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Qiao J, Du Y, Yu J, Guo J. MicroRNAs as Potential Biomarkers of Insecticide Exposure: A Review. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:2169-2181. [PMID: 31625722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Insecticides are key weapons for the control of pests. Large scale use of insecticides is harmful to the ecosystem, which is made up of a wide range of species and environments. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous single-stranded noncoding small RNAs in length of 20-24 nucleotides (nt), which extensively regulate expression of genes at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. The current research on miRNA-induced insecticide resistance reveals that dysregulated miRNAs cause significant changes in detoxification genes, particularly cytochrome P450s. Meanwhile, insecticide-induced changes in miRNAs are related to the decline of honeybees and threatened the development of zebrafish and other animals. Additionally, miRNAs are involved in insecticide-induced cytotoxicity, and dysregulated miRNAs are associated with human occupational and environmental exposure to insecticides. Therefore, miRNAs are valuable novel biomarkers of insecticide exposure, and they are potential factors to explain the toxicological effects of insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakai Qiao
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310018 , China
| | - Yuting Du
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310018 , China
| | - Junjie Yu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310018 , China
| | - Jiangfeng Guo
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310018 , China
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Murley JS, Miller RC, Senlik RR, Rademaker AW, Grdina DJ. Altered expression of a metformin-mediated radiation response in SA-NH and FSa tumor cells treated under in vitro and in vivo growth conditions. Int J Radiat Biol 2017; 93:665-675. [PMID: 28281393 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1304592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the radiosensitizing effect of the biguanide drug metformin used alone or in combination with reactive oxygen species (ROS) modifying agents N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) or emodin, and contrasted to the mitochondrial complex 1 inhibitor rotenone in altering the radiation responses of the p53 wild-type SA-NH and p53 mutant FSa mouse tumor lines grown either in vitro or in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tumor cells were grown to confluence in vitro and exposed to a single 4 Gy dose in the presence or absence of metformin (5 mM) and ROS modifiers or to 10 Gy with or without metformin as tumors in the flanks of C3H mice using a tumor growth delay assay. RESULTS Both metformin and rotenone protected SA-NH (p < .001) while sensitizing FSa (p < .001) to 4 Gy. Neither NAC nor emodin altered metformin's action. Metformin was also directly toxic to FSa cells (p = .002). In contrast, in vivo metformin (250 mg/kg) sensitized both SA-NH (9-day growth delay, p < .05) and FSa (4-day growth delay, p < .05) tumors if administered 1 h before irradiation. CONCLUSION Metformin effects on tumor cells measured under in vitro conditions may differ from those determined in vivo due to p53 and heterogeneous environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Murley
- a Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology , The University of Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Richard C Miller
- a Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology , The University of Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Raziye Rana Senlik
- a Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology , The University of Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Alfred W Rademaker
- b Department of Preventive Medicine , Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - David J Grdina
- a Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology , The University of Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
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Ruest LB, Ranjbaran H, Tong EJ, Svoboda KKH, Feng JQ. Activation of Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-κB Ligand and Matrix Metalloproteinase Production in Periodontal Fibroblasts by Endothelin Signaling. J Periodontol 2015; 87:e1-8. [PMID: 26376946 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.150397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is a group of inflammatory diseases affecting the tissues supporting the teeth that will progressively cause the loss of alveolar bone and periodontal ligaments and eventually the dentition. Activation of osteoclast activity by receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and released enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are among the factors involved in the breakdown of the periodontium. However, the mechanisms regulating their production in periodontitis are poorly understood. Endothelin signaling via the activation of the endothelin-A receptor (EDNRA) by endothelin-1 may play a role in the disease because the expression of the receptor and ligand is elevated in the periodontal tissues of patients with periodontitis. METHODS Cultured primary human periodontal fibroblasts were treated with 20 and 100 nM endothelin-1 for 6 and 24 hours and then collected to assess MMP and RANKL production by immunoblotting. Inhibitors were used to identify the molecular pathways activated by EDNRA in these cells. RESULTS Endothelin-1 stimulated the production of MMP1, MMP8, and RANKL in a dose- and time-dependent manner; blocking EDNRA function with the antagonist TBC3214 inhibited the response, although EDNRA activation had no effects on osteoprotegerin production. These mechanistic studies indicate that EDNRA activates phospholipase C, which then 1) increases the MMP1 protein levels through activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent pathway and 2) upregulates RANKL by a different pathway. CONCLUSION These results suggest that EDNRA may function in the breakdown of the periodontal tissues associated with periodontitis by promoting the protein expression of MMPs and RANKL via the phospholipase C pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bruno Ruest
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX
| | - Hamid Ranjbaran
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX
| | - Eric J Tong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX
| | - Kathy K H Svoboda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX
| | - Jian Q Feng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX
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Wu MM, Yuan YH, Chen J, Li CJ, Zhang DM, Chen NH. Polygalasaponin F against rotenone-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells via mitochondria protection pathway. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2014; 16:59-69. [PMID: 24382325 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2013.864283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the protective effect and the underlying mechanism of polygalasaponin F (PS-F) against rotenone-induced PC12 cells, the cell viability was evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay. The cell apoptosis rate was analyzed using flow cytometry. The reactive oxygen species was examined using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate, and the adenosine triphosphate depletion was examined using a luciferase-coupled quantification assay. JC-1 staining was used to detect the mitochondrial membrane potential. Western blotting analysis was used to determine cytochrome c, p53, Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3. Treatment of PC12 cells with rotenone (1-10 μmol/l) significantly reduced the cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment with PS-F (0.1, 1, and 10 μmol/l) increased the viability of rotenone-induced PC12 cells, decreased rotenone-induced apoptosis, restored rotenone-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, and suppressed rotenone-induced protein expression. PS-F showed a dose-dependent manner in all the treatments. PS-F protects PC12 cells against rotenone-induced apoptosis via ameliorating the mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, PS-F may be a potential bioactive compound for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Miao Wu
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , 100050 , China
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Green ML, Pisano MM, Prough RA, Knudsen TB. Release of targeted p53 from the mitochondrion as an early signal during mitochondrial dysfunction. Cell Signal 2013; 25:2383-90. [PMID: 23899557 PMCID: PMC3826263 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Increased accumulation of p53 tumor suppressor protein is an early response to low-level stressors. To investigate the fate of mitochondrial-sequestered p53, mouse embryonic fibroblast cells (MEFs) on a p53-deficient genetic background were transfected with p53-EGFP fusion protein led by a sense (m53-EGFP) or antisense (c53-EGFP) mitochondrial import signal. Rotenone exposure (100nM, 1h) triggered the translocation of m53-EGFP from the mitochondrion to the nucleus, thus shifting the transfected cells from a mitochondrial p53 to a nuclear p53 state. Antibodies for p53 serine phosphorylation or lysine acetylation indicated a different post-translational status of recombinant p53 in the nucleus and mitochondrion, respectively. These data suggest that cycling of p53 through the mitochondria may establish a direct pathway for p53 signaling from the mitochondria to the nucleus during mitochondrial dysfunction. PK11195, a pharmacological ligand of mitochondrial TSPO (formerly known as the peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor), partially suppressed the release of mitochondria-sequestered p53. These findings support the notion that p53 function mediates a direct signaling pathway from the mitochondria to nucleus during mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Green
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Craniofacial Biology, University of Louisville, 501 S. Preston St., Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
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Meyer JN, Leung MCK, Rooney JP, Sendoel A, Hengartner MO, Kisby GE, Bess AS. Mitochondria as a target of environmental toxicants. Toxicol Sci 2013; 134:1-17. [PMID: 23629515 PMCID: PMC3693132 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Enormous strides have recently been made in our understanding of the biology and pathobiology of mitochondria. Many diseases have been identified as caused by mitochondrial dysfunction, and many pharmaceuticals have been identified as previously unrecognized mitochondrial toxicants. A much smaller but growing literature indicates that mitochondria are also targeted by environmental pollutants. We briefly review the importance of mitochondrial function and maintenance for health based on the genetics of mitochondrial diseases and the toxicities resulting from pharmaceutical exposure. We then discuss how the principles of mitochondrial vulnerability illustrated by those fields might apply to environmental contaminants, with particular attention to factors that may modulate vulnerability including genetic differences, epigenetic interactions, tissue characteristics, and developmental stage. Finally, we review the literature related to environmental mitochondrial toxicants, with a particular focus on those toxicants that target mitochondrial DNA. We conclude that the fields of environmental toxicology and environmental health should focus more strongly on mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel N Meyer
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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Melo TQ, D'unhao AM, Martins SA, Farizatto KLG, Chaves RS, Ferrari MFR. Rotenone-dependent changes of anterograde motor protein expression and mitochondrial mobility in brain areas related to neurodegenerative diseases. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2012; 33:327-35. [PMID: 23263842 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-012-9898-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The presence of protein aggregates is common in neurodegenerative disorders; however, the real cause and effect of these aggregates during neurodegeneration is still a matter of investigation. We hypothesize that impairment of intracellular traffic may appear in the absence of protein inclusions and might trigger protein aggregation. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate mitochondria mobility as well as protein and messenger RNA expression of KIF1B and KIF5 that are molecular motors for neuronal anterograde traffic, in hippocampus, substantia nigra, and locus coeruleus of 10-month-old Lewis rats and cultured cells, from these same areas, following exposure to low doses of rotenone that do not lead to protein inclusions. The present study showed alteration in KIF1B and KIF5 expression, as well as in mitochondria mobility prior to protein aggregation involved in neurodegenerative disorders. These findings suggest that change in intracellular trafficking might be critical and one of the primary events for impairment of cell physiology during neurodegeneration associated with protein inclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaiany Q Melo
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biosciences, University of Sao Paulo, Cidade Universitaria, Rua do Matao, 277, Sao Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
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Lupescu A, Jilani K, Zbidah M, Lang F. Induction of apoptotic erythrocyte death by rotenone. Toxicology 2012; 300:132-7. [PMID: 22727881 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The pesticide rotenone stimulates apoptosis and rotenone intoxication has been considered a cause of Parkinson's disease. Rotenone further sensitizes tumor cells to cytotoxic drugs. The apoptotic effect of rotenone is at least partially due to mitochondrial injury. Even though lacking mitochondria and nuclei, erythrocytes may undergo eryptosis, an apoptosis-like suicidal death characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine-exposure at the cell surface. Triggers of eryptosis include increase of cytosolic Ca(2+)-activity ([Ca(2+)](i)) and enhanced ceramide formation. The present study explored, whether rotenone elicits eryptosis. To this end, [Ca(2+)](i) was estimated utilizing Fluo3-fluorescence, cell volume from forward scatter, phosphatidylserine-exposure from annexin-V-binding, ceramide utilizing fluorescence antibodies and hemolysis from hemoglobin release. A 48 h exposure to rotenone significantly increased Fluo3-fluorescence(i) (≥1 μM), increased ceramide abundance (10 μM), decreased forward scatter (≥2.5 μM) and increased annexin-V-binding (≥ 1 μM). Rotenone exposure was further followed by slight but significant hemolysis. Rotenone-induced cell membrane scrambling was significantly blunted, but not completely abrogated by removal of extracellular Ca(2+). The present observations disclose a novel effect of rotenone, i.e. triggering of erythrocyte shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling, an effect paralleled by and partially dependent on Ca(2+)-entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Lupescu
- Department of Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Gmelinstrasse 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
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