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Montanuy H, Camps-Fajol C, Carreras-Puigvert J, Häggblad M, Lundgren B, Aza-Carmona M, Helleday T, Minguillón J, Surrallés J. High content drug screening for Fanconi anemia therapeutics. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:170. [PMID: 32605631 PMCID: PMC7325660 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01437-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fanconi anemia is a rare disease clinically characterized by malformations, bone marrow failure and an increased risk of solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. The only therapies available are hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for bone marrow failure or leukemia, and surgical resection for solid tumors. Therefore, there is still an urgent need for new therapeutic options. With this aim, we developed a novel high-content cell-based screening assay to identify drugs with therapeutic potential in FA. RESULTS A TALEN-mediated FANCA-deficient U2OS cell line was stably transfected with YFP-FANCD2 fusion protein. These cells were unable to form fluorescent foci or to monoubiquitinate endogenous or exogenous FANCD2 upon DNA damage and were more sensitive to mitomycin C when compared to the parental wild type counterpart. FANCA correction by retroviral infection restored the cell line's ability to form FANCD2 foci and ubiquitinate FANCD2. The feasibility of this cell-based system was interrogated in a high content screening of 3802 compounds, including a Prestwick library of 1200 FDA-approved drugs. The potential hits identified were then individually tested for their ability to rescue FANCD2 foci and monoubiquitination, and chromosomal stability in the absence of FANCA. CONCLUSIONS While, unfortunately, none of the compounds tested were able to restore cellular FANCA-deficiency, our study shows the potential capacity to screen large compound libraries in the context of Fanconi anemia therapeutics in an optimized and cost-effective platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Montanuy
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Camps-Fajol
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Join Research Unit on Genomic Medicine UAB-Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Carreras-Puigvert
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Join Research Unit on Genomic Medicine UAB-Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades raras, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Häggblad
- Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Currently at Division of Genome Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bo Lundgren
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, SciLifelab, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE, Sweden
| | - Miriam Aza-Carmona
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics and Skeletal dysplasia multidisciplinary Unit, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jordi Minguillón
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades raras, Barcelona, Spain.,Genetics Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Surrallés
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Join Research Unit on Genomic Medicine UAB-Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades raras, Barcelona, Spain. .,Genetics Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
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Pagano G, Pallardó FV, Porto B, Fittipaldi MR, Lyakhovich A, Trifuoggi M. Mitoprotective Clinical Strategies in Type 2 Diabetes and Fanconi Anemia Patients: Suggestions for Clinical Management of Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9010082. [PMID: 31963742 PMCID: PMC7023409 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) and mitochondrial dysfunction (MDF) occur in a number of disorders, and several clinical studies have attempted to counteract OS and MDF by providing adjuvant treatments against disease progression. The present review is aimed at focusing on two apparently distant diseases, namely type 2 diabetes (T2D) and a rare genetic disease, Fanconi anemia (FA). The pathogenetic links between T2D and FA include the high T2D prevalence among FA patients and the recognized evidence for OS and MDF in both disorders. This latter phenotypic/pathogenetic feature-namely MDF-may be regarded as a mechanistic ground both accounting for the clinical outcomes in both diseases, and as a premise to clinical studies aimed at counteracting MDF. In the case for T2D, the working hypothesis is raised of evaluating any in vivo decrease of mitochondrial cofactors, or mitochondrial nutrients (MNs) such as α-lipoic acid, coenzyme Q10, and l-carnitine, with possibly combined MN-based treatments. As for FA, the established knowledge of MDF, as yet only obtained from in vitro or molecular studies, prompts the requirement to ascertain in vivo MDF, and to design clinical studies aimed at utilizing MNs toward mitigating or delaying FA's clinical progression. Altogether, this paper may contribute to building hypotheses for clinical studies in a number of OS/MDF-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Pagano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II Naples University, I-80126 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-335-790-7261
| | - Federico V. Pallardó
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia-INCLIVA, CIBERER, E-46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Beatriz Porto
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, ICBAS, University of Porto, 4099-030 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Maria Rosa Fittipaldi
- Internal Medicine Unit, San Francesco d’Assisi Hospital, I-84020 Oliveto Citra (SA), Italy;
| | - Alex Lyakhovich
- Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, E-08035 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics of the “Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine”, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Marco Trifuoggi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II Naples University, I-80126 Naples, Italy;
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Minguillón J, Surrallés J. Therapeutic research in the crystal chromosome disease Fanconi anemia. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2018; 836:104-108. [PMID: 30389152 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades there has been a great progress in understanding the pathological and genetic mechanisms involved in Fanconi anemia (FA), a rare disease characterized by chromosome fragility, congenital malformations, bone marrow failure (BMF) and high cancer predisposition. However, these advances have not gone in parallel with the development of medical treatments, with the exception of improved protocols of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). BMF and hematological malignancies are the most important and life threatening conditions the patient suffer during the first and second decade of life, respectively, being HSCT the only curative treatment available. Solid tumors are the third hallmark of the disease, usually with poor prognosis as tumor resection is the only therapeutic option given that patients do not tolerate chemotherapy or radiation. With improved HSCT protocols, FA patient survival has increased, leading to a progressively increased number of solid malignancies in adult patients. Therapeutic research is currently focused in targeted therapies for solid tumors as well as in preventive options in the context of drug repurposing. This review summarizes current therapies and drugs used so far in clinical trials to treat Fanconi anemia, as well as the ones used in FA research with potential for future therapeutic opportunities including drugs that suppress chromosome fragility or are expected to delay the onset of BMF and cancer in Fanconi anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Minguillón
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Genetics Department and Biomedical Research Institute Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Jordi Surrallés
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Genetics Department and Biomedical Research Institute Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
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Barajas Torres RL, Domínguez Cruz MD, Borjas Gutiérrez C, Ramírez Dueñas MDL, Magaña Torres MT, González García JR. 1,2:3,4-Diepoxybutane Induces Multipolar Mitosis in Cultured Human Lymphocytes. Cytogenet Genome Res 2016; 148:179-84. [DOI: 10.1159/000445858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
1,3-Butadiene, a colorless gas regularly used in the production of plastics, thermoplastic resins, and styrene-butadiene rubber, poses an increased leukemia mortality risk to workers in this field. 1,3-Butadiene is also produced by incomplete combustion of motor fuels or by tobacco smoking. It is absorbed principally through the respiratory system and metabolized by several enzymes rendering 1,2:3,4-diepoxybutane (DEB), which has the highest genotoxic potency of all metabolites of 1,3-butadiene. DEB is considered a carcinogen mainly due to its high potential as clastogen, which induces structural chromosome aberrations such as sister chromatid exchanges, chromosomal breaks, and micronuclei. Due to its clastogenic effect, DEB is one of the most used agents for diagnostic studies of Fanconi anemia, a recessively inherited disease related to mutations affecting several genes involved in a common DNA repair pathway. When performing Fanconi anemia diagnostic tests in our laboratory, we have observed occasional multipolar mitosis (MM) in lymphocyte cultures exposed to 0.1 μg/ml of DEB and harvested in the absence of any mitotic spindle inhibitor. Although previous studies reported an aneugenic effect (i.e. it induces aneuploidy) of DEB, no mechanism was suggested to explain such observations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether exposure to 0.1 μg/ml of DEB is significantly associated with the occurrence of MM. We blindly assessed the frequency of MM in lymphocyte cultures from 10 nonsmoking healthy individuals. Two series of 3 cultures were performed from each sample under different conditions: A, without DEB; B, with 0.1 μg/ml of DEB, and C, with 25 μM of mitomycin C as positive control. Cultures exposed to DEB showed higher frequencies of MM (23 of 2,000 cells) than did the unexposed ones (3 of 2,000 cells).
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Mitochondrial modulators in experimental Huntington’s disease: reversal of mitochondrial dysfunctions and cognitive deficits. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:2186-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Revised: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Dong J, Wang Z, Zou P, Zhang G, Dong X, Ling X, Zhang X, Liu J, Ye D, Cao J, Ao L. Induction of DNA damage and G2 cell cycle arrest by diepoxybutane through the activation of the Chk1-dependent pathway in mouse germ cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:518-31. [PMID: 25633853 DOI: 10.1021/tx500489r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
1,2:3,4-Diepoxybutane (DEB) is a major carcinogenic metabolite of 1,3-butadiene (BD), which has been shown to cause DNA strand breaks in cells through its potential genotoxicity. The adverse effect of DEB on male reproductive cells in response to DNA damage has not been thoroughly studied, and the related mechanism is yet to be elucidated. Using mouse spermatocyte-derived GC-2 cells, we demonstrated in the present study that DEB caused the proliferation inhibition and marked cell cycle arrest at the G2 phase but not apoptosis. DEB also induced DNA damage as evidenced by γ-H2AX expression, the comet assay, and the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. Meanwhile, DEB triggered the Chk1/Cdc25c/Cdc2 signal pathway, which could be abated in the presence of UCN-01 or Chk1 siRNA. GC-2 cells exposed to DEB experienced ROS generation and pretreatment of N-acetyl-l-cysteine, partly attenuated DEB-induced DNA damage, and G2 arrest. Furthermore, measurement of testicular cells showed an increased proportion of tetraploid cells in mice administrated with DEB, alongside the enhanced expression of p-Chk1. Also, the defective reproductive phenotypes, including reduced sperm motility, increased sperm malformation, and histological abnormality of testes, were observed. In conclusion, these results suggest DEB induces DNA damage and G2 cell cycle arrest by activating the Chk1-dependent pathway, while oxidative stress may be associated with eliciting toxicity in male reproductive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyun Dong
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing 400038, China
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Evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired ROS detoxifying machinery in Fanconi anemia cells. Oncogene 2013; 33:165-72. [PMID: 23318445 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Fanconi Anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disorder associated with a bone-marrow failure, cancer predisposition and hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents. Majority of the 15 FA genes and encoded proteins characterized so far are integrated into DNA repair pathways, however, other important functions cannot be excluded. FA cells are sensitive to oxidants, and accumulation of oxidized proteins has been characterized for several FA subgroups. Clinical phenotypes of both FA and other closely related diseases suggest altered functions of mitochondria, organelles responsible for cellular energetic metabolism, and also serving as an important producer and the most susceptible target from reactive oxidative species (ROS). In this study, we have shown that elevated level of mitochondrial ROS in FA cells is in parallel with the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential, the decrease of ATP production, impaired oxygen uptake and pathological changes in the morphology of mitochondria. This is accompanied by inactivation of enzymes that are essential for the energy production (F1F0ATPase and cytochrome C oxidase) and detoxification of ROS (superoxide dismutase, SOD1). In turn, overexpression of SOD1 could rescue oxygen consumption rate in FA-deficient cells. Importantly, the depletion of mitochondria improved survival rate of mitomycin C treated FA cells suggesting that hypersensitivity of FA cells to chemotherapeutic drugs could be in part due to the mitochondria-mediated oxidative stress. On the basis of our results, we propose that deficiency in FA genes lead to disabling mitochondrial ROS-scavenging machinery further affecting mitochondrial functions and suppressing cell respiration.
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Ponte F, Sousa R, Fernandes AP, Gonçalves C, Barbot J, Carvalho F, Porto B. Improvement of genetic stability in lymphocytes from Fanconi anemia patients through the combined effect of α-lipoic acid and N-acetylcysteine. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2012; 7:28. [PMID: 22591656 PMCID: PMC3407801 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-7-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fanconi Anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disorder, characterized by progressive bone marrow failure and increased predisposition to cancer. Despite being highly heterogeneous, all FA patients are hypersensitive to alkylating agents, in particular to 1,2:3,4-diepoxybutane (DEB), and to oxidative damage. Recent studies point to defective mitochondria in FA cells, which is closely related with increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and concomitant depletion of antioxidant defenses, of which glutathione is a well-known biomarker.The objective of the present work is to evaluate the putative protective effect of α-lipoic acid (α-LA), a mitochondrial protective agent, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a direct antioxidant and a known precursor for glutathione synthesis, in spontaneous and DEB-induced chromosome instability (CI) in lymphocyte cultures from FA patients.For that purpose, lymphocyte cultures from 15 FA patients and 24 healthy controls were pre-treated with 20 μM α-LA, 500 μM NAC and α-LA plus NAC at the same concentrations, and some of them were exposed to DEB (0.05 μg/ml). A hundred metaphases per treatment were scored to estimate the relative frequency of spontaneous and DEB-induced chromosome breakage.The obtained results revealed that a cocktail of α-LA and NAC can drastically improve the genetic stability in FA lymphocytes in vitro, decreasing CI by 60% and 80% in cultures from FA patients and FA mosaic/chimera patients, respectively. These results suggest that the studied cocktail can be used as a prophylactic approach to delay progressive clinical symptoms in FA patients caused by CI, which can culminate in the delay of the progressive bone marrow failure and early cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Ponte
- Chemistry and Technology Network (REQUIMTE), Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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