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Lee SH, Kim EJ, Ju SY, Li Y, Lee SJ. Momordica cochinchinensis extract alleviates oxidative stress and skin damage caused by fine particulate matter. Tissue Cell 2024; 90:102496. [PMID: 39098256 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Momordica cochinchinensis (MC), commonly known as gac fruit, is a tropical fruit rich in antioxidants and bioactive compounds. This research aimed to elucidate the effect of MC on apoptosis induced by fine particulate matter with a diameter of less than 10 μm (< PM10) in epidermal keratinocyte HaCaT cells. We found that PM10 significantly diminish the viability of HaCaT cells through cytotoxic mechanisms. However, the treatment with MC at a concentration of 10 μg/mL notably restored the cellular viability decreased by PM10. MC reduced the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) by mainly preventing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HaCaT cells subjected to PM10. Furthermore, MC exhibited a regulatory effect on the expression of genes associated with apoptosis, including B-Cell Lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), and cleaved caspase-3 by inhibiting the activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). These findings demonstrate that MC aids in neutralizing the apoptotic signaling pathway of free radicals produced by environmental pollutants such as PM10, which have the potential to damage skin cells and accelerate the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Hui Lee
- Major of Human Bio-convergence, Division of Smart Healthcare, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Kim
- Major of Human Bio-convergence, Division of Smart Healthcare, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Young Ju
- Major of Human Bio-convergence, Division of Smart Healthcare, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Sei-Jung Lee
- Major of Human Bio-convergence, Division of Smart Healthcare, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
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Yao K, Mou Q, Lou X, Ye M, Zhao B, Hu Y, Luo J, Zhang H, Li X, Zhao Y. Microglial SIRT1 activation attenuates synapse loss in retinal inner plexiform layer via mTORC1 inhibition. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:202. [PMID: 37670386 PMCID: PMC10481494 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02886-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optic nerve injury (ONI) is a key cause of irreversible blindness and triggers retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) change and synapse loss. Microglia is the resistant immune cell in brain and retina and has been demonstrated to be highly related with neuron and synapse injury. However, the function of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a neuroprotective molecule, in mediating microglial activation, retinal synapse loss and subsequent retinal ganglion cells death in optic nerve injury model as well as the regulatory mechanism remain unclear. METHOD To this end, optic nerve crush (ONC) model was conducted to mimic optic nerve injury. Resveratrol and EX527, highly specific activator and inhibitor of SIRT1, respectively, were used to explore the function of SIRT1 in vivo and vitro. Cx3Cr1-CreERT2/RaptorF/F mice were used to delete Raptor for inhibiting mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activity in microglia. HEK293 and BV2 cells were transfected with plasmids to explore the regulatory mechanism of SIRT1. RESULTS We discovered that microglial activation and synapse loss in retinal inner plexiform layer (IPL) occurred after optic nerve crush, with later-development retinal ganglion cells death. SIRT1 activation induced by resveratrol inhibited microglial activation and attenuated synapse loss and retinal ganglion cells injury. After injury, microglial phagocytosed synapse and SIRT1 inhibited this process to protect synapse and retinal ganglion cells. Moreover, SIRT1 exhibited neuron protective effects via activating tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) through deacetylation, and enhancing the inhibition effect of tuberous sclerosis complex 2 on mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 activity. CONCLUSION Our research provides novel insights into microglial SIRT1 in optic nerve injury and suggests a potential strategy for neuroprotective treatment of optic nerve injury disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qianxue Mou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaotong Lou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Meng Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Bowen Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Yin Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Qu M, Xu J, Yang Y, Li R, Li T, Chen S, Di Y. Assessment of sulfamethoxazole toxicity to marine mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis): Combine p38-MAPK signaling pathway modulation with histopathological alterations. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114365. [PMID: 36508823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sulfamethoxazole (SMX), is a ubiquitous antibiotic in the aquatic environment and received concerns on its health hazards, especially its sub-lethal effects on non-target organisms which were remained largely unknown. In the present study, in order to investigate SMX induced tissue damages and reveal underlying mechanisms, marine mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis were challenged to SMX series (0.5, 50 and 500 μg/L) for six-days followed by six-day-recovery. Comprehensive histopathological alteration (including qualitative, semi-quantitative and quantitative indices), together with transcriptional and (post-) translational responses of key factors (p38, NFκB and p53) in the p38-MAPK signaling pathway were analyzed in gills and digestive glands. Tissue-specific responses were clearly investigated with gills showing more prompt responses and digestive glands showing higher tolerance to SMX. The histopathology showed that SMX triggered inflammatory damages in both tissues and quantitative analysis revealed more significant responses, suggesting its potential as a valuable health indicator. SMX activated expressions of p38, NFκB and p53 at transcriptional and (post-) translational levels, especially after exposed to low level SMX, evidenced by p38 coupled with NFκB/p53 regulation on immunity defense in mussels. Less induction of targeted molecules under severe SMX exposure indicated such signaling transduction may not be efficient enough and can result in inflammatory damages. Taken together, this study expanded the understanding of aquatic SMX induced health risk in marine mussels and the underlying regulation mechanism through p38 signaling transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Qu
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316100, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Jinzhong Xu
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316100, China
| | - Yingli Yang
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316100, China
| | - Ruofan Li
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316100, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Taiwei Li
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316100, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316100, China
| | - Yanan Di
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316100, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China.
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Saad HKM, Abd Rahman AA, Ab Ghani AS, Taib WRW, Ismail I, Johan MF, Al-Wajeeh AS, Al-Jamal HAN. Activation of STAT and SMAD Signaling Induces Hepcidin Re-Expression as a Therapeutic Target for β-Thalassemia Patients. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010189. [PMID: 35052868 PMCID: PMC8773737 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron homeostasis is regulated by hepcidin, a hepatic hormone that controls dietary iron absorption and plasma iron concentration. Hepcidin binds to the only known iron export protein, ferroportin (FPN), which regulates its expression. The major factors that implicate hepcidin regulation include iron stores, hypoxia, inflammation, and erythropoiesis. When erythropoietic activity is suppressed, hepcidin expression is hampered, leading to deficiency, thus causing an iron overload in iron-loading anemia, such as β-thalassemia. Iron overload is the principal cause of mortality and morbidity in β-thalassemia patients with or without blood transfusion dependence. In the case of thalassemia major, the primary cause of iron overload is blood transfusion. In contrast, iron overload is attributed to hepcidin deficiency and hyperabsorption of dietary iron in non-transfusion thalassemia. Beta-thalassemia patients showed marked hepcidin suppression, anemia, iron overload, and ineffective erythropoiesis (IE). Recent molecular research has prompted the discovery of new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for several diseases, including β-thalassemia. In this review, signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) and SMAD (structurally similar to the small mothers against decapentaplegic in Drosophila) pathways and their effects on hepcidin expression have been discussed as a therapeutic target for β-thalassemia patients. Therefore, re-expression of hepcidin could be a therapeutic target in the management of thalassemia patients. Data from 65 relevant published experimental articles on hepcidin and β-thalassemia between January 2016 and May 2021 were retrieved by using PubMed and Google Scholar search engines. Published articles in any language other than English, review articles, books, or book chapters were excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Kamel M. Saad
- School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus 21300, Terengganu, Malaysia; (H.K.M.S.); (W.R.W.T.); (I.I.)
| | - Alawiyah Awang Abd Rahman
- Pathology Department, Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah, Kuala Terengganu 20400, Terengganu, Malaysia; (A.A.A.R.); (A.S.A.G.)
| | - Azly Sumanty Ab Ghani
- Pathology Department, Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah, Kuala Terengganu 20400, Terengganu, Malaysia; (A.A.A.R.); (A.S.A.G.)
| | - Wan Rohani Wan Taib
- School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus 21300, Terengganu, Malaysia; (H.K.M.S.); (W.R.W.T.); (I.I.)
| | - Imilia Ismail
- School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus 21300, Terengganu, Malaysia; (H.K.M.S.); (W.R.W.T.); (I.I.)
| | - Muhammad Farid Johan
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelatan, Malaysia;
| | | | - Hamid Ali Nagi Al-Jamal
- School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus 21300, Terengganu, Malaysia; (H.K.M.S.); (W.R.W.T.); (I.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-1747-29012
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Ge J, Hao R, Rong X, Dou QP, Tan X, Li G, Li F, Li D. Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside mitigates benzo[a]pyrene-induced liver and kidney toxicity in mice via miR-101a/MKP-1-mediated p38 and ERK pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 159:112733. [PMID: 34856318 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) can cause hepatorenal toxicity. Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), a polyphenolic compound present in flaxseed, has shown a variety of biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic effects. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects and working mechanisms of SDG against BaP-induced hepatorenal injury. Forty male mice were administrated daily (via gastric gavage; 4 weeks) with 0.9% saline (control), BaP (75 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)), SDG (100 mg/kg b.w.), SDG (100 mg/kg b.w.)+BaP (75 mg/kg b.w.). Results showed that the mice treated with SDG + BaP had significantly (P < 0.05) higher body weight, lower organ-to-body weight ratio, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, and less levels of serum creatinine (CRE) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) than those treated with BaP alone. SDG administration alleviated BaP-induced oxidative damages, inflammation and apoptosis. Furthermore, it significantly (P < 0.05) downregulated phosphor-p38 (p-p38) and phosphor-extracellular regulated protein kinases (p-ERK) levels, upregulated mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) level, and suppressed miR-101a expression compared with BaP alone group. Taken together, these results showed for the first time that SDG has protective effects against BaP-induced liver and kidney toxicity in mice through regulating oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis via miR-101a/MKP-1-mediated p38 and ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlin Ge
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Rili Hao
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Xue Rong
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Q Ping Dou
- Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology & Pathology, School of Medicine, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Xintong Tan
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Guannan Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Dapeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China.
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Tart Cherry Extract Containing Chlorogenic Acid, Quercetin, and Kaempferol Inhibits the Mitochondrial Apoptotic Cell Death Elicited by Airborne PM 10 in Human Epidermal Keratinocytes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030443. [PMID: 33805724 PMCID: PMC8001120 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tart cherry (Prunus cerasus L.), a medicinal food containing high concentrations of phytochemicals, has a variety of antioxidant activities and health benefits. Here, we investigate the functional effect of tart cherry during apoptotic cell death elicited by airborne particulate matter with a diameter of <10 μm (PM10) in human epidermal keratinocyte HaCaT cells. The PM10 particles significantly induced cytotoxicity in the HaCaT cells. The decrease in cell viability was restored upon treatment with tart cherry extract (200 μg/mL) containing chlorogenic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol. Tart cherry inhibited the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsible for the distinctive activations of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in PM10-treated HaCaT cells. Interestingly, tart cherry significantly inhibited the expression of apoptosis-related genes (B-Cell Lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), and caspase-3) as regulated by the activation of transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). These results demonstrate that tart cherry is a medicinal food that blocks the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis induced by PM10 in human epidermal keratinocytes.
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Mai Y, Peng S, Li H, Gao Y, Lai Z. NOD-like receptor signaling pathway activation: A potential mechanism underlying negative effects of benzo(α)pyrene on zebrafish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 240:108935. [PMID: 33161151 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Benzo(α)pyrene (BaP) is one of typical polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aquatic environments and has been shown to cause toxic effects to aquatic animals. Although the negative effects of BaP have been investigated, the potential toxic mechanisms remain uncharacterized. To explore the potential mechanisms mediating the toxic effects of BaP, zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to BaP for 15 days and the toxic effects of BaP in zebrafish liver were investigated using physiological and transcriptomic analyses. After 15-day BaP exposure, zebrafish liver exhibited abnormalities including increased cytoplasmic vacuolation, inflammatory cell infiltration, swelled nuclei and irregular pigmentation. BaP exposure also induced oxidative stress to the liver of zebrafish. Transcriptomic profiles revealed 5129 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after 15-days of BaP exposure, and the vast majority of DEGs were up-regulated under BaP treatment. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses suggest that genes related to immune response were significantly dysregulated. Furthermore, the nucleotide-binding, oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor signaling pathway was significantly enriched and most of the genes in this pathway exhibited enhanced expression after BaP exposure. These results partially explained the mechanisms underlying the toxic effects of BaP on zebrafish liver. In conclusion, BaP has the potential to induce physiological responses in zebrafish liver through altering associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhan Mai
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, People's Republic of China
| | - Songyao Peng
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, People's Republic of China
| | - Zini Lai
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, People's Republic of China; Fishery Ecological Environment Monitoring Center of Pearl River Basin, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510380, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510380, People's Republic of China.
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Alzahrani AM, Rajendran P. Pinocembrin attenuates benzo(a)pyrene-induced CYP1A1 expression through multiple pathways: An in vitro and in vivo study. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22695. [PMID: 33393179 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P], which is a carcinogen, is a substance most typically known in cigarette smoke and considered as an important intermediary of lung cancer. The enzyme CYP1A1 is crucial for the metabolic conversion of B(a)P into the intermediates that induce carcinogenesis. Stimulation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, which is regulated by B(a)P, is thought to induce numerous signaling cascades. Interruption in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway causes changes in cellular processes and may alter the AhR pathway. The aim of this investigation is to examine the potential ability of a flavonoid pinocembrin (PCB) to alleviate B(a)P toxicity and analyze the underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that PCB inhibited DNA adduct formation by attenuating CYP1A1 expression through the suppression of the AhR/Src/ERK pathways. PCB mitigated the B(a)P-stimulated DNA damage, inhibited Src and ERK1/2 expression, decreased CYP1A1 expression, and reduced the B(a)P-induced stimulation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling in lung epithelial cells. Finally, the activity of CYP1A1 and Src in lung tissues from mice supplemented with PCB was noticeably decreased and lower than that in lung tissues from mice supplemented with B(a)P alone. Collectively, these data suggest that PCB may alleviate the toxic effects of PAHs, which are important environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah M Alzahrani
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Peramaiyan Rajendran
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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Lu Y, Liu B, Liu Y, Yu X, Cheng G. Dual effects of active ERK in cancer: A potential target for enhancing radiosensitivity. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:993-1000. [PMID: 32724338 PMCID: PMC7377092 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) is an important cancer treatment approach. However, radioresistance eventually occurs, resulting in poor outcomes in patients with cancer. Radioresistance is associated with multiple signaling pathways, particularly pro-survival signaling pathways. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) cascade is an important signaling pathway that initiates several cellular processes and is regulated by various stimuli, including IR. Although numerous studies have demonstrated the pro-survival effects of active ERK, activation of ERK has also been associated with cell death, indicating that radiosensitization may occur by ERK stimulation. In this context, the present review describes the associations between ERK signaling, cancer and IR, and discusses the association between ERK and its pro-survival function in cancer cells, including stimuli, molecular mechanisms, clinical use of inhibitors and underlying limitations. Additionally, the present review introduces the view that active ERK may induce cell death, and describes the potential factors associated with this process. This review describes the various outcomes induced by active ERK to prompt future studies to aim to enhance radiosensitivity in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinliang Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Baocai Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Xinyue Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Guanghui Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
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Zhao YQ, Zhang L, Zhao GX, Chen Y, Sun KL, Wang B. Fucoxanthin attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity via anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic mechanisms associated with p38, JNK and p53 pathways. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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George VC, Ansari SA, Chelakkot VS, Chelakkot AL, Chelakkot C, Menon V, Ramadan W, Ethiraj KR, El-Awady R, Mantso T, Mitsiogianni M, Panagiotidis MI, Dellaire G, Vasantha Rupasinghe HP. DNA-dependent protein kinase: Epigenetic alterations and the role in genomic stability of cancer. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2018; 780:92-105. [PMID: 31395353 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), a member of phosphatidylinositol-kinase family, is a key protein in mammalian DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair that helps to maintain genomic integrity. DNA-PK also plays a central role in immune cell development and protects telomerase during cellular aging. Epigenetic deregulation due to endogenous and exogenous factors may affect the normal function of DNA-PK, which in turn could impair DNA repair and contribute to genomic instability. Recent studies implicate a role for epigenetics in the regulation of DNA-PK expression in normal and cancer cells, which may impact cancer progression and metastasis as well as provide opportunities for treatment and use of DNA-PK as a novel cancer biomarker. In addition, several small molecules and biological agents have been recently identified that can inhibit DNA-PK function or expression, and thus hold promise for cancer treatments. This review discusses the impact of epigenetic alterations and the expression of DNA-PK in relation to the DNA repair mechanisms with a focus on its differential levels in normal and cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vazhappilly Cijo George
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada; Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shabbir Ahmed Ansari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Vipin Shankar Chelakkot
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | | | - Chaithanya Chelakkot
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Varsha Menon
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wafaa Ramadan
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Raafat El-Awady
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute and College of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Theodora Mantso
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada; Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Melina Mitsiogianni
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada; Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Mihalis I Panagiotidis
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Dellaire
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - H P Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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12
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Ling X, Yang W, Zou P, Zhang G, Wang Z, Zhang X, Chen H, Peng K, Han F, Liu J, Cao J, Ao L. TERT regulates telomere-related senescence and apoptosis through DNA damage response in male germ cells exposed to BPDE in vitro and to B[a]P in vivo. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 235:836-849. [PMID: 29353801 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that impaired telomere function is associated with male infertility, and various environmental factors are believed to play a pivotal role in telomerase deficiency and telomere shortening. Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a ubiquitous pollutant of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), can act as a reproductive toxicant; however, the adverse effect of B[a]P on telomeres in male reproductive cells has never been studied, and the related mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we explored the effects of benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE), the active metabolite of B[a]P, on telomere dysfunction in mouse spermatocyte-derived cells (GC-2) and also the potential role of telomerase in BPDE-induced spermatogenic cell damage. The results showed that BPDE induced cell viability inhibition, senescence, and apoptosis in GC-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Shortened telomeres, telomere-associated DNA damage, reduced telomerase activity, and TERT expression were also observed in BPDE-treated cells, accompanied with the activation of DNA damage response pathway (ATM/Chk1/p53/p21). Moreover, by establishing the TERT knockdown and re-expression cell models, we found that TERT regulated telomere length and the expression of DNA damage response-related proteins to influence senescence and apoptosis in GC-2 cells. These in vitro findings were further confirmed in vivo in the testicular cells of rats orally administrated with B[a]P for 7 days. B[a]P treatment resulted in histological lesions, apoptosis, and senescence in the testes of rats, which were accompanied by shortened telomeres, reduced levels of TERT protein, and increased expression of DNA damage response-related proteins. In conclusion, it can be concluded that TERT-mediated telomere dysfunction contributes to B[a]P- and BPDE-induced senescence and apoptosis through DNA damage response in male reproductive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Ling
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wang Yang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Peng Zou
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Guowei Zhang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hongqiang Chen
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Kaige Peng
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Fei Han
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jinyi Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jia Cao
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lin Ao
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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13
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Zha J, Hong X, Rao H, Yuan L, Wang Z, Kumaran SS. Benzo(a)pyrene-induced a mitochondria-independent apoptosis of liver in juvenile Chinese rare minnows (Gobiocypris rarus). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 231:191-199. [PMID: 28800488 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To examine the effects of BaP on tissue apoptosis, laboratory studies were conducted using juvenile Chinese rare minnows (Gobiocypris rarus) exposed to 1, 5, 20, and 80 μg/L of BaP for 28 days. The post-treatment pathological findings in the liver were associated with hepatocyte swelling, karyopyknosis, and karyorrhexis. Moreover, an increase in the goblet cells in the intestine, epithelial hyperplasia of the gills and fusion of gill lamellae were observed. Significant increases in hepatocyte apoptosis using the TUNEL stain were observed in the liver tissue but not in the intestine and gills. In addition, BaP exposure significantly up-regulated the mRNA levels of cyp1a1, p53, bax, bcl-2, and caspase-9 in the liver following the 5, 20, and 80 μg/L treatments, whereas the apaf-1 was significantly down-regulated following all treatments. Moreover, the activities of caspase 3 and caspase 8 were markedly elevated, whereas the protein expression levels of Apaf-1 were down-regulated following the 20 and 80 μg/L treatments. Taken together, our results suggested that BaP strongly induces tissue-specific apoptosis in vivo, leading to significant pathological changes. The responsiveness of apoptotic-related genes demonstrates that BaP induced apoptosis in the liver may be through a mitochondria-independent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmiao Zha
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Xiangsheng Hong
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Haiou Rao
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Lilai Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zijian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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14
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Muscella A, Cossa LG, Vetrugno C, Antonaci G, Marsigliante S. Inhibition of ZL55 cell proliferation by ADP via PKC-dependent signalling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:2526-2536. [PMID: 28777435 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular nucleotides can regulate cell proliferation in both normal and tumorigenic tissues. Here, we studied how extracellular nucleotides regulate the proliferation of ZL55 cells, a mesothelioma-derived cell line obtained from bioptic samples of asbestos-exposed patients. ADP and 2-MeS-ADP inhibited ZL55 cell proliferation, whereas ATP, UTP, and UDP were inactive. The nucleotide potency profile and the blockade of the ADP-mediated inhibitory effect by the phospholipase C inhibitor U-73122 suggest that P2Y1 receptor controls ZL55 cell proliferation. The activation of P2Y1 receptor by ADP leads to activation of intracellular transduction pathways involving [Ca2+ ]i , PKC-δ/PKC-α, and MAPKs, ERK1/2 and JNK1/2. Cell treatment with ADP or 2-MeS-ADP also provokes the activation of p53, causing an accumulation of the G1 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21WAF1 and p27Kip . Inhibition of ZL55 cell proliferation by ADP was completely reversed by inhibiting MEK1/2, or JNK1/2, or PKC-δ, and PKC-α. Through the inhibition of ADP-activated transductional kinases it was found that PKC-δ was responsible for JNK1/2 activation. JNK1/2 has a role in transcriptional up-regulation of p53, p21WAF1/CIP1 , and p27kip1 . Conversely, the ADP-activated PKC-α provoked ERK1/2 phosphorylation. ERK1/2 increased p53 stabilization, required to G1 arrest of ZL55 cells. Concluding, the importance of the study is twofold: first, results shed light on the mechanism of cell cycle inhibition by ADP; second, results suggest that extracellular ADP may inhibit mesothelioma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Muscella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Universita' del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Luca G Cossa
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Universita' del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Carla Vetrugno
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Universita' del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giovanna Antonaci
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Universita' del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Santo Marsigliante
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Universita' del Salento, Lecce, Italy
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Hao Y, Zhang Z, Han D, Cao Y, Zhou P, Wei Z, Lv M, Chen D. Gene expression profiling of human blastocysts from in vivo and 'rescue IVM' with or without melatonin treatment. Mol Med Rep 2017. [PMID: 28627630 PMCID: PMC5561793 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of melatonin supplementation in maturation medium for human 'rescue IVM' and investigate differences in transcriptomic profile of blastocysts developed from oocytes matured in vitro with/without melatonin treatment and in vivo, a total of 314 GV oocytes and 320 MI oocytes were collected from 200 patients younger than 35 years old undergoing ICSI cycle. The oocytes were randomly distributed in the control group (no melatonin) and four other groups of varying melatonin concentrations (10‑11, 10‑9, 10‑7, 10‑5 mol/l). Gene profiling was performed on blastocysts developed from in vivo maturation oocytes (in vivo group), and in vitro maturation (IVM) oocytes with an optimal concentration of melatonin treatment (IVM‑anti group) or without melatonin (IVM group). The ratio of high quality blastocysts was significantly higher in the groups treated with 10‑5 mol/l melatonin compared with others groups. The large‑scale analysis of the transcriptome revealed significant differences in mRNA expression levels. In each group, nine blastocysts were selected for gene expression profiling. The differentially expressed genes were involved in cysteine and methionine metabolism, regulation of apoptotic process, mineral absorption, steroid hormone biosynthesis, Wnt signaling, p53 signaling pathway and other functions. The findings indicated that the IVM procedure may potentially affect DNA methylation and the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Exogenous melatonin positively influenced quality of blastocysts, which may be mediated via upregulation of p53 signaling and correcting DNA methylation changes caused by 'rescue IVM'. However, this study reflected what was generally referred to as 'rescue IVM' and was not a true reflection of clinical IVM techniques. Therefore, melatonin required further investigation as a promising supplement for use in IVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Dan Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yunxia Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Zhaolian Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Mingrong Lv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Dawei Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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16
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Hosseinzadeh A, Kamrava SK, Joghataei MT, Darabi R, Shakeri-Zadeh A, Shahriari M, Reiter RJ, Ghaznavi H, Mehrzadi S. Apoptosis signaling pathways in osteoarthritis and possible protective role of melatonin. J Pineal Res 2016; 61:411-425. [PMID: 27555371 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by progressive erosion of articular cartilage. As chondrocytes are the only cell type forming the articular cartilage, their gradual loss is the main cause of OA. There is a substantial body of published research that suggests reactive oxygen species (ROS) are major causative factors for chondrocyte damage and OA development. Oxidative stress elicited by ROS is capable of oxidizing and subsequently disrupting cartilage homeostasis, promoting catabolism via induction of cell death and damaging numerous components of the joint. IL-1β and TNF-α are crucial inflammatory factors that play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of OA. In this process, the mitochondria are the major source of ROS production in cells, suggesting a role of mitochondrial dysfunction in this type of arthritis. This may also be promoted by inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α which contribute to chondrocyte death. In patients with OA, the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated molecules is positively correlated with cartilage degeneration. Melatonin and its metabolites are broad-spectrum antioxidants and free radical scavengers which regulate a variety of molecular pathways such as inflammation, proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis in different pathophysiological situations. Herein, we review the effects of melatonin on OA, focusing on its ability to regulate apoptotic processes and ER and mitochondrial activity. We also evaluate likely protective effects of melatonin on OA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Kamran Kamrava
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center, Hazrate Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Radbod Darabi
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (CSCRM), Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ali Shakeri-Zadeh
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansour Shahriari
- Ophthalmology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ,
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Deryabin PI, Borodkina AV, Nikolsky NN, Burova EB. The relationship between p53/p21/Rb and MAPK signaling pathways in human endometrium-derived stem cells under oxidative stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990519x16030056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Won EJ, Kim RO, Kang HM, Kim HS, Hwang DS, Han J, Lee YH, Hwang UK, Zhou B, Lee SJ, Lee JS. Adverse Effects, Expression of the Bk-CYP3045C1 Gene, and Activation of the ERK Signaling Pathway in the Water Accommodated Fraction-Exposed Rotifer. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:6025-6035. [PMID: 27135705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b01306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To examine the deleterious effects of the water accommodated fraction (WAF) of crude oil, the growth curve, fecundity, and lifespan of the monogonont rotifer (Brachionus koreanus) were measured for 24 h in response to three different doses (0.2×, 0.4×, and 0.8×) of WAFs. A higher dose of WAFs significantly reduced the fecundity and lifespan. A rotifer 32K microarray chip showed that the Bk-CYP3045C1 gene had the highest expression. Of the 25 entire CYP genes, the Bk-CYP3045C1 gene showed a significant expression for different doses and times in response to WAFs and chemical components of WAFs (naphthalene and phenanthrene); also, glutathione S-transferase genes, ABC transporter, and other genes showed dose responses upon exposure to 80% WAF over time. Different doses of WAFs increased the oxidative stress with an induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a depletion of glutathione (GSH). Exposure to WAFs did not show toxic effects on survivability in B. koreanus; however, toxicity to WAFs was shown when piperonyl butoxide, a potent inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, was added. This toxicity was dose-dependent. After WAFs exposure, p-ERK was activated over time in response to WAFs, which suggests that WAFs can be activated by the p-ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ji Won
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419, South Korea
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology , Ansan 15627, South Korea
| | - Ryeo-Ok Kim
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Hye-Min Kang
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Hui-Su Kim
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Dae-Sik Hwang
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Jeonghoon Han
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Young Hwan Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Un-Ki Hwang
- Marine Ecological Risk Assessment Center, West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute , Incheon 22383, South Korea
| | - Bingsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Su-Jae Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University , Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419, South Korea
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Shen M, Shi H. Estradiol and Estrogen Receptor Agonists Oppose Oncogenic Actions of Leptin in HepG2 Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151455. [PMID: 26982332 PMCID: PMC4794158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a significant risk factor for certain cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Leptin, a hormone secreted by white adipose tissue, precipitates HCC development. Epidemiology data show that men have a much higher incidence of HCC than women, suggesting that estrogens and its receptors may inhibit HCC development and progression. Whether estrogens antagonize oncogenic action of leptin is uncertain. To investigate potential inhibitory effects of estrogens on leptin-induced HCC development, HCC cell line HepG2 cells were treated with leptin in combination with 17 β-estradiol (E2), estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) selective agonist PPT, ER-β selective agonist DPN, or G protein-coupled ER (GPER) selective agonist G-1. Cell number, proliferation, and apoptosis were determined, and leptin- and estrogen-related intracellular signaling pathways were analyzed. HepG2 cells expressed a low level of ER-β mRNA, and leptin treatment increased ER-β expression. E2 suppressed leptin-induced HepG2 cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally E2 reversed leptin-induced STAT3 and leptin-suppressed SOCS3, which was mainly achieved by activation of ER-β. E2 also enhanced ERK via activating ER-α and GPER and activated p38/MAPK via activating ER-β. To conclude, E2 and its receptors antagonize the oncogenic actions of leptin in HepG2 cells by inhibiting cell proliferation and stimulating cell apoptosis, which was associated with reversing leptin-induced changes in SOCS3/STAT3 and increasing p38/MAPK by activating ER-β, and increasing ERK by activating ER-α and GPER. Identifying roles of different estrogen receptors would provide comprehensive understanding of estrogenic mechanisms in HCC development and shed light on potential treatment for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minqian Shen
- Department of Biology, Cell, Molecular, and Structural Biology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Haifei Shi
- Department of Biology, Cell, Molecular, and Structural Biology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Stępnik M, Spryszyńska S, Smok-Pieniążek A, Ferlińska M, Roszak J, Nocuń M. The modulating effect of ATM, ATR, DNA-PK inhibitors on the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of benzo[a]pyrene in human hepatocellular cancer cell line HepG2. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 40:988-996. [PMID: 26595742 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effect of inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-related kinases (PIKK): ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM), ATM- and Rad3-related (ATR) and DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) on response of HepG2 human liver cancer cells to benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) was investigated. PIKK inhibitors: KU55933 (5 μM), NU7026 (10 μM) or caffeine (1 and 2mM) when used as single agents or in combinations (KU55933/NU7026 and caffeine/NU7026) did not significantly influence the BaP (3 μM) cytotoxicity (MTT reduction test). BaP induced a weak proapoptotic effect which was moderately enhanced by both inhibitor combinations. HepG2 cells exposed to BaP showed a strong S-phase arrest which was considerably diminished by both inhibitor combinations. The DNA damage (comet assay) induced after continuous 24h exposure to BaP was significantly diminished by both inhibitor combinations. Weak induction of reactive oxygen species by BaP was observed, which was not modulated by the inhibitor combinations. Similarly, no modulation of the glutathione levels was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Stępnik
- Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Sylwia Spryszyńska
- Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Anna Smok-Pieniążek
- Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Ferlińska
- Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Joanna Roszak
- Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Marek Nocuń
- Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland.
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21
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Zhang J, Shen L, Sun LQ. The regulation of radiosensitivity by p53 and its acetylation. Cancer Lett 2015; 363:108-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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22
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Chen PY, Wu MJ, Chang HY, Tai MH, Ho CT, Yen JH. Up-Regulation of miR-34a Expression in Response to the Luteolin-Induced Neurite Outgrowth of PC12 Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:4148-4159. [PMID: 25865700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Luteolin (3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone), a flavonoid found in several vegetables and fruits, has been reported to possess neurotrophic activities that are associated with its capacity to promote neuronal survival and differentiation. In the present study, we report for the first time a genomewide screen for microRNAs (miRNAs) regulated during the luteolin-mediated neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells. We found that after luteolin treatment, the abundance of 16 miRNAs was markedly up-regulated and that of 3 miRNAs was down-regulated in PC12 cells. The induction of miR-34a by luteolin was the most pronounced among these differentially expressed miRNAs. The correlation between miR-34a down-regulation and decreased luteolin-mediated neurite outgrowth may indicate a mechanism by which miR-34a may act as a modulator of neuronal differentiation. Furthermore, we found that luteolin enhanced the phosphorylation of p53 at Ser15, which was associated with the promotion of miR-34a transcription and neurite outgrowth. Moreover, the level of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a known miR-34a target, was reduced during luteolin-induced neurite outgrowth. In turn, the level of acetylated p53, a substrate of SIRT1, was correspondingly increased in luteolin-treated PC12 cells. In addition to p53 activation, we further identified that luteolin-induced miR-34a transcription and neurite outgrowth involved the activation of the JNK and p38 MAPK pathways. However, the inhibition of JNK and p38 MAPK activation did not block luteolin-induced p53 activation in PC12 cells. Our findings suggested that the activation of both p53-dependent and p53-independent miR-34a/SIRT1 pathways plays a critical role in the mechanisms underlying luteolin-induced neuritogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yi Chen
- †Center of Medical Genetics, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jiuan Wu
- ‡Department of Biotechnology, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Chi-Tang Ho
- #Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8520, United States
| | - Jui-Hung Yen
- ∥Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
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Jarvis I, Bergvall C, Morales D, Kummrow F, Umbuzeiro G, Westerholm R, Stenius U, Dreij K. Nanomolar levels of PAHs in extracts from urban air induce MAPK signaling in HepG2 cells. Toxicol Lett 2014; 229:25-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Zhang W, Liu N, Wang X, Jin X, Du H, Peng G, Xue J. Benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide induced p53-independent necrosis via the mitochondria-associated pathway involving Bax and Bak activation. Hum Exp Toxicol 2014; 34:179-90. [PMID: 24837741 DOI: 10.1177/0960327114533358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE) is a highly reactive DNA damage agent and can induce cell death through both p53-independent and -dependent pathways. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of p53-independent pathways in BPDE-induced cell death. To understand the p53-independent mechanisms, we have now examined BPDE-induced cytotoxicity in p53-deficient baby mouse kidney (BMK) cells. The results showed that BPDE could induce Bax and Bak activation, cytochrome c release, caspases activation, and necrotic cell death in the BMK cells. Bax and Bak, two key molecules of mitochondrial permeability transition pore, were interdependently activated by BPDE, with Bax and Bak translocation to and Bax/Bak homo-oligomerization in mitochondria, release of cytochrome c was induced. Importantly, cytochrome c release and necrotic cell death were diminished in BMK cells (Bax−/−), BMK cells (Bak−/−), and BMK cells (Bax−/−/Bak−/−). Furthermore, overexpression of Bcl-2 could ameliorate BPDE-induced cytochrome c release and necrosis. Together the findings suggested that BPDE-induced necrosis was modulated by the p53-independent pathway, which was related to the translocation of Bax and Bak to mitochondria, release of cytochrome c, and activation of caspases.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - N Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan Provincial People Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - X Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - X Jin
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - H Du
- Department of General Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - G Peng
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - J Xue
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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25
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Maciel ES, Biasibetti R, Costa AP, Lunardi P, Schunck RVA, Becker GC, Arbo MD, Dallegrave E, Gonçalves CA, Saldiva PHN, Garcia SC, Leal RB, Leal MB. Subchronic oral administration of Benzo[a]pyrene impairs motor and cognitive behavior and modulates S100B levels and MAPKs in rats. Neurochem Res 2014; 39:731-40. [PMID: 24584819 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1261-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is an environmental contaminant produced during incomplete combustion of organic material that is well known as a mutagenic and carcinogenic toxin. There are few studies addressing the molecular and cellular basis of behavioural alterations related to BaP exposure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of subchronic oral administration of BaP on behavioral and neurochemical parameters. Wistar male rats received BaP (2 mg/kg) or corn oil (control), once a day for 28 days (n = 12/group). Spontaneous locomotor activity and short- and long-term memories were evaluated. Glial fibrillary acid protein and S100B content in the hippocampus, serum and CSF were measured using ELISA and total and phosphorylated forms of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) named extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2, p38(MAPK) and c-Jun amino-terminal kinases 1 and 2, in the hippocampus, were evaluated by western blotting. BaP induced a significant increase on locomotor activity and a decrease in short-term memory. S100B content was increased significantly in cerebrospinal fluid. BaP induced a decrease on ERK2 phosphorylation in the hippocampus. Thus, BaP subchronic treatment induces an astroglial response and impairs both motor and cognitive behavior, with parallel inhibition of ERK2, a signaling enzyme involved in the hippocampal neuroplasticity. All these effects suggest that BaP neurotoxicity is a concern for environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Santos Maciel
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500/107, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
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26
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Karabulut S, Demiroğlu-Zergeroğlu A, Yılmaz E, Sağır F, Delikara N. p53 and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway protein profiles in fresh and frozen spermatozoa. Andrologia 2013; 46:1113-7. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Karabulut
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Gebze Institute of Technology; Kocaeli Turkey
- Florence Nightingale Hospital; Center for Reproductive Medicine; Istanbul Turkey
| | | | - E. Yılmaz
- Florence Nightingale Hospital; Center for Reproductive Medicine; Istanbul Turkey
| | - F. Sağır
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Gebze Institute of Technology; Kocaeli Turkey
| | - N. Delikara
- Florence Nightingale Hospital; Center for Reproductive Medicine; Istanbul Turkey
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27
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Jiang Y, Chen X, Yang G, Wang Q, Wang J, Xiong W, Yuan J. BaP-induced DNA damage initiated p53-independent necroptosis via the mitochondrial pathway involving Bax and Bcl-2. Hum Exp Toxicol 2013; 32:1245-57. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327113488613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), a typical environmental carcinogen, can induce cell death both by protein 53 or tumor protein 53 (p53)-independent and -dependent pathways. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of p53-independent pathways in BaP-induced cell death. In this study, cells with different genetic background (including p53-proficient human fetal lung fibroblast cell lines (MRC-5), p53-deficient human non-small-cell lung carcinoma cell lines (H1299), and p53-knockdown cell lines (MRC-5 p53−/−)) were used to establish models of BaP-induced cell death. The results showed that BaP (8, 16, 32, and 64 μM) induced necroptotic cell death in the cell lines. The necroptotic cell death and DNA damage were concurrently observed. In the three cell lines, at 24 h after treatment, BaP (8–64 μM) upregulated expressions of BAX, BCL-2, and cleaved caspase-3 proteins, but not their messenger RNA levels. The findings suggested that BaP-induced necroptosis was modulated by the p53-independent pathway, which was related to the induction of BAX, decreased expression of BCL-2, and activation of caspase-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Jiang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - X Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - G Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Q Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - W Xiong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - J Yuan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
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28
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Picone P, Nuzzo D, Di Carlo M. Ferulic acid: a natural antioxidant against oxidative stress induced by oligomeric A-beta on sea urchin embryo. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2013; 224:18-28. [PMID: 23493505 DOI: 10.1086/bblv224n1p18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by loss of memory and impairment of multiple cognitive functions. Amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) is the main component of amyloid plaques observed in the brain of individuals affected by AD. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, induced by Aβ, are among the earliest events in AD, triggering neuronal degeneration and cell death. Use of natural molecules with antioxidant properties could be a suitable strategy for inhibiting the cell death cascade. Here, by employing the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus as a model system, and Aβ oligomers, we tested the effectiveness of ferulic acid (FA), a natural antioxidant, as a putative AD neuroprotective compound. By microscopic inspection we observed that FA is able to reverse morphological defects induced by Aβ oligomers in P. lividus embryos. In addition, FA is able to neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS), recover mitochondrial membrane potential, and block apoptotic pathways. Moreover, this model system has allowed us to obtain information about down- or up-regulation of some key molecules--Foxo3a, ERK, and p53--involved in the antioxidant mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Picone
- Istituto di Biomedicina ed Immunologia Molecolare (IBIM)-CNR, via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy
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29
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LEE SUNYOUNG, SHIN SEOKJOON, KIM HOSHIK. ERK1/2 activation mediated by the nutlin-3-induced mitochondrial translocation of p53. Int J Oncol 2013; 42:1027-35. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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30
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Yang SH, Liao PH, Pan YF, Chen SL, Chou SS, Chou MY. The novel p53-dependent metastatic and apoptotic pathway induced by vitexin in human oral cancer OC2 cells. Phytother Res 2012; 27:1154-61. [PMID: 22976055 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Vitexin, identified as apigenin-8-C-D-glucopyranoside, a natural flavonoid compound found in certain herbs such as hawthorn herb, has been reported to exhibit anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-metastatic and antitumor properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible existence of p53-dependent pathway underlying vitexin-induced metastasis and apoptosis in human oral cancer cells, OC2 cells. Vitexin decreased cell viability significantly. Meanwhile, the expression of tumor suppressor p53 and a small group of its downstream genes, p21(WAF1) and Bax, were upregulated. The p53 inhibitor pifithrin-α (PFT-α) knockdown of the signaling of p53 led vitexin to lose its antitumor effect and inhibited the expression of p53 downstream genes, p2(WAF1) and Bax. Vitexin had anti-metastatic potential accompanied with increasing plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) accumulation and decreasing matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression. Our present study evidenced, by using p53 inhibitor PFT-α, PAI-1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ are downstream genes of p53 in vitexin-induced signaling. MAPK inhibitor PD98059 decreased the OC2 cells viability significantly. The expression of p53 and its downstream genes p21(WAF1) and Bax were enhanced by blocking the activation of p42/p44 MAPK in response to treatment with vitexin. Moreover, p42/p44 MAPK played a negative role in p53-dependent metastasis and apoptosis. We give evidence for the first time that the novel p53-dependent metastatic and apoptotic pathway induced by vitexin in human oral cancer OC2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Huang Yang
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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31
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Heo JI, Oh SJ, Kho YJ, Kim JH, Kang HJ, Park SH, Kim HS, Shin JY, Kim MJ, Kim M, Kim SC, Park JB, Kim J, Lee JY. ATM mediates interdependent activation of p53 and ERK through formation of a ternary complex with p-p53 and p-ERK in response to DNA damage. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:8007-14. [PMID: 22576881 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1647-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage in eukaryotic cells induces signaling pathways mediated by the ATM, p53 and ERK proteins, but the interactions between these pathways are not completely known. To address this issue, we performed a time course analysis in human embryonic fibroblast cells treated with DNA-damaging agents. DNA damage induced the phosphorylation of p53 at Ser 15 (p-p53) and the phosphorylation of ERK (p-ERK). Inhibition of p53 by a dominant negative mutant or in p53(-/-) fibroblast cells abolished ERK phosphorylation. ERK inhibitor prevented p53 phosphorylation, indicating that phosphorylations of p53 and p-ERK are interdependent each other. A time course analysis showed that ATM interacted with p-p53 and p-ERK in early time (0.5 h) and interaction between ATM-bound p-p53 and p-ERK or ATM-bound p-ERK and p-p53 occurred in late time (3 h) of DNA damage. These results indicate that ATM mediates interdependent activation of p53 and ERK through formation of a ternary complex between p-p53 and p-ERK in response to DNA damage to cause growth arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-In Heo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-702, South Korea
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Chen D, Zheng W, Lin A, Uyhazi K, Zhao H, Lin H. Pumilio 1 suppresses multiple activators of p53 to safeguard spermatogenesis. Curr Biol 2012; 22:420-5. [PMID: 22342750 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2012.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
During spermatogenesis, germ cells initially expand exponentially through mitoses. A majority of these cells are then eliminated through p53-mediated apoptosis to maintain germline homeostasis. However, the activity of p53 must be precisely modulated, especially suppressed in postmitotic spermatogenic cells, to guarantee robustness of spermatogenesis. Currently, how the suppression is achieved is not understood. Here, we show that Pumilio 1, a posttranscriptional regulator, binds to mRNAs representing 1,527 genes, with significant enrichment for mRNAs involved in pathways regulating p53, cell cycle, and MAPK signaling. In particular, eight mRNAs encoding activators of p53 are repressed by Pumilio 1. Deleting Pumilio 1 results in strong activation of p53 and apoptosis mostly in spermatocytes, which disrupts sperm production and fertility. Removing p53 reduces apoptosis and rescues testicular hypotrophy in Pumilio 1 null mice. These results indicate that key components of the p53 pathway are coordinately regulated by Pumilio 1 at the posttranscriptional level, which may exemplify an RNA operon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Chen
- Yale Stem Cell Center and Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
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Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: bulky DNA adducts and cellular responses. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2012; 101:107-31. [PMID: 22945568 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7643-8340-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Environmental and dietary carcinogens such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been intensively studied for decades. Although the genotoxicity of these compounds is well characterized (i.e., formation of bulky PAH-DNA adducts), molecular details on the DNA damage response triggered by PAHs in cells and tissues remain to be clarified. The conversion of hazardous PAHs into carcinogenic intermediates depends on enzyme-catalyzed biotransformation. Certain cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases (CYPs) play a pivotal role in PAH metabolism. In particular, CYP1A1 and 1B1 catalyze oxidation of PAHs toward primary epoxide species that can further be converted into multiple follow-up products, both nonenzymatically and enzymatically. Distinct functions between these major CYP enzymes have only been appreciated since transgenic animal models had been derived. Electrophilic PAH metabolites are capable of forming stable DNA adducts or to promote depurination at damaged nucleotide sites. During the following DNA replication cycle, bulky PAH-DNA adducts may be converted into mutations, thereby affecting hot spot sites in regulatory important genes such as Ras, p53, and others. Depending on the degree of DNA distortion and cell cycle progression, PAH-DNA adducts trigger nucleotide excision repair (NER) and various DNA damage responses that might include TP53-dependent apoptosis in certain cell types. In fact, cellular responses to bulky PAH-DNA damage are complex because distinct signaling branches such as ATM/ATR, NER, TP53, but also MAP kinases, interact and cooperate to determine the overall outcome to cellular injuries initiated by PAH-DNA adducts. Further, PAHs and other xenobiotics can also confer DNA damage via an alternative route of metabolic activation, which leads to the generation of PAH semiquinone radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS). One-electron oxidations mediated by peroxidases or other enzymes can result in PAH radical cations that mainly form unstable DNA adducts subjected to depurination. In addition, generation of ROS can also trigger multiple cellular signaling pathways not directly related to mutagenic or cytotoxic effects, including those mediated by NFκB, SAPK/JNK, and p38. In recent years, it became clear that PAHs may also be involved in inflammatory diseases, autoimmune disorders, or atherosclerosis. Further research is under way to better characterize the significance of such newly recognized systemic effects of PAHs and to reconsider risk assessment for human health.
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Jiang Y, Zhou X, Chen X, Yang G, Wang Q, Rao K, Xiong W, Yuan J. Benzo(a)pyrene-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death in p53-null Hep3B cells. Mutat Res 2011; 726:75-83. [PMID: 21911080 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) has been shown to induce apoptosis and necrosis in various cell types. However, the effect of BaP on mitochondria function and p73, and their possible roles in BaP-induced cell death have not been well studied. This study focused on mitochondria-mediated cell death and the occurrence of p73 protein accumulation in BaP-treated human hepatoma Hep3B (p53-null) cells. We found that BaP (8, 16, 32 and 64μM) induced early necrosis at 12h and delayed apoptosis at 24h. BaP dramatically induced ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity and led to significant increase in oxidative stress at early time points (6 and 12h). Necrotic cell death was concurrent with loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, decrease in the ATP level and activities of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)/Mg(2+)-ATPase. However, these changes were reversed in the process of apoptosis. In addition, after BaP treatment, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and Bax were activated during apoptosis and no change in p73 protein level was observed. These results revealed that the cells with mitochondria dysfunction and ATP depletion underwent necrosis at early time point and apoptosis afterward when they recovered from mitochondrial dysfunction and ATP depletion. Activation of JNK and Bax possibly contributed to BaP-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jiang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Intracellular zinc release-activated ERK-dependent GSK-3β-p53 and Noxa-Mcl-1 signaling are both involved in cardiac ischemic-reperfusion injury. Cell Death Differ 2011; 18:1651-63. [PMID: 21660051 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2011.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and nitrosative stress are both suggested to be involved in cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Using time-lapse confocal microscopy of cardiomyocytes and high-affinity O(2)(-•) and Zn(2+) probes, this study is the first to show that I/R, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) all cause a marked increase in the [O(2)(-•)](i), resulting in cytosolic and mitochondrial Zn(2+) release. Exposure to a cell-penetrating, high-affinity Zn(2+)(i) chelator, TPEN, largely abolished the Zn(2+)(i) release and markedly protected myocytes from I/R-, ROS-, RNS-, or Zn(2+)/K(+) (Zn(2+)(i) supplementation)-induced myocyte apoptosis for at least 24 h after TPEN removal. Flavonoids and U0126 (a MEK1/2 inhibitor) largely inhibited the myocyte apoptosis and the TPEN-sensitive I/R- or Zn(2+)(i) supplement-induced persistent extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation, dephosphorylation of p-Ser9 on glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β), and the translocation into and accumulation of p-Tyr216 GSK-3β and p53 in, the nucleus. Silencing of GSK-3β or p53 expression was cardioprotective, indicating that activation of the ERK-GSK-3β-p53 signaling pathway is involved in Zn(2+)-sensitive myocyte death. Moreover, the ERK-dependent Noxa-myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) pathway is also involved, as silencing of Noxa expression was cardioprotective and U0126 abolished both the increase in Noxa expression and in Mcl-1 degradation. Thus, acute upstream Zn(2+)(i) chelation at the start of reperfusion and the use of natural products, that is, flavonoids, may be beneficial in the treatment of cardiac I/R injury.
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Yang G, Jiang Y, Rao K, Chen X, Wang Q, Liu A, Xiong W, Yuan J. Mitochondrial dysfunction and transactivation of p53-dependent apoptotic genes in BaP-treated human fetal lung fibroblasts. Hum Exp Toxicol 2011; 30:1904-13. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327111401637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) has been shown to be an inducer of apoptosis. However, mechanisms involved in BaP-induced mitochondrial dysfunction are not well-known. In this study, human fetal lung fibroblasts cells were treated with BaP (8, 16, 32, 64 and 128 μM) for 4 and 12 h. Cell viability, intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), mitochondrial membrane potential (Δ Ψm) and cytochrome c release were determined. Changes in transcriptional levels of p53-dependent apoptotic genes ( p53, APAF1, CASPASE3, CASPASE9, NOXA and PUMA) were measured. At time point of 4 h, BaP induced the intracellular ROS generation in 64 ( p < .05) and 128 μM BaP groups ( p < .01) but decreased the T-AOC activities in 32, 64 ( p < .05 for both) and 128 μM BaP groups ( p < .01). At time point of 12 h, Δ Ψm significantly decreased in ≥32 μM BaP groups ( p < .05 for all). Amount of mitochondrial cytochrome c significantly increased in 128 μM BaP group ( p < .01). Transcriptional levels of CASPASE3, CASPASE9, APAF1 and PUMA were up-regulated in all BaP groups ( p < .05 for all) and in ≥32 μM groups for NOXA ( p < .05). But only in 16 μM BaP group a relatively little expression of p53 mRNA was observed ( p < .05). The results indicate that in the earlier period BaP promoted the generation of excessive ROS and subsequently the mitochondrial depolarization, whereas transactivations of the p53-dependent apoptotic genes were significantly induced at the later period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangtao Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaimin Rao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ailin Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Plotnikov A, Zehorai E, Procaccia S, Seger R. The MAPK cascades: signaling components, nuclear roles and mechanisms of nuclear translocation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2010; 1813:1619-33. [PMID: 21167873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 631] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The MAPK cascades are central signaling pathways that regulate a wide variety of stimulated cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and stress response. Therefore, dysregulation, or improper functioning of these cascades, is involved in the induction and progression of diseases such as cancer, diabetes, autoimmune diseases, and developmental abnormalities. Many of these physiological, and pathological functions are mediated by MAPK-dependent transcription of various regulatory genes. In order to induce transcription and the consequent functions, the signals transmitted via the cascades need to enter the nucleus, where they may modulate the activity of transcription factors and chromatin remodeling enzymes. In this review, we briefly cover the composition of the MAPK cascades, as well as their physiological and pathological functions. We describe, in more detail, many of the important nuclear activities of the MAPK cascades, and we elaborate on the mechanisms of ERK1/2 translocation into the nucleus, including the identification of their nuclear translocation sequence (NTS) binding to the shuttling protein importin7. Overall, the nuclear translocation of signaling components may emerge as an important regulatory layer in the induction of cellular processes, and therefore, may serve as targets for therapeutic intervention in signaling-related diseases such as cancer and diabetes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Regulation of Signaling and Cellular Fate through Modulation of Nuclear Protein Import.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Plotnikov
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Isreal
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Biotransformed blueberry juice protects neurons from hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway alterations. Br J Nutr 2010; 104:656-63. [PMID: 20459875 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114510001170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence supports the therapeutic effects of blueberry in neurodegenerative disorders. Biotransformation of blueberry juice by Serratia vaccinii bacteria increases its phenolic content and antioxidant activity. In neuronal cell culture, biotransformed blueberry juice (BJ) significantly increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, namely catalase and superoxide dismutase. Moreover, BJ protected neurons against H2O2-induced cell death in a dose-dependent manner. This associated with the upregulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family enzymes p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation, as well as with the protection of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK1/2) activity loss induced by H2O2. The present studies demonstrate that BJ can protect neurons against oxidative stress possibly by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities and activating p38- and JNK-dependent survival pathways while blocking MEK1/2- and ERK1/2-mediated cell death. Thus, BJ may represent a novel approach to prevent and to treat neurodegenerative disorders, and it may represent a source of novel therapeutic agents against these diseases.
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Yadavilli S, Chen Z, Albrecht T, Muganda PM. Mechanism of diepoxybutane-induced p53 regulation in human cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2010; 23:373-86. [PMID: 20024960 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.20300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Diepoxybutane (DEB) is the most potent active metabolite of the environmental chemical 1,3-butadiene (BD). BD is a known mutagen and human carcinogen and possesses multisystems organ toxicity. We previously reported the elevation of p53 in human TK6 lymphoblasts undergoing DEB-induced apoptosis. In this study, we have characterized the DEB-induced p53 accumulation and investigated the mechanisms by which DEB regulates this p53 accumulation. The elevation of p53 levels in DEB-exposed TK6 lymphoblasts and human embryonic lung (HEL) human fibroblasts was found to be largely due to the stabilization of the p53 protein. DEB increased the acetylation of p53 at lys-382, dramatically reduced complex formation between p53 and its regulator protein mdm2 and induced the phosphorylation of p53 at serines 15, 20, 37, 46, and 392 in human lymphoblasts. A dramatic increase in phosphorylation of p53 at serine 15 in correlation to total p53 levels was observed in DEB-exposed Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) proficient human lymphoblasts as compared to DEB-exposed ATM-deficient human lymphoblasts; this implicates the ATM kinase in the elevation of p53 levels in DEB-exposed cells. Collectively, these findings explain for the first time the mechanism by which p53 accumulates in DEB-exposed cells and contributes to the understanding of the molecular toxicity of DEB and BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridevi Yadavilli
- Environmental Toxicology Ph.D. Program, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
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Cagnol S, Chambard JC. ERK and cell death: mechanisms of ERK-induced cell death--apoptosis, autophagy and senescence. FEBS J 2009; 277:2-21. [PMID: 19843174 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07366.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 999] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Ras/Raf/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in almost all cell functions and therefore requires exquisite control of its spatiotemporal activity. Depending on the cell type and stimulus, ERK activity will mediate different antiproliferative events, such as apoptosis, autophagy and senescence in vitro and in vivo. ERK activity can promote either intrinsic or extrinsic apoptotic pathways by induction of mitochondrial cytochrome c release or caspase-8 activation, permanent cell cycle arrest or autophagic vacuolization. These unusual effects require sustained ERK activity in specific subcellular compartments and could depend on the presence of reactive oxygen species. We will summarize the mechanisms involved in Ras/Raf/ERK antiproliferative functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Cagnol
- Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
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Cheng Y, Qiu F, Ye YC, Tashiro SI, Onodera S, Ikejima T. Oridonin induces G2/M arrest and apoptosis via activating ERK-p53 apoptotic pathway and inhibiting PTK-Ras-Raf-JNK survival pathway in murine fibrosarcoma L929 cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2009; 490:70-5. [PMID: 19699177 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2009.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2009] [Revised: 08/14/2009] [Accepted: 08/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oridonin was reported to induce L929 cell apoptosis via ROS-mediated mitochondrial and ERK pathways; however, the precise mechanisms by which oridonin induces cell death remain unclear. Herein, we found that oridonin treatment induced an increase in G(2)/M phase cell percentage. And, G(2)/M phase arrest was associated with down-regulation of cell cycle related cdc2, cdc25c and cyclinB levels, as well as up-regulation of p21 and p-cdc2 levels. In addition, we discovered that interruption of p53 activation decreased oridonin-induced apoptosis, and blocking ERK by specific inhibitors or siRNA suppressed oridonin-induced p53 activation. Moreover, inhibition of PTK, protein kinase C, Ras, Raf or JNK activation increased oridonin-induced apoptosis. Also, the level of Ras, Raf or JNK was down-regulated by oridonin, and the inhibition of PTK, Ras, Raf activation decreased p-JNK level. In conclusion, oridonin induces L929 cell G(2)/M arrest and apoptosis, which is regulated by promoting ERK-p53 apoptotic pathway and suppressing PTK-mediated survival pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cheng
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Shi Y, Sahu RP, Srivastava SK. Triphala inhibits both in vitro and in vivo xenograft growth of pancreatic tumor cells by inducing apoptosis. BMC Cancer 2008; 8:294. [PMID: 18847491 PMCID: PMC2576337 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-8-294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2008] [Accepted: 10/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triphala is commonly used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat variety of diseases; however its mechanism of action remains unexplored. This study elucidates the molecular mechanism of Triphala against human pancreatic cancer in the cellular and in vivo model. METHODS Growth-inhibitory effects of Triphala were evaluated in Capan-2, BxPC-3 and HPDE-6 cells by Sulphoradamine-B assay. Apoptosis was determined by cell death assay and western blotting. Triphala was administered orally to nude mice implanted with Capan-2 xenograft. Tumors were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. RESULTS Exposure of Capan-2 cells to the aqueous extract of Triphala for 24 h resulted in the significant decrease in the survival of cells in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of about 50 microg/ml. Triphala-mediated reduced cell survival correlated with induction of apoptosis, which was associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Triphala-induced apoptosis was linked with phosphorylation of p53 at Ser-15 and ERK at Thr-202/Tyr-204 in Capan-2 cells. Above mentioned effects were significantly blocked when the cells were pretreated with an antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC), suggesting the involvement of ROS generation. Pretreatment of cells with pifithrin-alpha or U0126, specific inhibitors of p53 or MEK-1/2, significantly attenuated Triphala-induced apoptosis. Moreover, NAC or U0126 pretreatment significantly attenuated Triphala-induced p53 transcriptional activity. Similarly, Triphala induced apoptosis in another pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC-3 by activating ERK. On the other hand, Triphala failed to induce apoptosis or activate ERK or p53 in normal human pancreatic ductal epithelial (HPDE-6) cells. Further, oral administration of 50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg Triphala in PBS, 5 days/week significantly suppressed the growth of Capan-2 pancreatic tumor-xenograft. Reduced tumor-growth in Triphala fed mice was due to increased apoptosis in the tumors cells, which was associated with increased activation of p53 and ERK. CONCLUSION Our preclinical studies demonstrate that Triphala is effective in inhibiting the growth of human pancreatic cancer cells in both cellular and in vivo model. Our data also suggests that the growth inhibitory effects of Triphala is mediated by the activation of ERK and p53 and shows potential for the treatment and/or prevention of human pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cancer Biology Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, Texas, USA.
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