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Guillemain G, Khemtemourian L, Brehat J, Morin D, Movassat J, Tourrel-Cuzin C, Lacapere JJ. TSPO in pancreatic beta cells and its possible involvement in type 2 diabetes. Biochimie 2024:S0300-9084(24)00143-3. [PMID: 38908539 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Amyloidosis forms a large family of pathologies associated with amyloid deposit generated by the formation of amyloid fibrils or plaques. The amyloidogenic proteins and peptides involved in these processes are targeted against almost all organs. In brain they are associated with neurodegenerative disease, and the Translocator Protein (TSPO), overexpressed in these inflammatory conditions, is one of the target for the diagnostic. Moreover, TSPO ligands have been described as promising therapeutic drugs for neurodegenerative diseases. Type 2 diabetes, another amyloidosis, is due to a beta cell mass decrease that has been linked to hIAPP (human islet amyloid polypeptide) fibril formation, leading to the reduction of insulin production. In the present study, in a first approach, we link overexpression of TSPO and inflammation in potentially prediabetic patients. In a second approach, we observed that TSPO deficient rats have higher level of insulin secretion in basal conditions and more IAPP fibrils formation compared with wild type animals. In a third approach, we show that diabetogenic conditions also increase TSPO overexpression and IAPP fibril formation in rat beta pancreatic cell line (INS-1E). These data open the way for further studies in the field of type 2 diabetes treatment or prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghislaine Guillemain
- Sorbonne Université, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, INSERM UMR_S938, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Centre de recherche de St-Antoine (CRSA), 27 rue de Chaligny, 75012 Paris, France.
| | | | - Juliette Brehat
- INSERM, U955, IMRB, équipe Ghaleh, Faculté de Médecine, UPEC, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Didier Morin
- INSERM, U955, IMRB, équipe Ghaleh, Faculté de Médecine, UPEC, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Jamileh Movassat
- Université Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, Team "Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine", Paris, France
| | - Cécile Tourrel-Cuzin
- Université Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, Team "Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine", Paris, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Lacapere
- Sorbonne Université, Ecole normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, 75005 Paris, France.
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2
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Witkin JM, Shafique H, Cerne R, Smith JL, Marini AM, Lipsky RH, Delery E. Mechanistic and therapeutic relationships of traumatic brain injury and γ-amino-butyric acid (GABA). Pharmacol Ther 2024; 256:108609. [PMID: 38369062 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a highly prevalent medical condition for which no medications specific for the prophylaxis or treatment of the condition as a whole exist. The spectrum of symptoms includes coma, headache, seizures, cognitive impairment, depression, and anxiety. Although it has been known for years that the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-amino-butyric acid (GABA) is involved in TBI, no novel therapeutics based upon this mechanism have been introduced into clinical practice. We review the neuroanatomical, neurophysiological, neurochemical, and neuropharmacological relationships of GABA neurotransmission to TBI with a view toward new potential GABA-based medicines. The long-standing idea that excitatory and inhibitory (GABA and others) balances are disrupted by TBI is supported by the experimental data but has failed to invent novel methods of restoring this balance. The slow progress in advancing new treatments is due to the complexity of the disorder that encompasses multiple dynamically interacting biological processes including hemodynamic and metabolic systems, neurodegeneration and neurogenesis, major disruptions in neural networks and axons, frank brain lesions, and a multitude of symptoms that have differential neuronal and neurohormonal regulatory mechanisms. Although the current and ongoing clinical studies include GABAergic drugs, no novel GABA compounds are being explored. It is suggested that filling the gap in understanding the roles played by specific GABAA receptor configurations within specific neuronal circuits could help define new therapeutic approaches. Further research into the temporal and spatial delivery of GABA modulators should also be useful. Along with GABA modulation, research into the sequencing of GABA and non-GABA treatments will be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Witkin
- Laboratory of Antiepileptic Drug Discovery, Ascension St. Vincent Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Departments of Neuroscience and Trauma Research, Ascension St. Vincent Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, USA; RespireRx Pharmaceuticals Inc, Glen Rock, NJ, USA.
| | | | - Rok Cerne
- Laboratory of Antiepileptic Drug Discovery, Ascension St. Vincent Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, USA; RespireRx Pharmaceuticals Inc, Glen Rock, NJ, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University/Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jodi L Smith
- Laboratory of Antiepileptic Drug Discovery, Ascension St. Vincent Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ann M Marini
- Department of Neurology, Program in Neuroscience, and Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert H Lipsky
- Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth Delery
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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3
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Shen Z, Xiang M, Chen C, Ding F, Wang Y, Shang C, Xin L, Zhang Y, Cui X. Glutamate excitotoxicity: Potential therapeutic target for ischemic stroke. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113125. [PMID: 35609367 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity is an important mechanism leading to post ischemic stroke damage. After acute stroke, the sudden reduction in cerebral blood flow is most initially followed by ion transport protein dysfunction and disruption of ion homeostasis, which in turn leads to impaired glutamate release, reuptake, and excessive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) activation, promoting neuronal death. Despite extensive evidence from preclinical studies suggesting that excessive NMDAR stimulation during ischemic stroke is a central step in post-stroke damage, NMDAR blockers have failed to translate into clinical stroke treatment. Current treatment options for stroke are very limited, and there is therefore a great need to develop new targets for neuroprotective therapeutic agents in ischemic stroke to extend the therapeutic time window. In this review, we highlight recent findings on glutamate release, reuptake mechanisms, NMDAR and its downstream cellular signaling pathways in post-ischemic stroke damage, and review the pathological changes in each link to help develop viable new therapeutic targets. We then also summarize potential neuroprotective drugs and therapeutic approaches for these new targets in the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihuan Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Clinical Medical School, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mi Xiang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Fan Ding
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Clinical Medical School, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuling Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Clinical Medical School, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chang Shang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Clinical Medical School, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Laiyun Xin
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Xiangning Cui
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
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4
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da Rosa-Junior NT, Parmeggiani B, Glänzel NM, de Moura Alvorcem L, Brondani M, Britto R, Grings M, Ortiz VD, Turck P, da Rosa Araujo AS, Wajner M, Leipnitz G. Antioxidant system disturbances and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by 3-methyglutaric acid in rat heart are prevented by bezafibrate. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 924:174950. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Ma Y, Qi Q, He Q, Gilyazova NS, Ibeanu G, Li PA. Neuroprotection by B355252 against Glutamate-Induced Cytotoxicity in Murine Hippocampal HT-22 Cells Is Associated with Activation of ERK3 Signaling Pathway. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:1662-1669. [PMID: 34719643 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate differentially affects the levels extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and ERK3 and the protective effect of B355252, an aryl thiophene compound, 4-chloro-N-(naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)-5-(3-(piperazin-1-yl)phenoxy)thiophene-2-sulfonamide, is associated with suppression of ERK1/2. The objectives of this study were to further investigate the impact of B355252 on ERK3 and its downstream signaling pathways affected by glutamate exposure in the mouse hippocampal HT-22 neuronal cells. Murine hippocampal HT22 cells were incubated with glutamate and treated with B355252. Cell viability was assessed, protein levels of pERK3, ERK3, mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase-5 (MAPKAPK-5), steroid receptor coactivator 3 (SRC-3), p-S6 and S6 were measured using Western blotting, and immunoreactivity of p-S6 was determined by immunocytochemistry. The results reveal that glutamate markedly diminished the protein levels of p-ERK3 and its downstream targets MK-5 and SRC-3 and increased p-S6, an indicator for mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation. Conversely, treatment with B355252 protected the cells from glutamate-induced damage and prevented the glutamate-caused declines of p-ERK3, MK-5 and SRC-3 and increase of p-S6. Our study demonstrates that one of the mechanisms that glutamate mediates its cytotoxicity is through suppression of ERK3 and that B355252 rescues the cells from glutamate toxicity by reverting ERK3 level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Ma
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technological Enterprise (BRITE), College of Health and Sciences, North Carolina Central University
| | - Qi Qi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technological Enterprise (BRITE), College of Health and Sciences, North Carolina Central University.,The Julis Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute (BBRI), North Carolina Central University
| | - Qingping He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technological Enterprise (BRITE), College of Health and Sciences, North Carolina Central University
| | - Nailya S Gilyazova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technological Enterprise (BRITE), College of Health and Sciences, North Carolina Central University
| | - Gordon Ibeanu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technological Enterprise (BRITE), College of Health and Sciences, North Carolina Central University
| | - P Andy Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technological Enterprise (BRITE), College of Health and Sciences, North Carolina Central University
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6
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Zhang M, Cui Y, Cheng Y, Wang Q, Sun H. The neuroprotective effect and possible therapeutic application of xenon in neurological diseases. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:3274-3283. [PMID: 34716615 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Xenon is an inert gas with stable chemical properties which is used as an anesthetic. Recent in vitro and in vivo findings indicate that xenon also elicits an excellent neuroprotective effect in subanesthetic concentrations. The mechanisms underlying this primarily involve the attenuation of excitotoxicity and the inhibition of N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors and NMDA receptor-related effects, such as antioxidative effects, reduced activation of microglia, and Ca2+ -dependent mechanisms, as well as the interaction with certain ion channels and glial cells. Based on this strong neuroprotective role, a large number of experimental and clinical studies have confirmed the significant therapeutic effect of xenon in the treatment of neurological diseases. This review summarizes the reported neuroprotective mechanisms of xenon and discusses its possible therapeutic application in the treatment of various neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yaru Cui
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yao Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Qiaoyun Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Hongliu Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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7
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Anti-Oxidative, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Apoptotic Effects of Flavonols: Targeting Nrf2, NF-κB and p53 Pathways in Neurodegeneration. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101628. [PMID: 34679762 PMCID: PMC8533072 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are one of the leading causes of disability and death worldwide. Intracellular transduction pathways that end in the activation of specific transcription factors are highly implicated in the onset and progression of pathological changes related to neurodegeneration, of which those related to oxidative stress (OS) and neuroinflammation are particularly important. Here, we provide a brief overview of the key concepts related to OS- and neuroinflammation-mediated neuropathological changes in neurodegeneration, together with the role of transcription factors nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). This review is focused on the transcription factor p53 that coordinates the cellular response to diverse genotoxic stimuli, determining neuronal death or survival. As current pharmacological options in the treatment of neurodegenerative disease are only symptomatic, many research efforts are aimed at uncovering efficient disease-modifying agents. Natural polyphenolic compounds demonstrate powerful anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects, partially acting as modulators of signaling pathways. Herein, we review the current understanding of the therapeutic potential and limitations of flavonols in neuroprotection, with emphasis on their anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects along the Nrf2, NF-κB and p53 pathways. A better understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms of their action may pave the way toward new treatments.
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8
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Choudhury ME, Miyanishi K, Takeda H, Tanaka J. Microglia and the Aging Brain: Are Geriatric Microglia Linked to Poor Sleep Quality? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157824. [PMID: 34360590 PMCID: PMC8345993 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor sleep quality and disrupted circadian behavior are a normal part of aging and include excessive daytime sleepiness, increased sleep fragmentation, and decreased total sleep time and sleep quality. Although the neuronal decline underlying the cellular mechanism of poor sleep has been extensively investigated, brain function is not fully dependent on neurons. A recent antemortem autographic study and postmortem RNA sequencing and immunohistochemical studies on aged human brain have investigated the relationship between sleep fragmentation and activation of the innate immune cells of the brain, microglia. In the process of aging, there are marked reductions in the number of brain microglial cells, and the depletion of microglial cells disrupts circadian rhythmicity of brain tissue. We also showed, in a previous study, that pharmacological suppression of microglial function induced sleep abnormalities. However, the mechanism underlying the contribution of microglial cells to sleep homeostasis is only beginning to be understood. This review revisits the impact of aging on the microglial population and activation, as well as microglial contribution to sleep maintenance and response to sleep loss. Most importantly, this review will answer questions such as whether there is any link between senescent microglia and age-related poor quality sleep and how this exacerbates neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed E. Choudhury
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon 791-0295, Ehime, Japan
- Correspondence: (M.E.C.); (J.T.)
| | - Kazuya Miyanishi
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan;
| | - Haruna Takeda
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan;
| | - Junya Tanaka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon 791-0295, Ehime, Japan
- Correspondence: (M.E.C.); (J.T.)
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9
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Zhou XM, Liu CY, Liu YY, Ma QY, Zhao X, Jiang YM, Li XJ, Chen JX. Xiaoyaosan Alleviates Hippocampal Glutamate-Induced Toxicity in the CUMS Rats via NR2B and PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:586788. [PMID: 33912031 PMCID: PMC8075411 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.586788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: It is revealed that Xiaoyaosan could reduce glutamate level in the hippocampus of depressed rats, whose metabolism leads to the pathophysiology of depression. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aims to explore the effect of Xiaoyaosan on glutamate metabolism, and how to regulate the excitatory injury caused by glutamate. Methods: Rats were induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress, then divided into control, vehicle (distilled water), Xiaoyaosan, fluoxetine, vehicle (DMSO), Xiaoyaosan + Ly294002 and Ly294002 groups. Ly294002 was microinjected into the lateral ventricular catheterization at 5 mM. Xiaoyaosan (2.224 g/kg) and fluoxetine (2.0 mg/kg) were orally administered for three weeks. The open field test (OFT), forced swimming test (FST), and sucrose preference test (SPT) were used to assess depressive behavior. The glutamate and corticosterone (CORT) levels were detected by ELISA. Western blot, immunochemistry or immunofluorescence were used to detect the expressions of NR2B, MAP2, PI3K and P-AKT/Akt in the hippocampal CA1 region. The mRNA level of MAP2, NR2B and PI3K were detected by RT-qPCR. Results: Compared to the rats in control group, body weight and food intake of CUMS rats was decreased. CUMS rats also showed depression-like behavior as well as down regulate the NR2B and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Xiaoyaosan treatments could increase food intake and body weight as well as improved time spent in the central area, total distance traveled in the OFT. Xiaoyaosan could also decrease the immobility time as well as increase the sucrose preference in SPT. Moreover, xiaoyaosan decreased the level of glutamate in the hippocampal CA1 region and serum CORT in CUMS rats. Furthermore, xiaoyaosan improved the expression of MAP2 as well as increased the expression of NR2B, PI3K and the P-AKT/AKT ratio in the hippocampal CA1 region in the CUMS rats. Conclusion: Xiaoyaosan treatment can exert the antidepressant effect by rescuing hippocampal neurons loss induced by the glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity in CUMS rats. The underlying pathway maybe through NR2B and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. These results may suggest the potential of Xiaoyaosan in preventing the development of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ming Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Haerbin, China
| | - Chen-Yue Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yue-Yun Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Yu Ma
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - You-Ming Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Li
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Xiao-Juan Li, ; Jia-Xu Chen,
| | - Jia-Xu Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Xiao-Juan Li, ; Jia-Xu Chen,
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10
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Sun J, Li X, Gu X, Du H, Zhang G, Wu J, Wang F. Neuroprotective effect of hydrogen sulfide against glutamate-induced oxidative stress is mediated via the p53/glutaminase 2 pathway after traumatic brain injury. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:7180-7189. [PMID: 33640879 PMCID: PMC7993660 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Several reports suggest that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) exerts multiple biological and physiological effects on the pathogenesis of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the exact molecular mechanism involved in this effect is not yet fully known. In this study, we found that H2S alleviated TBI-induced motor and spatial memory deficits, brain pathology, and brain edema. Moreover, sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), an H2S donor, treatment markedly increased the expression of Bcl-2, while inhibited the expression of Bax and Cleaved caspase-3 in TBI-challenged rats. Tunnel staining also demonstrated these results. Treatment with NaHS significantly reduced the glutamate and glutaminase 2 (GLS-2) protein levels, and glutamate-mediated oxidative stress in TBI-challenged rats. Furthermore, we demonstrated that H2S treatment inhibited glutamate-mediated oxidative stress through the p53/GLS-2 pathway. Therefore, our results suggested that H2S protects brain injury induced by TBI through modulation of the glutamate-mediated oxidative stress in the p53/GLS-2 pathway-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Hailong Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Gengshen Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Jianliang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, P.R. China
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11
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Zhang H, Ma L, Guo WZ, Jiao LB, Zhao HY, Ma YQ, Hao XM. TSPO ligand etifoxine attenuates LPS-induced cognitive dysfunction in mice. Brain Res Bull 2020; 165:178-184. [PMID: 33075418 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The translocator protein (TSPO), once known as peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor, was reported to be related with several physiological functions. Etifoxine is a clinically available anxiolytic drug, and has recently shown neuroprotective effects as a TSPO ligand. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of etifoxine on LPS-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction. C57/BL6 male mice were injected with etifoxine (50 mg/kg, i.p.) three days before lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 500 μg/kg, i.p.) administration. Etifoxine pretreatment alleviated hippocampal inflammation, increased brain levels of progesterone, allopregnanolone and attenuated cognitive dysfunction in LPS-injected mice. While LPS increased expression of caspase-3 and decreased p-Akt/Akt, etifoxine returned caspase-3 and p-Akt/Akt to control levels. Finasteride, a 5α-reductase inhibitor that blocked allopregnanolone production, partially reversed the effects of etifoxine. We concluded that etifoxine exerted neuroprotective effects in LPS-induced neuroinflammation and the neuroprotection may be related with increase of neurosteroids synthesis and decrease of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Air Force Medical Center of the Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100142, China.
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, 7th Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Wen-Zhi Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, 7th Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Lin-Bo Jiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Shouda E.E.N.T Hospital, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Hong-Yu Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, 7th Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Ya-Qun Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, 7th Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xue-Mei Hao
- Operating Room, 7th Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China.
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12
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He XF, Li G, Li LL, Li MY, Liang FY, Chen X, Hu XQ. Overexpression of Slit2 decreases neuronal excitotoxicity, accelerates glymphatic clearance, and improves cognition in a multiple microinfarcts model. Mol Brain 2020; 13:135. [PMID: 33028376 PMCID: PMC7542754 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00659-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebral microinfarcts (MIs) lead to progressive cognitive impairments in the elderly, and there is currently no effective preventative strategy due to uncertainty about the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. One possibility is the dysfunction of GABAergic transmission and ensuing excitotoxicity. Dysfunction of GABAergic transmission induces excitotoxicity, which contributes to stroke pathology, but the mechanism has kept unknown. The secreted leucine-rich repeat (LRR) family protein slit homologue 2 (Slit2) upregulates GABAergic activity and protects against global cerebral ischemia, but the neuroprotective efficacy of Slit2 against MIs has not been examined. Methods Middle-aged Wild type (WT) and Slit2-Tg mice were divided into sham and MI treatment groups. MIs were induced in parietal cortex by laser-evoked arteriole occlusion. Spatial memory was then compared between sham and MI groups using the Morris water maze (MWM) task. In addition, neuronal activity, blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability, and glymphatic clearance in peri-infarct areas were compared using two-photon imaging, while GABAergic transmission, microglial activation, neuronal loss, and altered cortical connectivity were compared by immunofluorescent staining or western blotting. Results Microinfarcts increased the amplitude and frequency of spontaneous intracellular Ca2+ signals, reduced neuronal survival and connectivity within parietal cortex, decreased the number of GABAergic interneurons and expression of vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT), induced neuroinflammation, and impaired both glymphatic clearance and spatial memory. Alternatively, Slit2 overexpression attenuated dysfunctional neuronal Ca2+ signaling, protected against neuronal death in the peri-infarct area as well as loss of parietal cortex connectivity, increased GABAergic interneuron number and VGAT expression, attenuated neuroinflammation, and improved both glymphatic clearance and spatial memory. Conclusion Our results strongly suggest that overexpression of Slit2 protected against the dysfunction in MIs, which is a potential therapeutic target for cognition impairment in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ge Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, 510663, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Li Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming-Yue Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng-Yin Liang
- Department of Neurology, National Key clinical department and Key discipline of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xi-Quan Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Zhou YJ, Chen JM, Sapkota K, Long JY, Liao YJ, Jiang JJ, Liang BY, Wei JB, Zhou Y. Pananx notoginseng saponins attenuate CCL2-induced cognitive deficits in rats via anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis effects that involve suppressing over-activation of NMDA receptors. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110139. [PMID: 32302948 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are characterized by synaptic damage and neuronal loss in the brain, ultimately leading to progressive decline of cognitive abilities and memory. Chemokine CC motif ligand 2 (CCL2) is elevated in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and has been believed to contribute to HAND. Previous studies by our research team have shown that CCL2 enhances N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) and causes nerve cell damage. However, there are few drugs currently available to treat nerve damage that is caused by CCL2. Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) are isolated from Panax notoginseng and benefit the human body in various ways, including the neuroprotective effect. However, the protective effect of PNS on CCL2-induced neurotoxicity remains unknown. In this study, we found that PNS improved CCL2-induced learning and memory impairment, and inhibited CCL2-induced cell death. These effects may be due to inhibiting over-activation of NMDA receptors by alleviating the dysfunction of glutamate metabolism. Furthermore, PNS-modulated CCL2-inducd intracellular oxidative stress was found to attenuate cell inflammation. Additionally, PNS pretreatment evidently inhibited apoptotic pathways by reducing the Bax/BCL-2 ratio and caspase-3, 8, 9 expressions. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that PNS provides substantial neuroprotection against CCL2-induced neurotoxicity, and may be a novel therapeutic agent in CCL2-induced HAND or other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
| | - Jian-Min Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
| | - Kiran Sapkota
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, United States
| | - Jiang-Yi Long
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Yuan-Jun Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Jun-Jun Jiang
- Guangxi key laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Bing-Yu Liang
- Guangxi key laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Jin-Bin Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
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14
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Zhang M, Jin F, Zhu Y, Qi F. Peripheral FGFR1 Regulates Myofascial Pain in Rats via the PI3K/AKT Pathway. Neuroscience 2020; 436:1-10. [PMID: 32278061 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a type of skeletal pain identified by myofascial trigger points (MTrPs). The formation of MTrPs is linked to muscle damage. The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR1) has been found to cause pain sensitivity while repairing tissue damage. The aim of the current study was to explore the mechanism of FGFR1 in MTrPs. We used a RayBio human phosphorylation array kit to measure p-FGFR1 levels in human control subjects and patients with MTrPs. P-FGFR1 was upregulated in the patients with MTrPs. Then a rat model of MPS was established by a blunt strike on the left gastrocnemius muscles (GM) and eccentric-exercise for 8 weeks with 4 weeks of recovery. After establishing the MPS model, the morphology of the GM changed, and the differently augmented sizes of round fibers (contracture knots) in the transverse section and fusiform shapes in the longitudinal section were clearly seen in the rats with myofascial pain. The expression of p-FGFR1 was upregulated on the peripheral nerves and dorsal root ganglion neurons in the MTrPs group. The spinal Fos protein expression was increased in the MTrPs group. Additionally, the mechanical pain threshold was reduced, and the expression of FGF2, p-FGFR1, PI3K-p110γ, and p-AKT increased in the MTrPs group. PD173074 increased the mechanical pain threshold of the MTrPs group, and inhibited the expression of p-FGFR1, PI3K-p110γ, and p-AKT. Moreover, LY294002 increased the mechanical pain threshold of the MTrPs group. These findings suggest that FGFR1 may regulate myofascial pain in rats through the PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Clinic, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Ji'nan, Shandong 250012, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, 181 Xingtan Road, Tengzhou, Shandong 277500, China
| | - Feihong Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Clinic, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Ji'nan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yuchang Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tai'an City Central Hospital, 29 Longtan Road, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, China
| | - Feng Qi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Clinic, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Ji'nan, Shandong 250012, China.
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15
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Yang C, Zhang T, Wang W, Xiang Y, Huang Q, Xie C, Zhao L, Zheng H, Yang Y, Gao H. Brain-Region Specific Metabolic Abnormalities in Parkinson's Disease and Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:75. [PMID: 32256342 PMCID: PMC7089871 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence point to alteration in brain metabolic homeostasis in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID), yet the metabolic mechanism in different brain regions underlying PD and LID remains largely unknown. The present study aimed to uncover the metabolic pathways across anatomical regions in the brain of PD and LID. Using an NMR-based metabolomic approach, we generated the metabolomics profiling data from six different brain regions of PD rats and following the onset of LIDs. The diversity of metabolite patterns across the brain and its relation to PD and LID were further investigated through principal component analysis (PCA) and multivariate general linear model. Compared with control rats, dopamine loss in PD rats produced a marked and persistent metabolic disturbance in neurotransmitter metabolism and energy pathway, resulting in a metabolic imbalance among different brain regions. In LID rats, levodopa replacement did not restore the midbrain-striatum metabolic crosstalk and metabolic disturbance throughout the brain was involved in levodopa related involuntary movements. Most notably, the midbrain and right cortex were identified as the primary regions of metabolic abnormalities in PD and LID rats. Neurochemical differences in metabolic phenotypes were mainly defined by various neurotransmitters including glutamate, glutamine and aspartate. Accordingly, we found that the PD and LID rats exhibited lower levels of synaptophysin (SYP), a marker for synaptic plasticity, compared with control rats. These findings provide key insights into the metabolic mechanism underlying PD and LID by defining brain-region specific metabolic phenotype, with implications for developing targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wuqiong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yilan Xiang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qun Huang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chenglong Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liangcai Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yunjun Yang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongchang Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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16
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Inhibition of PSMD4 blocks the tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Gene 2019; 702:66-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Radovanović V, Vlainić J, Hanžić N, Ukić P, Oršolić N, Baranović G, Jazvinšćak Jembrek M. Neurotoxic Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Propolis in the Presence of Copper Ions is Mediated through Enhanced Production of ROS and Stimulation of caspase-3/7 Activity. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11050273. [PMID: 31096598 PMCID: PMC6563224 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11050273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated amounts of copper are considered to be contributing factor in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases as they promote oxidative stress conditions. The aim of our study was to examine the effects of ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) against copper-induced neuronal damage. In cultured P19 neuronal cells, EEP exacerbated copper-provoked neuronal cell death by increasing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and through the activation of caspase-3/7 activity. EEP augmented copper-induced up-regulation of p53 and Bax mRNA expressions. Neurotoxic effects of EEP were accompanied by a strong induction of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) expression and decrease in the expression of c-fos mRNA. SB203580, an inhibitor of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) prevented detrimental effects of EEP, whereas SP600125, an inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), exacerbated EEP-induced neuronal cell death. Quercetin, a polyphenolic nutraceutical, which is usually present in propolis, was also able to exacerbate copper-induced neuronal death. Our data indicates a pro-oxidative and apoptotic mode of EEP action in the presence of excess copper, wherein ROS/p53/p38 interactions play an important role in death cascades. Our study also pointed out that detailed pharmacological and toxicological studies must be carried out for propolis and other dietary supplements in order to fully recognize the potential adverse effects in specific conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedrana Radovanović
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 100000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Josipa Vlainić
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 100000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Nikolina Hanžić
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 100000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Petra Ukić
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Nada Oršolić
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Goran Baranović
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Maja Jazvinšćak Jembrek
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 100000 Zagreb, Croatia.
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Croatia, Ilica 242, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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18
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A Metabonomics Investigation into the Therapeutic Effects of BuChang NaoXinTong Capsules on Reversing the Amino Acid-Protein Interaction Network of Cerebral Ischemia. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7258624. [PMID: 31015890 PMCID: PMC6446104 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7258624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Amino acids (AAs) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) play a pivotal role in cerebral ischemia (CI). BuChang NaoXinTong Capsules (BNC) are widely prescribed in Chinese medicine for the treatment of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases. Methods In order to investigate the therapeutic effects and pharmacological mechanisms of BNC on reversing CI from a system level, an amino acid-protein interaction imbalanced network of CI containing metabolites of AAs, key regulatory enzymes, and proteins was constructed for the first time. Furthermore, a novel method for detecting the ten AAs in CSF was developed by UPLC-QQQ-MS in an effort to validate the imbalanced networks and the therapeutic effects of BNC via analysis of metabolites. Results Based on a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model, the dynamic levels of amino acids in CSF 3, 6, 12, and 24 h after MCAO were analyzed. Up to 24 h, the accumulated nine AA biomarkers were found to significantly change in the MCAO group compared to the sham group and exhibited an obvious tendency for returning to baseline values after BNC treatment. In addition, based on the imbalanced network of CI, four key enzymes that regulate the generation of BNC-mediated AA biomarkers were selected and validated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blotting. Finally, aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase (AADC) was found to be one of the putative targets for BNC-mediated protection against CI. Conclusion This study provides new strategies to explore the mechanism of cerebral ischemia and help discover the potential mechanism of BNC.
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Bezafibrate In Vivo Administration Prevents 3-Methylglutaric Acid-Induced Impairment of Redox Status, Mitochondrial Biogenesis, and Neural Injury in Brain of Developing Rats. Neurotox Res 2019; 35:809-822. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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20
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Welling LC, Welling MS, Figueiredo EG. Zolpidem in comatose patients: Prescriptions on clinical practice and time for a new randomized clinical trial. World Neurosurg 2019; 124:131-132. [PMID: 30682515 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo C Welling
- Neurological Surgery Department. State University of Ponta Grossa. Brazil
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Jazvinšćak Jembrek M, Vlainić J, Čadež V, Šegota S. Atomic force microscopy reveals new biophysical markers for monitoring subcellular changes in oxidative injury: Neuroprotective effects of quercetin at the nanoscale. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200119. [PMID: 30303965 PMCID: PMC6179194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been recognised as an important pathological mechanism underlying the development of neurodegenerative diseases. The biomarkers for assessing the degree of oxidative stress have been attracting much interest because of their potential clinical relevance in understanding the cellular effects of free radicals and evaluation of the efficacy of drug treatment. Here, an interdisciplinary approach using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and cellular and biological molecular methods were used to investigate oxidative damage in P19 neurons and to reveal the underlying mechanism of protective action of quercetin. Biological methods demonstrated the oxidative damage of P19 neurons and showed that quercetin improved neuronal survival by preventing H2O2-induced p53 and Bcl-2 down-regulation and modulated Akt and ERK1/2 signalling pathways. For the first time, AFM was employed to evaluate morphologically (roughness, height, Feret dimension) and nanomechanical (elasticity) properties in H2O2-induced neuronal damage. The AFM analysis revealed that quercetin suppressed H2O2-provoked changes in cell membrane elasticity and morphological properties, thus confirming its neuroprotective activity. The obtained results indicate the potential of AFM-measured parameters as a biophysical markers of oxidative stress-induced neurodegeneration. In general, our study suggests that AFM can be used as a highly valuable tool in other biomedical applications aimed at screening and monitoring of drug-induced effects at cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Jazvinšćak Jembrek
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Psychology, Croatian Catholic University, Zagreb, Croatia
- * E-mail: (MJJ); (SS)
| | - Josipa Vlainić
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vida Čadež
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Suzana Šegota
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
- * E-mail: (MJJ); (SS)
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