1
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Transitioning from Oxime to the Next Potential Organophosphorus Poisoning Therapy Using Enzymes. J CHEM-NY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/7319588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
For years, organophosphorus poisoning has been a major concern of health problems throughout the world. An estimated 200,000 acute pesticide poisoning deaths occur each year, many in developing countries. Apart from the agricultural pesticide poisoning, terrorists have used these organophosphorus compounds to attack civilian populations in some countries. Recent misuses of sarin in the Syrian conflict had been reported in 2018. Since the 1950s, the therapy to overcome this health problem is to utilize a reactivator to reactivate the inhibited acetylcholinesterase by these organophosphorus compounds. However, many questions remain unanswered regarding the efficacy and toxicity of this reactivator. Pralidoxime, MMB-4, TMB-4, obidoxime, and HI-6 are the examples of the established oximes, yet they are of insufficient effectiveness in some poisonings and only a limited spectrum of the different nerve agents and pesticides are being covered. Alternatively, an option in the treatment of organophosphorus poisoning that has been explored is through the use of enzyme therapy. Organophosphorus hydrolases are a group of enzymes that look promising for detoxifying organophosphorus compounds and have recently gained much interest. These enzymes have demonstrated remarkable protective and antidotal value against some different organophosphorus compounds in vivo in animal models. Apart from that, enzyme treatments have also been applied for decontamination purposes. In this review, the restrictions and obstacles in the therapeutic development of oximes, along with the new strategies to overcome the problems, are discussed. The emerging interest in enzyme treatment with its advantages and disadvantages is described as well.
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Hepnarova V, Muckova L, Ring A, Pejchal J, Herman D, Misik J, Hrabinova M, Jun D, Soukup O. Pharmacological and toxicological in vitro and in vivo effect of higher doses of oxime reactivators. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 383:114776. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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3
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Antonijevic E, Musilek K, Kuca K, Djukic-Cosic D, Andjelkovic M, Djordjevic AB, Antonijevic B. Comparison of oximes K203 and K027 based on Benchmark dose analysis of rat diaphragmal acetylcholinesterase reactivation. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 308:385-391. [PMID: 31141677 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evica Antonijevic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Kamil Musilek
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Danijela Djukic-Cosic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milena Andjelkovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Aleksandra Buha Djordjevic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Biljana Antonijevic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Gorecki L, Soukup O, Kucera T, Malinak D, Jun D, Kuca K, Musilek K, Korabecny J. Oxime K203: a drug candidate for the treatment of tabun intoxication. Arch Toxicol 2018; 93:673-691. [PMID: 30564897 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2377-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
For over 60 years, researchers across the world have sought to deal with poisoning by nerve agents, the most toxic and lethal chemical weapons. To date, there is no efficient causal antidote with sufficient effect. Every trialed compound fails to fulfil one or more criteria (e.g. reactivation potency, broad reactivation profile). In this recent contribution, we focused our attention to one of the promising compounds, namely the bis-pyridinium reactivator K203. The oxime K203 is very often cited as the best reactivator against tabun poisoning. Herein, we provide all the available literature data in comprehensive and critical review to address whether K203 could be considered as a new drug candidate against organophosphorus poisoning with the stress on tabun. We describe its development from the historical point of view and review all available in vitro as well as in vivo data to date. K203 is easily accessible by a relatively simple two-step synthesis. It is well accommodated in the enzyme active gorge of acetylcholinesterase providing suitable interactions for reactivation, as shown by molecular docking simulations. According to a literature survey, in vitro data for tabun-inhibited AChE are extraordinary. However, in vivo efficiency remains unconvincing. The K203 toxicity profile did not show any perturbations compared to clinically used standards; on the other hand versatility of K203 does not exceed currently available oximes. In summary, K203 does not seem to address current issues associated with the organophosphorus poisoning, especially the broad profile against all nerve agents. However, its reviewed efficacy entitles K203 to be considered as a backup or tentative replacement for obidoxime and trimedoxime, currently only available anti-tabun drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Gorecki
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Kucera
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - David Malinak
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jun
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Musilek
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic. .,Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic. .,Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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5
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Zorbaz T, Malinak D, Maraković N, Maček Hrvat N, Zandona A, Novotny M, Skarka A, Andrys R, Benkova M, Soukup O, Katalinić M, Kuca K, Kovarik Z, Musilek K. Pyridinium Oximes with Ortho-Positioned Chlorine Moiety Exhibit Improved Physicochemical Properties and Efficient Reactivation of Human Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by Several Nerve Agents. J Med Chem 2018; 61:10753-10766. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Zorbaz
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - David Malinak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Nikola Maraković
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikolina Maček Hrvat
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antonio Zandona
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Michal Novotny
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Skarka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Rudolf Andrys
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Benkova
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Maja Katalinić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zrinka Kovarik
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kamil Musilek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Antonijevic E, Musilek K, Kuca K, Djukic-Cosic D, Curcic M, Miladinovic DC, Bulat Z, Antonijevic B. Dose-response modeling of reactivating potency of oximes K027 and K203 against a direct acetylcholinesterase inhibitor in rat erythrocytes. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 121:224-230. [PMID: 30176309 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of acethylcholinesterase (AChE) as a key molecular event induced by organophosphate (OP) pesticides and nerve agents presents a human health concern. In efficacy testing of experimental oximes, potential antidotes in OP poisoning, reactivation of OP-inhibited AChE is used as specific endpoint. However, according to our best knowledge, so far oximes have not been quantitatively evaluated by comprehensive benchmark dose (BMD) approach, that would improve both identification and quantification of the effect and allow more rigorous comparison of efficacies. Thus, we have examined in vivo dose-response relationship for two promising experimental oximes, K203 and K027, concerning reactivation of erythrocyte AChE inhibited by dichlorvos (DDVP). Groups of Wistar rats were treated with six different doses of oximes (i.m) immediately after DDVP challenge (s.c) and AChE was measured 60 min later. Dose-response modeling was done by PROAST software 65.5 (RIVM, The Nederlands). BMD-covariate method resulted in four-parameter model from both exponential and Hill model families as the best estimate of relationship between AChE activity and oxime dose, with potency parameter being oxime-dependent. Oxime K027 was shown to be 1.929-fold more potent considering that 58% increase in AChE activity was achived with the dose BMD58-K027 = 52 μmol/kg in contrast to BMD58-K203 = 100 μmol/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evica Antonijevic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Kamil Musilek
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Danijela Djukic-Cosic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Marijana Curcic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Dejana Cupic Miladinovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Bulevar oslobodjenja 18, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Zorica Bulat
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Biljana Antonijevic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia.
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7
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Vanova N, Pejchal J, Herman D, Dlabkova A, Jun D. Oxidative stress in organophosphate poisoning: role of standard antidotal therapy. J Appl Toxicol 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nela Vanova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences; University of Defence; Trebesska 1575 500 01 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Pejchal
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences; University of Defence; Trebesska 1575 500 01 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - David Herman
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences; University of Defence; Trebesska 1575 500 01 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Alzbeta Dlabkova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences; University of Defence; Trebesska 1575 500 01 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jun
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences; University of Defence; Trebesska 1575 500 01 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
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Kuca K, Musilek K, Jun D, Zdarova-Karasova J, Nepovimova E, Soukup O, Hrabinova M, Mikler J, Franca TCC, Da Cunha EFF, De Castro AA, Valis M, Ramalho TC. A newly developed oxime K203 is the most effective reactivator of tabun-inhibited acetylcholinesterase. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 19:8. [PMID: 29467029 PMCID: PMC5822599 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-018-0196-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on in vitro and in vivo rat experiments, the newly developed acetylcholinesterase (AChE) reactivator, K203, appears to be much more effective in the treatment of tabun poisonings than currently fielded oximes. METHODS To determine if this reactivating efficacy would extend to humans, studies were conducted in vitro using human brain homogenate as the source of AChE. The efficacy of K203 was compared with commercially available oximes; pralidoxime, obidoxime and asoxime (HI-6). RESULTS Reactivation studies showed that K203 was the most effective reactivator with a second order kinetic constant (kr) of 2142 min- 1. M- 1, which was 51 times higher than that obtained for obidoxime (kr = 42 min- 1. M- 1). Both pralidoxime and asoxime (HI-6) failed to significantly reactivate tabun-inhibited human AChE. DISCUSSION According to these results and previous studies, using K203, it appears that oxime K203 is the most effective reactivator of tabun-inhibited cholinesterase in several species including humans and should be considered as a possible medical countermeasure to tabun exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Kuca
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Kamil Musilek
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jun
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Zdarova-Karasova
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Hrabinova
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - John Mikler
- Defence Research and Development Canada - Suffield Research Centre, Department of National Defence, Suffield, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tanos C C Franca
- Center for Basic and Applied Research, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Military Institute of Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-270, Brazil
| | | | | | - Martin Valis
- Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Teodorico C Ramalho
- Center for Basic and Applied Research, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras/MG, Brazil
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9
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Muckova L, Pejchal J, Jost P, Vanova N, Herman D, Jun D. Cytotoxicity of acetylcholinesterase reactivators evaluated in vitro and its relation to their structure. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 42:252-256. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1432641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lubica Muckova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Pejchal
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Jost
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Nela Vanova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - David Herman
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jun
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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The Evaluation of the Reactivating and Neuroprotective Efficacy of Two Newly Prepared Bispyridinium Oximes (K305, K307) in Tabun-Poisoned Rats-A Comparison with Trimedoxime and the Oxime K203. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22071152. [PMID: 28696367 PMCID: PMC6152392 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of two newly developed oximes (K305, K307) to protect tabun-poisoned rats from tabun-induced inhibition of brain acetylcholinesterase, acute neurotoxic signs and symptoms and brain damage was compared with that of the oxime K203 and trimedoxime. The reactivating and neuroprotective effects of the oximes studied combined with atropine on rats poisoned with tabun at a sublethal dose were evaluated. The reactivating efficacy of a newly developed oxime K305 is lower compared to the reactivating efficacy of the oxime K203 and trimedoxime while the ability of the oxime K307 to reactivate tabun-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the brain roughly corresponds to the reactivating efficacy of the oxime K203 and it is slightly lower compared to trimedoxime. In addition, only one newly developed oxime (K307) combined with atropine was able to markedly decrease tabun-induced neurotoxicity although it did not eliminate all tabun-induced acute neurotoxic signs and symptoms. These results correspond to the histopathological evaluation of tabun-induced brain damage. Therefore, the newly developed oximes are not suitable for the replacement of commonly used oximes (especially trimedoxime) in the treatment of acute tabun poisonings.
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Kassa J, Žďárová Karasová J, Tesařová S, Kuča K, Musílek K. A Comparison of the Neuroprotective Efficacy of Newly Developed Oximes (K156, K203) and Currently Available Oximes (Obidoxime, HI-6) in Cyclosarin-poisoned Rats. ACTA MEDICA (HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ) 2017. [DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2017.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The neuroprotective effects of newly developed oximes (K156, K203) and currently available oximes (obidoxime, HI-6) in combination with atropine in rats poisoned with cyclosarin were studied. The cyclosarin-induced neurotoxicity was monitored using a functional observational battery 24 hours after cyclosarin challenge. The results indicate that a newly developed oxime K156 is able to counteract slightly cyclosarin-induced neurotoxicity while another newly developed oxime K203 is completely ineffective in reducing cyclosarin-induced neurotoxic signs and symptoms. The neuroprotective efficacy of K156 is comparable with commonly used obidoxime and oxime HI-6. Thus, none of the newly developed oximes achieves better neuroprotective efficacy than both commonly used oximes. They are therefore not suitable replacements for antidotal treatment of acute poisonings with cyclosarin.
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12
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Kassa J, Misik J, Hatlapatkova J, Zdarova Karasova J. A comparison of neuroprotective efficacy of two novel reactivators of acetylcholinesterase called K920 and K923 with the oxime K203 and trimedoxime in tabun-poisoned rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2017; 27:236-243. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2016.1275907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Kassa
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Misik
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hatlapatkova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Zdarova Karasova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Kumar P, Swami D, Nagar DP, Singh KP, Acharya J, Karade HN, Yadav R. In vivo protection studies of bis-quaternary 2-(hydroxyimino)- N-(pyridin-3-yl) acetamide derivatives (HNK oximes) against tabun and soman poisoning in Swiss albino mice. Hum Exp Toxicol 2017; 36:1270-1285. [PMID: 28078916 DOI: 10.1177/0960327116685888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The study reports antidotal efficacy of three HNK [ bis quaternary 2-(hydroxyimino)-N-(pyridin-3yl) acetamide derivatives] and pralidoxime (2-PAM), against soman and tabun poisoning in Swiss albino mice. Protection index (PI) was determined (treatment doses: HNK oximes, ×0.20 of their median lethal dose (LD50) and 2-PAM, 30 mg/kg, intramuscularly (im)) together with atropine (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). Probit log doses with difference of 0.301 log of LD50 of the nerve agents administered and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity by 50% (IC50) was calculated at optimized time in brain and serum. Using various doses of tabun and soman (subcutaneously (sc)), in multiples of their IC50, AChE reactivation ability of the oximes was studied. Besides, acute toxicity (0.8× LD50, im, 24 h postexposure) of HNK-102 and 2-PAM was also compared by determining biochemical, hematological variables and making histopathological observations. Protection offered by HNK-102 against tabun poisoning was found to be four times higher compared to 2-PAM. However, nearly equal protection was noted with all the four oximes against soman poisoning. HNK-102 reactivated brain AChE activity by 1.5 times more than 2-PAM at IC50 dose of soman and tabun. Acute toxicity studies of HNK-102 and 2-PAM showed sporadic changes in urea, uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase, and so on compared to control group, however, not supported by histopathological investigations. The present investigation showed superiority of newly synthesized HNK-102 oxime over standard 2-PAM, as a better antidote, against acute poisoning of tabun (4.00 times) and soman (1.04 times), in Swiss albino mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kumar
- 1 Pharmacology and Toxicology Division, Defence Research & Development Establishment, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - D Swami
- 1 Pharmacology and Toxicology Division, Defence Research & Development Establishment, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - D P Nagar
- 1 Pharmacology and Toxicology Division, Defence Research & Development Establishment, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - K P Singh
- 1 Pharmacology and Toxicology Division, Defence Research & Development Establishment, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - J Acharya
- 2 Process Technology Development Division, Defence Research & Development Establishment, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - H N Karade
- 2 Process Technology Development Division, Defence Research & Development Establishment, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - R Yadav
- 1 Pharmacology and Toxicology Division, Defence Research & Development Establishment, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
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14
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Kassa J, Sepsova V, Horova A, Musilek K. A comparison of the reactivating and therapeutic efficacy of two novel bispyridinium oximes (K305, K307) with the oxime K203 and trimedoxime in tabun-poisoned rats and mice. J Appl Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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15
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Chen F, Zhou NN, Zhan JL, Han B, Yu W. tert-Butyl nitrite-mediated vicinal sulfoximation of alkenes with sulfinic acids: a highly efficient approach toward α-sulfonyl ketoximes. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qo00535g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel vicinal sulfoximation of alkenes was achieved under mild and metal-free conditions by using readily available sulfinic acids as the sulfonating agent and tert-butyl nitrite (TBN) as the radical initiator and the oxime source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Neng-Neng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Jun-Long Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Bing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
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16
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Antonijevic E, Musilek K, Kuca K, Djukic-Cosic D, Vucinic S, Antonijevic B. Therapeutic and reactivating efficacy of oximes K027 and K203 against a direct acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Neurotoxicology 2016; 55:33-39. [PMID: 27177985 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
As oxime-based structures are the only causal antidotes to organophosphate (OP)-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the majority of studies on these have been directed towards their synthesis and testing. In this study, experimental bispyridinium oximes K027 and K203, which have shown promising results in the last decade of research, were examined in vivo for their therapeutic and reactivating ability in acute poisoning by the direct AChE-inhibitor dichlorvos (DDVP), used as a dimethyl OP structural model. Additionally, the efficacy of oximes K027 and K203 was compared with the efficacy of four oximes (pralidoxime, trimedoxime, obidoxime and HI-6), already used in efficacy experiments and human medicine. To evaluate therapeutic efficacy, groups of Wistar rats were treated with equitoxic doses of oximes (5% LD50, i.m.) and/or atropine (10mg/kg, i.m.) immediately after s.c. DDVP challenge (4-6 doses). Using the same antidotal protocol, AChE activity was measured in erythrocytes, diaphragm and brain 60min after s.c. DDVP exposure (75% LD50). The oxime K027 was the most efficacious in reducing the DDVP induced lethal effect in rats, while the oxime K203 was more efficacious than trimedoxime, pralidoxime and HI-6. Significant reactivation of DDVP inhibited AChE was achieved only with oxime K027 or its combination with atropine in erythocytes and the diaphragm. Moreover, the acute i.m. toxicity of oxime K027 in rats was lower than all other tested oximes. The results of this study support previous studies considering the oxime K027 as a promising experimental oxime structure for further testing against structurally-different OP compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evica Antonijevic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Kamil Musilek
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Biomedical Research Center, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Biomedical Research Center, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Danijela Djukic-Cosic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Slavica Vucinic
- National Poison Control Center, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Biljana Antonijevic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
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17
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Kassa J, Sepsova V, Horova A, Musilek K. A comparison of the reactivating and therapeutic efficacy of two novel bispyridinium oximes (K920, K923) with the oxime K203 and trimedoxime in tabun-poisoned rats and mice. J Appl Biomed 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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18
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Kassa J, Karasová JZ, Pavlíková R, Caisberger F, Bajgar J. The Ability of Oxime Mixtures to Increase the Reactivating and Therapeutic Efficacy of Antidotal Treatment of Cyclosarin Poisoning in Rats and Mice. ACTA MEDICA (HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ) 2015; 55:27-31. [DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2015.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The reactivating and therapeutic efficacy of two combinations of oximes (HI‑6 + trimedoxime and HI‑6 + K203) was compared with the effectiveness of antidotal treatment involving single oxime (HI‑6, trimedoxime, K203) using in vivo methods. In vivo determined percentage of reactivation of cyclosarin‑inhibited blood and tissue acetylcholinesterase in poisoned rats showed that the reactivating efficacy of both combinations of oximes is slightly higher than the reactivating efficacy of the most effective individual oxime in blood, diaphragm as well as in brain. Moreover, both combinations of oximes were found to be slightly more efficacious in the reduction of acute lethal toxic effects in cyclosarin‑poisoned mice than the antidotal treatment involving single oxime. Based on the obtained data, we can conclude that the antidotal treatment involving chosen combinations of oximes brings a beneficial effect for its ability to counteract the acute poisoning with cyclosarin.
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Kassa J, Sepsova V, Matouskova L, Horova A, Musilek K. A comparison of the reactivating and therapeutic efficacy of two novel bispyridinium oximes (K727, K733) with the oxime HI-6 and obidoxime in sarin-poisoned rats and mice. Toxicol Mech Methods 2015; 25:229-33. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2015.1036333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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20
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Kassa J, Misik J, Zdarova Karasova J. Neuroprotective efficacy of newly developed oximes in comparison with currently available oximes in tabun-poisoned rats. J Appl Biomed 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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21
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Kassa J, Sepsova V, Tumova M, Horova A, Musilek K. A Comparison of the Reactivating and Therapeutic Efficacy of Two Newly Developed Oximes (K727 and K733) with Oxime K203 and Trimedoxime in Tabun-Poisoned Rats and Mice. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2014; 116:367-71. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Kassa
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy; Faculty of Military Health Sciences; Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Sepsova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy; Faculty of Military Health Sciences; Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Martina Tumova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy; Faculty of Military Health Sciences; Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Anna Horova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy; Faculty of Military Health Sciences; Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Musilek
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy; Faculty of Military Health Sciences; Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
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22
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Kalász H, Nurulain SM, Veress G, Antus S, Darvas F, Adeghate E, Adem A, Hashemi F, Tekes K. Mini review on blood-brain barrier penetration of pyridinium aldoximes. J Appl Toxicol 2014; 35:116-23. [PMID: 25291712 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews the blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration of newly developed pyridinium aldoximes. Pyridinium aldoximes are highly charged hydrophilic compounds used in the treatment of subjects exposed to organophosphonates because they are effective as acetylcholinesterase reactivators. Pyridinium aldoximes have antidotal effects against poisoning with cholinesterase inhibitors, a frequent problem affecting people working with organophosphate-based insecticides and pesticides. Toxic organophosphonate products such as sarin and tabun can be used by terrorists as chemical warfare agents. This poses a severe challenge to all innocent and peace-loving people worldwide. This review gives a brief summary of BBB transporters and description of the current in vitro and in vivo methods for the characterization of BBB penetration of established and novel pyridinium aldoximes. The authors provide a putative mechanism of penetration, outline some future ways of formulation and discuss the possible advantages and disadvantages of increasing BBB penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kalász
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1089, Budapest, Nagyvárad tér 4, Hungary; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, CMHS, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, P.O.Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
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23
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Kassa J, Žďárová Karasová J, Kuča K, Musílek K, Jung YS. Comparison of the neuroprotective effects of a novel bispyridinium oxime KR-22934 with the oxime K203 and obidoxime in tabun-poisoned male rats. J Appl Biomed 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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24
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Hashemi F, Laufer R, Szegi P, Csomor V, Kalász H, Tekes K. HPLC determination of brain biogenic amines following treatment with bispyridinium aldoxime K203. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 101:40-6. [DOI: 10.1556/aphysiol.101.2014.1.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Kassa J, Sepsova V, Tumova M, Musilek K, Horova A. The evaluation of the reactivating and therapeutic efficacy of two novel oximes (K361 and K378) in comparison with the oxime K203 and trimedoxime in tabun-poisoned rats and mice. Toxicol Mech Methods 2013; 24:173-8. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2013.871766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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26
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Janockova J, Gulasova Z, Musilek K, Kuca K, Kozurkova M. Novel cholinesterase modulators and their ability to interact with DNA. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 115:364-369. [PMID: 23851179 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, an interaction of four cholinesterase modulators (1-4) with calf thymus DNA was studied via spectroscopic techniques (UV-Vis, fluorescent spectroscopy and circular dichroism). From UV-Vis spectroscopic analysis, the binding constants for DNA-pyridinium oximes complexes were calculated (K=3.5×10(4) to 1.4×10(5)M(-1)). All these measurements indicated that the compounds behave as effective DNA-interacting agents. Electrophoretic techniques proved that ligand 2 inhibited topoisomerase I at a concentration 5μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Janockova
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, P.J. Šafárik University, Faculty of Science, Moyzesova 11, 04001 Kosice, Slovak Republic
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Elsinghorst PW, Worek F, Thiermann H, Wille T. Drug development for the management of organophosphorus poisoning. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 8:1467-77. [PMID: 24125474 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2013.847920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The continuous application of organophosphate pesticides in developing countries, in addition to the remaining stock piles of chemical warfare nerve agents and their possible use is a significant threat to the public. Yet, today's options for a treatment of organophosphorus poisonings are still inadequate. AREAS COVERED This article provides a concise overview of current and future research trying to improve both prophylaxis and treatment of organophosphorus intoxications. The authors provide a summary of current oxime therapy and highlight several new concepts to overcome existing gaps. This overview of therapeutic options is accompanied by two sections on cyclodextrins, related compounds and bioscavengers, which may be used for either prophylaxis or treatment. For both groups, the authors review current drug design and screening approaches, the resulting developments and future challenges. EXPERT OPINION While the search for one multipotent oxime has been a fruitless endeavor, combination of multiple oximes with complemental and systemic reactivity appears as a valuable concept. Development of potential scavengers, be it cyclodextrins or bioscavengers, is still hampered by insufficient efficacy of these compounds. Future strategies will aim at improving their catalytic efficacy while minimizing immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Wilhelm Elsinghorst
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Neuherbergstraße 11, D-80937 München , Germany +49 89 3168 2305 ; +49 89 3168 2333 ;
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Kassa J, Misik J, Karasova JZ. Evaluation of the Potency of Two Novel Bispyridinium Oximes (K456, K458) in Comparison with Oxime K203 and Trimedoxime to Counteract Tabun-Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 113:201-8. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Kassa
- Department of Toxicology; Faculty of Military Health Sciences; Hradec Kralove; Czech Republic
| | - Jan Misik
- Department of Toxicology; Faculty of Military Health Sciences; Hradec Kralove; Czech Republic
| | - Jana Z. Karasova
- Department of Public Health; Faculty of Military Health Sciences; Hradec Kralove; Czech Republic
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29
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Dohnal V, Musilek K, Kuca K. Retention Behavior of Pyridinium Oximes on PFP Stationary Phase in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 2013; 52:246-51. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmt019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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30
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Therapeutic efficacy of a novel bispyridinium oxime K203 and commonly used oximes (HI-6, obidoxime, trimedoxime, methoxime) in soman-poisoned male rats and mice. J Appl Biomed 2013. [DOI: 10.2478/v10136-012-0015-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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31
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Kassa J, Sepsova V, Musilek K, Horova A. The evaluation of the reactivating and therapeutic efficacy of three novel bispyridinium oximes (K454, K456, K458) in comparison with the oxime K203 and trimedoxime in tabun-poisoned rats and mice. Toxicol Mech Methods 2012; 23:94-8. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2012.720304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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32
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Kassa J, Zdarova Karasova J, Sepsova V. A comparison of the reactivating efficacy of a novel bispyridinium oxime K203 with currently available oximes in VX agent-poisoned rats. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2012; 28:753-7. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2012.681652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Kassa
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences,
Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Zdarova Karasova
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Military Health Sciences,
Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Sepsova
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences,
Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Discovery of non-oxime reactivators using an in silico pharmacophore model of oxime reactivators of OP-inhibited acetylcholinesterase. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 49:229-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Revised: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kassa J, Karasova JZ, Sepsova V, Caisberger F, Bajgar J. A comparison of the reactivating and therapeutic efficacy of chosen combinations of oximes with individual oximes against VX in rats and mice. Int J Toxicol 2012; 30:562-7. [PMID: 22013137 DOI: 10.1177/1091581811415294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The ability of 2 combinations of oximes (HI-6 + trimedoxime and HI-6 + K203) to reactivate VX-inhibited acetylcholinesterase and reduce acute toxicity of VX was compared with the reactivating and therapeutic efficacy of antidotal treatment involving a single oxime (HI-6, trimedoxime, K203) in rats and mice. Our results showed that the reactivating efficacy of both combinations of oximes studied in rats is significantly higher than the reactivating efficacy of all individual oximes in diaphragm and roughly corresponds to the most effective individual oxime in blood and brain. Both combinations of oximes were found to be more effective in the reduction of acute lethal toxicity of VX in mice than the antidotal treatment involving the most efficacious individual oxime although the difference is not significant. Based on the obtained data, we can conclude that the antidotal treatment involving the chosen combinations of oximes brings benefit for the reactivation of VX-inhibited acetylcholinesterase in rats and for the antidotal treatment of VX-induced acute poisoning in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Kassa
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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35
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Kassa J, Kunesova G. The benefit of combination of oximes for the neuroprotective efficacy of antidotal treatment of sarin-poisoned rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2011; 22:260-7. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2011.640717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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36
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Bajgar J, Hajek P, Kassa J, Slizova D, Krs O, Karasova JZ, Fusek J, Capek L, Voicu VA. Combined approach to demonstrate acetylcholinesterase activity changes in the rat brain following tabun intoxication and its treatment. Toxicol Mech Methods 2011; 22:60-6. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2011.596231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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37
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A comparison of the reactivating and therapeutic efficacy of the newly developed bispyridinium oxime K203 with currently available oximes, in sarin poisoned rats and mice. J Appl Biomed 2011. [DOI: 10.2478/v10136-011-0011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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38
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The present approaches to the development of prophylactic and therapeutic antidotes against nerve agents. Interdiscip Toxicol 2011; 1:18-21. [PMID: 21218100 PMCID: PMC2993476 DOI: 10.2478/v10102-010-0026-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2008] [Revised: 05/09/2008] [Accepted: 05/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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39
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40
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Kassa J, Karasova JZ, Tesarova S. A comparison of the neuroprotective efficacy of individual oxime (HI-6) and combinations of oximes (HI-6+trimedoxime, HI-6+K203) in soman-poisoned rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2011; 34:233-9. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2010.510525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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41
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Sorodoc L, Lionte C, Largu E, Petriş O. Benefits of butyrylcholinesterase reactivability testing in organophosphate poisoning. Hum Exp Toxicol 2011; 30:1769-76. [PMID: 21478292 DOI: 10.1177/0960327111401439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphate (OP) poisoning continues to represent an important medical issue through its high prevalence among toxic pathologies and through its severity. In diagnosing this toxicological disorder, the most frequently utilized and available laboratory test remains the assessment of plasma cholinesterase - butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) - activity. Despite the reluctance of many researchers on the usefulness of serum BChE for kinetic analysis in OP intoxications, we have tested a recently proposed protocol, which is safe, non-expensive, easy to perform, appropriate to distinguish between an aged cholinesterase and a still reactivable one. Our aim was to validate the usefulness of this protocol, studying a series of 23 consecutive patients acutely intoxicated with OP, admitted in a regional Emergency Hospital, over a 1-year period. Introducing the proposed test in the routine of monitoring OP-intoxicated patients has resulted in the identification of a pattern with a funnel aspect, consequence of the initial possibility to increment the degree of BChE activity. This funnel shape defines the presence of reactivability, while its absence demonstrates the lack of obidoximes effect, due to cholinesterase's ageing process. This method consisted in an advantage for the diagnosis, having the potential of improving prognostic evaluation and therapeutic orientation in OP intoxications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurenţiu Sorodoc
- Internal Medicine Department, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iaşi, and Medical Clinic, Sf.Ioan Emergency Clinic Hospital, Iasi, Romania.
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Kassa J, Karasova JZ, Sepsova V, Caisberger F. The benefit of combinations of oximes for the reactivating and therapeutic efficacy of antidotal treatment of sarin poisoning in rats and mice. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2011; 109:30-4. [PMID: 21235715 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2011.00678.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The influence of the combinations of oximes on the reactivating and therapeutic efficacy of antidotal treament of acute sarin poisoning was evaluated in this study. The ability of two combinations of oximes (HI-6 + trimedoxime and HI-6 + K203) to reactivate sarin-inhibited acetylcholinesterase and reduce acute toxicity of sarin was compared with the reactivating and therapeutic efficacy of antidotal treatment involving single oxime (HI-6, trimedoxime, K203) using in vivo methods. Studies determining percentage of reactivation of sarin-inhibited blood and tissue acetylcholinesterase in poisoned rats showed that the reactivating efficacy of the combination of oximes involving HI-6 and K203 is slightly higher than the reactivating efficacy of the most effective individual oxime in diaphragm and brain but the difference between them is not significant. The ability of combination of oximes involving HI-6 and trimedoxime to reactivate sarin-inhibited acetylcholinesterase roughly corresponds to the reactivating effects of the most effective individual oxime in blood as well as tissues. Moreover, both combinations of oximes were found to be as efficacious in the reduction of acute lethal toxic effects in sarin-poisoned mice as the most effective individual oxime. A comparison of reactivating and therapeutic efficacy of individual oximes showed that the oxime HI-6 is markedly more effective than the oxime K203 and trimedoxime. Based on the obtained data, we conclude that the antidotal treatment involving chosen combinations of oximes does not significantly influence the ability of the most effective individual oxime (HI-6) to reactivate sarin-inhibited rat acetylcholinesterase and to reduce acute toxicity of sarin in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Kassa
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Musilek K, Komloova M, Holas O, Horova A, Pohanka M, Gunn-Moore F, Dohnal V, Dolezal M, Kuca K. Mono-oxime bisquaternary acetylcholinesterase reactivators with prop-1,3-diyl linkage—Preparation, in vitro screening and molecular docking. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:754-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 12/05/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kassa J, Karasova JZ, Pavlikova R, Musilek K, Kuca K, Bajgar J, Jung YS. A comparison of reactivating and therapeutic efficacy of bispyridinium acetylcholinesterase reactivator KR-22934 with the oxime K203 and commonly used oximes (obidoxime, trimedoxime, HI-6) in tabun-poisoned rats and mice. Toxicol Mech Methods 2010; 21:241-5. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2010.538750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Kassa J, Karasova JZ, Tesarova S, Kuca K, Musilek K. A comparison of the ability of newly-developed bispyridinium oxime K203 and currently available oximes (trimedoxime, obidoxime, HI-6) to counteract the acute neurotoxicity of soman in rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2010; 20:445-51. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2010.497975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Voicu VA, Bajgar J, Medvedovici A, Radulescu FS, Miron DS. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of some oximes and associated therapeutic consequences: a critical review. J Appl Toxicol 2010; 30:719-29. [PMID: 20635332 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Revised: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Undoubtedly, the use of oximes represents real progress in counteracting intoxications with organophosphates (OP), through potentiating antidotal effects of atropine. The penetration extent of these compounds through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to significantly reactivate phosphorylated or phosphonylated acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the brain still remains a debatable issue. Penetration of biological barriers by oximes was investigated mainly through determination of several quantitative parameters characterizing digestive absorption and BBB penetration. A weak penetration of biological barriers could be concluded from the available experimental data. The functional parameters/therapeutic effects following the penetration of oximes through BBB, more precisely the antagonism of OP-induced seizures and hypothermia, prevention of brain damage and respiratory center protection, leading to the final end-point, the survival of intoxicated organisms, are of high interest. It seems obvious that oximes are weakly penetrating the BBB, with minimal brain AChE reactivation (<5%) in important functional areas, such as the ponto-medullar. The cerebral protection achieved through administration of oximes is only partial, without major impact on the antagonism of OP-induced seizures, hypothermia and respiratory center inhibition. The antidotal effects probably result from synergic effects of other PD properties, different from the brain AChE reactivation process. Oxime structures especially designed for enhanced BBB penetration, through potentiating the hydrophobic characteristics, more often produce neurotoxic effects. Certainly, obtaining oximes with broad action spectrum (active against all OP types) would make a sense, but certainly, such a target is not achievable only through the increase in their penetrability in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor A Voicu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Psychopharmacology, Bucharest, Romania.
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Kassa J, Karasova JZ, Tesarova S, Musilek K, Kuca K, Jung YS. A Comparison of Neuroprotective Efficacy of the Oxime K203 and its Fluorinated Analogue (KR-22836) with Obidoxime in Tabun-Poisoned Rats. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2010; 107:861-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2010.00588.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Bhattacharjee AK, Kuca K, Musilek K, Gordon RK. In silico pharmacophore model for tabun-inhibited acetylcholinesterase reactivators: a study of their stereoelectronic properties. Chem Res Toxicol 2010; 23:26-36. [PMID: 20028185 DOI: 10.1021/tx900192u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphorus (OP) nerve agents that inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7) function in the nervous system, causing acute intoxication. If untreated, death can result. Inhibited AChE can be reactivated by oximes, antidotes for OP exposure. However, OP intoxication caused by the nerve agent tabun (GA) is particularly resistant to oximes, which poorly reactivate GA-inhibited AChE. In an attempt to develop a rational strategy for the discovery and design of novel reactivators with lower toxicity and increased efficacy in reactivating GA-inhibited AChE, we developed the first in silico pharmacophore model for binding affinity of GA-inhibited AChE from a set of 11 oximes. Oximes were analyzed for stereoelectronic profiles and three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship pharmacophores using ab initio quantum chemical and pharmacophore generation methods. Quantum chemical methods were sequentially used from semiempirical AM1 to hierarchical ab initio calculations to determine the stereoelectronic properties of nine oximes exhibiting affinity for binding to GA-inhibited AChE in vivo. The calculated stereoelectronic properties led us to develop the in silico pharmacophore model using CATALYST methodology. Specific stereoelectronic profiles including the distance between bisquarternary nitrogen atoms of the pyridinium ring in the oximes, hydrophilicity, surface area, nucleophilicity of the oxime oxygen, and location of the molecular orbitals on the isosurfaces have important roles for potencies for reactivating GA-inhibited AChE. The in silico pharmacophore model of oxime affinity for binding to GA-inhibited AChE was found to require a hydrogen bond acceptor, a hydrogen bond donor at the two terminal regions, and an aromatic ring in the central region of the oximes. The model was found to be well-correlated (R = 0.9) with experimental oxime affinity for binding to GA-inhibited AChE. Additional stereoelectronic features relating activity with the location of molecular orbitals and weak electrostatic potential field over the aromatic rings were found to be consistent with the pharmacophore model. These results provided the first predictive pharmacophore model of oxime affinity for binding toward GA-inhibited AChE. The model may be useful for virtual screening of compound libraries to discover and/or custom synthesize more efficacious and less toxic reactivators that may be useful for GA intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurba K Bhattacharjee
- Department of Regulated Laboratories, Division of Regulated Activities, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, USA.
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Kassa J, Karasova JZ, Caisberger F, Musilek K, Kuca K, Jung YS. A comparison of reactivating and therapeutic efficacy of the oxime K203 and its fluorinated analog (KR-22836) with currently available oximes (obidoxime, trimedoxime, HI-6) against tabun in rats and mice. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2010; 25:480-4. [DOI: 10.3109/14756360903257918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Kassa
- Department of Toxicology, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | | | - Filip Caisberger
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Musilek
- Department of Toxicology, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Center of Advanced Studies, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Young-Sik Jung
- Medicinal Science Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Yusong, Daejeon, Korea
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Musilek K, Holas O, Misik J, Pohanka M, Novotny L, Dohnal V, Opletalova V, Kuca K. Monooxime-monocarbamoyl Bispyridinium Xylene-Linked Reactivators of Acetylcholinesterase-Synthesis, In vitro and Toxicity Evaluation, and Docking Studies. ChemMedChem 2010; 5:247-54. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200900455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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