, Sprando RL. Effects of usnic acid exposure on human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells in culture. J Appl Toxicol 2011; 32:722-30. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.1721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saura C. Sahu
- Division of Toxicology; Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment; Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition; US Food and Drug Administration; Laurel; MD; 20708; USA
| | - Margaret Amankwa-Sakyi
- Division of Public Health and Biostatistics; Office of Food Defense; Communication and Emergency Response; Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition; US Food and Drug Administration; Laurel; MD; 20708; USA
| | - Michael W. O'Donnell
- Division of Public Health and Biostatistics; Office of Food Defense; Communication and Emergency Response; Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition; US Food and Drug Administration; Laurel; MD; 20708; USA
| | - Robert L. Sprando
- Division of Toxicology; Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment; Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition; US Food and Drug Administration; Laurel; MD; 20708; USA
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15
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Tsuji R, Yamada T, Kawamura S. Mammal Toxicology of Synthetic Pyrethroids. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2011; 314:83-111. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2011_269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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16
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Osimitz TG, Lake BG. Mode-of-action analysis for induction of rat liver tumors by pyrethrins: relevance to human cancer risk. Crit Rev Toxicol 2010; 39:501-11. [PMID: 19463055 DOI: 10.1080/10408440902914014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
High doses of pyrethrins have been shown to produce liver tumors in female rats. Pyrethrins are not genotoxic agents. Pyrethrins produce liver tumors in rats by a mode of action (MOA) involving induction of hepatic xenobiotic metabolising enzymes, hypertrophy, increased cell proliferation, and the development of altered hepatic foci. The relevance of pyrethrins-induced rat liver tumors to human health was assessed by using the 2006 International Programme on Chemical Safety Human Relevance Framework. The postulated rodent tumor MOA was tested against the Bradford Hill criteria and was found to satisfy the conditions of dose and temporal concordance, biological plausibility, coherence, strength, consistency, and specificity that fit with an established mode of action for rodent liver tumor formation by phenobarbital and related compounds, which are activators of the constitutive androstane receptor. Other possible MOAs including mutagenicity, cytotoxicity, hepatic peroxisome proliferation, porphyria, and hormonal pertubation were excluded. The proposed MOA is considered not to be plausible in humans because pyrethrins, like phenobarbital, do not induce cell proliferation in human hepatocytes. Moreover, epidemiological studies with phenobarbital demonstrate that such compounds do not increase the risk of liver tumors in humans. It is concluded that pyrethrins do not pose a hepatocarcinogenic hazard for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Osimitz
- Science Strategies LLC, 600 East Water Street, Suite G, Charlottesville, VA 22902, USA.
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ABDOU R, SASAKI K, KHALIL W, SHAH S, MURASAWA Y, SHIMODA M. Effects of Several Pyrethroids on Hepatic Cytochrome P450 Activities in Rats. J Vet Med Sci 2010; 72:425-33. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.09-0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rania ABDOU
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Kazuaki SASAKI
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Waleed KHALIL
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Syed SHAH
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Youhei MURASAWA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Minoru SHIMODA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
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18
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Hirose Y, Nagahori H, Yamada T, Deguchi Y, Tomigahara Y, Nishioka K, Uwagawa S, Kawamura S, Isobe N, Lake BG, Okuno Y. Comparison of the effects of the synthetic pyrethroid Metofluthrin and phenobarbital on CYP2B form induction and replicative DNA synthesis in cultured rat and human hepatocytes. Toxicology 2009; 258:64-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2009.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Yang D, Wang X, Chen YT, Deng R, Yan B. Pyrethroid insecticides: isoform-dependent hydrolysis, induction of cytochrome P450 3A4 and evidence on the involvement of the pregnane X receptor. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2009; 237:49-58. [PMID: 19249324 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2009.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2008] [Revised: 01/23/2009] [Accepted: 02/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pyrethroids account for more than one-third of the insecticides currently marketed in the world. In mammals, these insecticides undergo extensive metabolism by carboxylesterases and cytochrome P450s (CYPs). In addition, some pyrethroids are found to induce the expression of CYPs. The aim of this study was to determine whether pyrethroids induce carboxylesterases and CYP3A4, and whether the induction is correlated inversely with their hydrolysis. Human liver microsomes were pooled and tested for the hydrolysis of 11 pyrethroids. All pyrethroids were hydrolyzed by the pooled microsomes, but the hydrolytic rates varied by as many as 14 fold. Some pyrethroids such as bioresmethrin were preferably hydrolyzed by carboxylesterase HCE1, whereas others such as bifenthrin preferably by HCE2. In primary human hepatocytes, all pyrethroids except tetramethrin significantly induced CYP3A4. In contrast, insignificant changes were detected on the expression of carboxylesterases. The induction of CYP3A4 was confirmed in multiple cell lines including HepG2, Hop92 and LS180. Overall, the magnitude of the induction was correlated inversely with the rates of hydrolysis, but positively with the activation of the pregnane X receptor (PXR). Transfection of a carboxylesterase markedly decreased the activation of PXR, and the decrease was in agreement with carboxylesterase-based preference for hydrolysis. In addition, human PXR variants as well as rat PXR differed from human PXR (wild-type) in responding to certain pyrethroids (e.g., lambda-cyhalothrin), suggesting that induction of PXR target genes by these pyrethroids varies depending on polymorphic variants and the PXR species identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Yang
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmacogenomics and Molecular Therapy, University of Rhode Island Kingston, RI 02881, USA
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Yamada T, Uwagawa S, Okuno Y, Cohen SM, Kaneko H. Case Study: An Evaluation of the Human Relevance of the Synthetic Pyrethroid Metofluthrin-Induced Liver Tumors in Rats Based on Mode of Action. Toxicol Sci 2009; 108:59-68. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfp007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Price RJ, Scott MP, Giddings AM, Walters DG, Stierum RH, Meredith C, Lake BG. Effect of butylated hydroxytoluene, curcumin, propyl gallate and thiabendazole on cytochrome P450 forms in cultured human hepatocytes. Xenobiotica 2008; 38:574-86. [DOI: 10.1080/00498250802008615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. J. Price
- LFI Molecular Sciences , Leatherhead, UK
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Centre for Toxicology, University of Surrey , Guildford, UK
| | - M. P. Scott
- LFI Molecular Sciences , Leatherhead, UK
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Centre for Toxicology, University of Surrey , Guildford, UK
| | - A. M. Giddings
- LFI Molecular Sciences , Leatherhead, UK
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Centre for Toxicology, University of Surrey , Guildford, UK
| | - D. G. Walters
- LFI Molecular Sciences , Leatherhead, UK
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Centre for Toxicology, University of Surrey , Guildford, UK
| | | | - C. Meredith
- British American Tobacco, Group R&D Centre , Southampton, UK
| | - B. G. Lake
- LFI Molecular Sciences , Leatherhead, UK
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Centre for Toxicology, University of Surrey , Guildford, UK
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