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Sobhi N, Abdollahi M, Arman A, Mahmoodpoor A, Jafarizadeh A. Methanol Induced Optic Neuropathy: Molecular Mysteries, Public Health Perspective, Clinical Insights and Treatment Strategies. Semin Ophthalmol 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38804878 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2024.2358310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Methanol-induced optic neuropathy (MION) represents a critical public health issue, particularly prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations and regions with restricted alcohol access. MION, characterized by irreversible visual impairment, arises from the toxic metabolization of methanol into formaldehyde and formic acid, leading to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation inhibition, oxidative stress, and subsequent neurotoxicity. The pathogenesis involves axonal and glial cell degeneration within the optic nerve and potential retinal damage. Despite advancements in therapeutic interventions, a significant proportion of affected individuals endure persistent visual sequelae. The study comprehensively investigates the pathophysiology of MION, encompassing the absorption and metabolism of methanol, subsequent systemic effects, and ocular impacts. Histopathological changes, including alterations in retinal layers and proteins, Müller cell dysfunction, and visual symptoms, are meticulously examined to provide insights into the disease mechanism. Furthermore, preventive measures and public health perspectives are discussed to highlight the importance of awareness and intervention strategies. Therapeutic approaches, such as decontamination procedures, ethanol and fomepizole administration, hemodialysis, intravenous fluids, electrolyte balance management, nutritional therapy, corticosteroid therapy, and erythropoietin (EPO) treatment, are evaluated for their efficacy in managing MION. This comprehensive review underscores the need for increased awareness, improved diagnostic strategies, and more effective treatments to mitigate the impact of MION on global health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Sobhi
- Nikookari Eye Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mirsaeed Abdollahi
- Nikookari Eye Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Arman
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ata Mahmoodpoor
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive care, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Jafarizadeh
- Nikookari Eye Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Prokai L, Zaman K, Prokai-Tatrai K. Mass spectrometry-based retina proteomics. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:1032-1062. [PMID: 35670041 PMCID: PMC9730434 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A subfield of neuroproteomics, retina proteomics has experienced a transformative growth since its inception due to methodological advances in enabling chemical, biochemical, and molecular biology techniques. This review focuses on mass spectrometry's contributions to facilitate mammalian and avian retina proteomics to catalog and quantify retinal protein expressions, determine their posttranslational modifications, as well as its applications to study the proteome of the retina in the context of biology, health and diseases, and therapy developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Prokai
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Khadiza Zaman
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Katalin Prokai-Tatrai
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
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Cejnar P, Smirnova TA, Kuckova S, Prochazka A, Zak I, Harant K, Zakharov S. Acute and chronic blood serum proteome changes in patients with methanol poisoning. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21379. [PMID: 36494437 PMCID: PMC9734099 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25492-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty-four blood serum samples from patients with acute methanol poisoning (M) from the mass methanol poisoning outbreak in the Czech Republic in 2012 were compared with 46 patient samples taken four years after poisoning (S) (overlap of 10 people with group M) and with a control group (C) of 24 samples of patients with a similar proportion of chronic alcohol abuse. When comparing any two groups, tens to hundreds of proteins with a significant change in concentration were identified. Fifteen proteins showed significant changes when compared between any two groups. The group with acute methanol poisoning showed significant changes in protein concentrations for at least 64 proteins compared to the other groups. Among the most important identified proteins closely related to intoxication are mainly those involved in blood coagulation, metabolism of vitamin A (increased retinol-binding protein), immune response (e.g., increased complement factor I, complement factors C3 and C5), and lipid transport (increased apolipoprotein A I, apolipoprotein A II, adiponectin). For blood coagulation, the most affected proteins with significant changes in the methanol poisoning group were von Willebrand factor, carboxypeptidase N, alpha-2-antiplasmin (all increased), inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4, kininogen-1, plasma serine protease inhibitor, plasminogen (all decreased). However, heparin administration used for the methanol poisoning group could have interfered with some of the changes in their concentrations. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD035726.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Cejnar
- grid.448072.d0000 0004 0635 6059Department of Computing and Control Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic ,grid.412539.80000 0004 0609 2284University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Tatiana Anatolievna Smirnova
- grid.448072.d0000 0004 0635 6059Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Stepanka Kuckova
- grid.448072.d0000 0004 0635 6059Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Prochazka
- grid.448072.d0000 0004 0635 6059Department of Computing and Control Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Zak
- grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XDepartment of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Bojisti 1, 12000 Prague, Czech Republic ,grid.411798.20000 0000 9100 9940Toxicological Information Centre, General University Hospital, Na Bojisti 1, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Harant
- grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XProteomics Core Facility, Faculty of Science, BIOCEV, Charles University, Prumyslova 595, 252 42 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Sergey Zakharov
- grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XDepartment of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Bojisti 1, 12000 Prague, Czech Republic ,grid.411798.20000 0000 9100 9940Toxicological Information Centre, General University Hospital, Na Bojisti 1, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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Liu D, Chen J, Xia W, Zhou Z, Hao H. Effects of methanol and formic acid on CRYB, ALDH2, and ATP5A1 of RGCs. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2022; 41:221-225. [PMID: 35696782 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2022.2081699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the toxicity of methanol and its metabolite, formic acid on αB-crystallin(CRYB), aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2), and ATPsynthase (ATP5A1) of rat retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). METHODS RGCs are cultured in vitro in a toxic environment with 15/30/60 mM methanol or formic acid, respectively. Then, the morphological changes of RGCs and protein and mRNA levels of ALDH2, ATP5A1, and CRYB in rat RGCs were evaluated. RESULTS 1) Compared to the toxicity of 15 mM formic acid on RGCs, 30 mM of formic acid environment significantly promoted apoptosis, and cell death occurred in the 60-mM formic acid group 24 h later. The toxicity of methanol for inducing apoptosis was not as obvious as formic acid. 2) In the 15-mM group, the level of CRYB protein was down-regulated after stimulating with both methanol and formic acid for 48 h, and ATP5A1 protein level decreased significantly with formic but not methanol. No change in ALDH2 was observed in methanol or formic acid. With a prolonged duration (>7 d) or high concentration (>30 mM) stimulation, cells treated with both methanol and formic acid showed severe apoptosis, rendering it challenging to collect a sufficient number of cells for protein detection. 3) In the 48-h group, no significant effect was detected on the mRNA of CRYB, ATP5A1, and ALDH2 by both 15/30 mM formic acid and 15 mM methanol. Conversely, 30 mM methanol had a significant up-regulation effect on the expression of the three genes, while no significant effect was observed in the 7-d groups. CONCLUSIONS Formic acid exerted stronger toxicity on CRYB, ATP5A1, and ALDH2 than methanol and played a regulatory role at the translation level, while the effect of methanol is still uncertain, needing additional investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jiemin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Wentao Xia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhilu Zhou
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Gui Zhou Medical University, Gui Yang, PR China
| | - Hongxia Hao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Jia Mu Si University, Hei Long Jiang, PR China
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Liberski S, Kaluzny BJ, Kocięcki J. Methanol-induced optic neuropathy: a still-present problem. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:431-451. [PMID: 34988610 PMCID: PMC8731680 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03202-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Methanol-induced optic neuropathy (Me-ION) is a serious condition that may result in long-term or irreversible visual impairment or even blindness secondary to damage and loss of function of the optic nerve and retina. Me-ION shows a tendency to occur as mass poisonings around the world with a clear predilection for poor societies in developing countries. The main mechanism underlying the molecular basis of Me-ION is the inhibition of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation process through the binding of the toxic metabolite of methanol—formic acid—with the key enzyme of this process—cytochrome c oxidase. However, other mechanisms, including damage to the eye tissues by oxidative stress causing the intensification of the oxidative peroxidation process with the formation of cytotoxic compounds, as well as an increase in the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines and influence on the expression of key proteins responsible for maintaining cell homeostasis, also play an important role in the pathogenesis of Me-ION. Histopathological changes in the eye tissues are mainly manifested as the degeneration of axons and glial cells of the optic nerve, often with accompanying damage of the retina that may involve all its layers. Despite the development of therapeutic approaches, persistent visual sequelae are seen in 30–40% of survivors. Thus, Me-ION continues to be an important problem for healthcare systems worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir Liberski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Augustyna Szamarzewskiego 84, 61-848, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Bartlomiej J Kaluzny
- Division of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Department of Ophthalmology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Kornela Ujejskiego 75, 85-168, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jarosław Kocięcki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Augustyna Szamarzewskiego 84, 61-848, Poznań, Poland
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Léger H, Santana E, Leu NA, Smith ET, Beltran WA, Aguirre GD, Luca FC. Ndr kinases regulate retinal interneuron proliferation and homeostasis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12544. [PMID: 30135513 PMCID: PMC6105603 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30492-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ndr2/Stk38l encodes a protein kinase associated with the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway and is mutated in a naturally-occurring canine early retinal degeneration (erd). To elucidate the retinal functions of Ndr2 and its paralog Ndr1/Stk38, we generated Ndr1 and Ndr2 single knockout mice. Although retinal lamination appeared normal in these mice, Ndr deletion caused a subset of Pax6-positive amacrine cells to proliferate in differentiated retinas, while concurrently decreasing the number of GABAergic, HuD and Pax6-positive amacrine cells. Retinal transcriptome analyses revealed that Ndr2 deletion increased expression of neuronal stress genes and decreased expression of synaptic organization genes. Consistent with the latter, Ndr deletion dramatically reduced levels of Aak1, an Ndr substrate that regulates vesicle trafficking. Our findings indicate that Ndr kinases are important regulators of amacrine and photoreceptor cells and suggest that Ndr kinases inhibit the proliferation of a subset of terminally differentiated cells and modulate interneuron synapse function via Aak1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Léger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Evelyn Santana
- Division of Experimental Retinal Therapies, Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - N Adrian Leu
- Center for Animal Transgenesis and Germ Cell Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Eliot T Smith
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - William A Beltran
- Division of Experimental Retinal Therapies, Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Gustavo D Aguirre
- Division of Experimental Retinal Therapies, Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Francis C Luca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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Zhou L, Zhao H, Pan T, Trinchi A, Lan M, Wei G. Evaluation of Methanol Induced Free Radicals in Mice Liver. Aust J Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/ch16492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Methanol induced oxidative stress (OS) models in mice were successfully established and evaluated by the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin trapping technique. The capacity for removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS) free radicals by rhubarb and vitamin C (Vc) as candidate materials was also investigated. EPR was employed to determine the free radicals generated from a spin trapping agent, α-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN), that reacted with the ROS. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) were also evaluated by enzyme assays. The results indicated that methanol clearly promoted the generation of ROS free radicals in the liver of mice. The activity of SOD and GSH-PX was reduced significantly, although the level of MDA was increased as a result of the harmful effect of methanol. In addition, rhubarb and Vc exhibited a protective effect on the mice liver under acute OS.
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Funke S, Markowitsch S, Schmelter C, Perumal N, Mwiiri FK, Gabel-Scheurich S, Pfeiffer N, Grus FH. In-Depth Proteomic Analysis of the Porcine Retina by Use of a four Step Differential Extraction Bottom up LC MS Platform. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:7262-7275. [PMID: 27796761 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0172-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The eye of the house swine (Sus scrofa domestica Linnaeus, 1758) represents a promising model for the study of human eye diseases encircling neurodegenerative retina disorders that go along with proteomic changes. To provide an in-depth view into the "normal" (untreated & healthy) porcine retina proteome as an important reference, a proteomic strategy has been developed encircling stepwise/differential extraction, LC MS and peptide de novo sequencing. Accordingly, pooled porcine retina homogenates were processed by stepwise DDM, CHAPS, ASB14 and ACN/TFA extraction. Retinal proteins were fractionated by 1D-SDS PAGE and further analyzed by LC ESI MS following database and de novo sequencing related protein identification and functional analyses. In summary, >2000 retinal proteins (FDR < 1 %) could be identified by use of the highly reproducible and selective extraction procedure. Moreover, an identification surplus of 36 % comparing initial one step extraction to the four step method could be documented. Despite most proteins were identified in the DDM and CHAPS fraction, all extraction steps contributed exclusive proteins with nucleus proteins enriched in the final ACN/TFA fraction. Additionally, for the first time new non-annotated de novo peptides could be documented for the porcine retina. The generated porcine retina proteome reference map contributes importantly to the understanding of the pig eye proteome and the developed workflow has strong translational potential considering retina studies of various species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Funke
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sascha Markowitsch
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Carsten Schmelter
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Natarajan Perumal
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Francis Kamau Mwiiri
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Silke Gabel-Scheurich
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Franz H Grus
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.
- Department of Experimental Ophthalmology, University Medical Center (Universitätsmedizin), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
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The Intoxication Effects of Methanol and Formic Acid on Rat Retina Function. J Ophthalmol 2016; 2016:4087096. [PMID: 27688906 PMCID: PMC5027045 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4087096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. To explore the potential effects of methanol and its metabolite, formic acid, on rat retina function. Methods. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3- and 7-day groups and a control. Experimental groups were given methanol and the control group were provided saline by gavage. Retinal function of each group was assessed by electroretinogram. Concentrations of methanol and formic acid were detected by GC/HS and HPLC, respectively. Results. The a and b amplitudes of methanol treated groups decreased and latent periods delayed in scotopic and photopic ERG recordings. The summed amplitudes of oscillatory potentials (OPs) of groups B and C decreased and the elapsed time delayed. The amplitudes of OS1, OS3, OS4, and OS5 of group B and OS3, OS4, and OS5 of group C decreased compared with the control group. The IPI1 of group B and IPI1-4 of group C were broader compared with the control group and the IPI1-4 and ET of group B were broader than group C. Conclusions. Both of scotopic and photopic retinal functions were impaired by methanol poisoning, and impairment was more serious in the 7-day than in the 3-day group. OPs, especially later OPs and IPI2, were more sensitive to methanol intoxication than other eletroretinogram subcomponents.
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Wang Y, Xu SL, Xu WJ, Yang HY, Hu P, Li YX. Sodium formate induces autophagy and apoptosis via the JNK signaling pathway of photoreceptor cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:1111-8. [PMID: 26676762 PMCID: PMC4732824 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Incidents associated with methanol intoxication resulting from the consumption of fake wine occur not infrequently worldwide. Certain individuals are made blind due to methanol poisoning. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of sodium formate exposure on photoreceptor cells (661W cells). The 661W cells were exposed to sodium formate for 6–24 h and cell viability was determined using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Subsequently, the 661W cells were exposed to 15 or 30 mM sodium formate for 24 h. The level of apoptosis was determined using Hoechst 33342/propidium iodide staining, visualizing the cells under a fluorescence microscope, and annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate staining, using flow cytometric analysis. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured using 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining, followed by flow cytometric analysis. Autophagy of the 661W cells was measured by monodansylcadaverine staining. The activation of phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), B-cell lymphoma (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9 and microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3) was assessed by western blotting. The effects of Z-VAD-fmk (a pan-caspase inhibitor) and SP600125 (a JNK inhibitor) on the viability of the sodium formate-induced 661W cells were determined using an MTT assay. Sodium formate treatment induced a decrease in the viability of the 661W cells in a time- and a dose-dependent manner. In addition, sodium formate at concentrations of 15 or 30 mM markedly increased the level of apoptosis and the ROS levels, as measured by DCFH-DA staining of the 661W cells. Additionally, 661W cells exposed to sodium formate for 24 h exhibited increased levels of p-JNK, Bax, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9 and LC3II (the phosphatidylethanolamine-modified form of LC3), although the level of Bcl-2 was decreased. Furthermore, cell cytotoxicity and autophagy were induced upon treatment with sodium formate. Z-VAD-fmk and SP600125 were able to effectively circumvent the effects of sodium formate on cell viability. These results suggested that the cytotoxicity induced by sodium formate induces the activation of the JNK signaling pathway, leading to caspase-dependent apoptosis. Increased levels of autophagy were also observed during the process of 661W cell damage induced by sodium formate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Lin Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jing Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Yan Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Ping Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Xin Li
- Department of Biology, National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
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Abstract
Current proteomic technologies can effectively be used to study the proteins of the vitreous body and retina in health and disease. The use of appropriate samples, analytical platform and bioinformatic method are essential factors to consider when undertaking such studies. Certain proteins may hinder the detection and evaluation of more relevant proteins associated with pathological processes if not carefully considered, particularly in the sample preparation and data analysis stages. The utilization of more than one quantification technique and database search program to expand the level of proteome coverage and analysis will help to generate more robust and worthwhile results. This review discusses important aspects of sample processing and the use of label and label-free quantitative proteomics strategies applied to the vitreous and retina.
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Permpalung N, Cheungpasitporn W, Chongnarungsin D, Hodgdon TM. Bilateral putaminal hemorrhages: serious complication of methanol intoxication. NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2013; 5:623-4. [PMID: 24350079 PMCID: PMC3842708 DOI: 10.4103/1947-2714.120804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Context: Methanol intoxication is a life-threatening condition. Hallmark of clinical presentations include severe wide anion gap metabolic acidosis with very high serum osmolar gap and visual complication. Case Report: We report a case of severe methanol intoxication with bilateral putaminal hemorrhage, an uncommon serious complication. A 56-year-old man presented with altered mental status. Fundus examination showed optic disc edema. Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) revealed severe anion gap metabolic acidosis with osmolal gap. Head computed tomography (CT) showed hypodense lesions in basal ganglia bilaterally. Hemodialysis and intravenous fomepizole were initiated. Serum methanol level was significantly elevated. Unfortunately, patient was lethargic 2 weeks after discharge. Repeated CT of head demonstrated new putaminal hemorrhages. Conclusion: Bilateral putaminal hemorrhage is an uncommon but serious complication in methanol intoxication. Clinicians should have high index of suspicion for putaminal hemorrhage when patients with recent methanol intoxication present with altered mental status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Travis M Hodgdon
- Department of Medicine, Bassett Medical Center, Cooperstown, New York, USA
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Use of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter from a thermotolerant yeast, Pichia thermomethanolica, for heterologous gene expression, especially at elevated temperature. ANN MICROBIOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-013-0765-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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