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Spencer PS, Valdes Angues R, Palmer VS. Nodding syndrome: A role for environmental biotoxins that dysregulate MECP2 expression? J Neurol Sci 2024; 462:123077. [PMID: 38850769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2024.123077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Nodding syndrome is an epileptic encephalopathy associated with neuroinflammation and tauopathy. This initially pediatric brain disease, which has some clinical overlap with Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) Duplication Syndrome, has impacted certain impoverished East African communities coincident with local civil conflict and internal displacement, conditions that forced dependence on contaminated food and water. A potential role in Nodding syndrome for certain biotoxins (freshwater cyanotoxins plus/minus mycotoxins) with neuroinflammatory, excitotoxic, tauopathic, and MECP2-dysregulating properties, is considered here for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Spencer
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Gulu University School of Medicine, Gulu, Uganda.
| | - Raquel Valdes Angues
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Valerie S Palmer
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Gulu University School of Medicine, Gulu, Uganda
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2
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More M, Chatterjee S, Saha P, Bose D, Trivedi A, Roy S, Chatterjee S. Host microbiome associated low intestinal acetate correlates with progressive NLRP3-dependent hepatic-immunotoxicity in early life microcystin-LR exposure. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 24:78. [PMID: 38093299 PMCID: PMC10720243 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-023-00721-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microcystins (MCs), potent hepatotoxins pose a significant health risk to humans, particularly children, who are more vulnerable due to higher water intake and increased exposure during recreational activities. METHODS Here, we investigated the role of host microbiome-linked acetate in modulating inflammation caused by early-life exposure to the cyanotoxin Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) in a juvenile mice model. RESULTS Our study revealed that early-life MC-LR exposure disrupted the gut microbiome, leading to a depletion of key acetate-producing bacteria and decreased luminal acetate concentration. Consequently, the dysbiosis hindered the establishment of a gut homeostatic microenvironment and disrupted gut barrier function. The NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain - containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a key player in MC-induced hepatoxicity emerged as a central player in this process, with acetate supplementation effectively preventing NLRP3 inflammasome activation, attenuating hepatic inflammation, and decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokine production. To elucidate the mechanism underlying the association between early-life MC-LR exposure and the progression of metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), we investigated the role of acetate binding to its receptor -G-protein coupled receptor 43 (GPR43) on NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Our results demonstrated that acetate-GPR43 signaling was crucial for decreasing NLRP3 protein levels and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome assembly. Further, acetate-induced decrease in NLRP3 protein levels was likely mediated through proteasomal degradation rather than autophagy. Overall, our findings underscore the significance of a healthy gut microbiome and its metabolites, particularly acetate, in the progression of hepatotoxicity induced by early life toxin exposure, crucial for MASLD progression. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights potential therapeutic targets in gut dysbiosis and NLRP3 inflammasome activation for mitigating toxin-associated inflammatory liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhura More
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Program in Public Health, University of California - Irvine, 92697, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Punnag Saha
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Program in Public Health, University of California - Irvine, 92697, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Dipro Bose
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Program in Public Health, University of California - Irvine, 92697, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ayushi Trivedi
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Program in Public Health, University of California - Irvine, 92697, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Subhajit Roy
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Program in Public Health, University of California - Irvine, 92697, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Saurabh Chatterjee
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Program in Public Health, University of California - Irvine, 92697, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Toxicology Core, NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health on Climate Change Interactions, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Program in Public Health, University of California - Irvine, 92697, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, UCI School of Medicine, University of California - Irvine, 92697, Irvine, CA, USA.
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He J, Chen Y, Dai S, Chen F, Wang Y, Shi T, Chen L, Liu Y, Chen J, Xie P. First insights into region-specific lipidome alterations of prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of mice exposed chronically to microcystins. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 177:108018. [PMID: 37329758 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs), a group of most widespread freshwater cyanotoxins that possess strong neurotoxicity, can adversely affect brain structures and functions and are linked to neurodegenerative diseases. Despite the essential role of lipids in brain structures and functions, the brain lipidome profile of mammals exposed to MCs remains unexplored, hindering a clear understanding of the neurotoxic effects of MCs and underlying mechanisms. In this study, we performed untargeted lipidomic profiling using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) on the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of mice orally exposed to 30 and 300 μg/kg body mass/day of microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR) for 180 days to evaluate the impacts of MC-LR on the brain lipidome profile and functions. Our results show that MC-LR resulted in a decline in cognitive parameters, as assessed by the Morris water maze test. Interestingly, apparent neurodegenerative changes were observed in the prefrontal cortex, but not in the hippocampus. Comprehensive lipidomic analyses uncovered profound, region-specific changes in the phospholipid and sphingolipid profile at the levels of lipid subclasses, lipid species, and fatty acyl composition. These changes showed overall decrease trends of lipid content in the prefrontal cortex yet increasing trends in the hippocampus. We identified distinct transcriptional regulations of lipid metabolism and apoptosis by MC-LR in the two regions, which appeared to underlie the neurodegenerative changes. Collectively, this study uncovers region-specific changes in the brain lipidome profile and functions induced by MCs, shedding light on the role of lipid dysfunction in neurotoxicity mechanism of MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shiming Dai
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yeke Wang
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ting Shi
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Ping Xie
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China.
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Mladenov M, Lubomirov L, Grisk O, Avtanski D, Mitrokhin V, Sazdova I, Keremidarska-Markova M, Danailova Y, Nikolaev G, Konakchieva R, Gagov H. Oxidative Stress, Reductive Stress and Antioxidants in Vascular Pathogenesis and Aging. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051126. [PMID: 37237992 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This review is focused on the mechanisms that regulate health, disease and aging redox status, the signal pathways that counteract oxidative and reductive stress, the role of food components and additives with antioxidant properties (curcumin, polyphenols, vitamins, carotenoids, flavonoids, etc.), and the role of the hormones irisin and melatonin in the redox homeostasis of animal and human cells. The correlations between the deviation from optimal redox conditions and inflammation, allergic, aging and autoimmune responses are discussed. Special attention is given to the vascular system, kidney, liver and brain oxidative stress processes. The role of hydrogen peroxide as an intracellular and paracrine signal molecule is also reviewed. The cyanotoxins β-N-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA), cylindrospermopsin, microcystins and nodularins are introduced as potentially dangerous food and environment pro-oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitko Mladenov
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Institute of Biology, "Ss. Cyril and Methodius" University, P.O. Box 162, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Lubomir Lubomirov
- Institute of Physiology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Olaf Grisk
- Institute of Physiology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Dimiter Avtanski
- Friedman Diabetes Institute, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, 110 E 59th Street, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Vadim Mitrokhin
- Department of Physiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovityanova Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Iliyana Sazdova
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 8 Dragan Tzankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Milena Keremidarska-Markova
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 8 Dragan Tzankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Yana Danailova
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 8 Dragan Tzankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Georgi Nikolaev
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rossitza Konakchieva
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Hristo Gagov
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 8 Dragan Tzankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Chatterjee S, More M. Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Bloom Toxin Microcystin and Increased Vibrio Occurrence as Climate-Change-Induced Biological Co-Stressors: Exposure and Disease Outcomes via Their Interaction with Gut-Liver-Brain Axis. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:289. [PMID: 37104227 PMCID: PMC10144574 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15040289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of global warming are not limited to rising global temperatures and have set in motion a complex chain of events contributing to climate change. A consequence of global warming and the resultant climate change is the rise in cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyano-HABs) across the world, which pose a threat to public health, aquatic biodiversity, and the livelihood of communities that depend on these water systems, such as farmers and fishers. An increase in cyano-HABs and their intensity is associated with an increase in the leakage of cyanotoxins. Microcystins (MCs) are hepatotoxins produced by some cyanobacterial species, and their organ toxicology has been extensively studied. Recent mouse studies suggest that MCs can induce gut resistome changes. Opportunistic pathogens such as Vibrios are abundantly found in the same habitat as phytoplankton, such as cyanobacteria. Further, MCs can complicate human disorders such as heat stress, cardiovascular diseases, type II diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Firstly, this review describes how climate change mediates the rise in cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms in freshwater, causing increased levels of MCs. In the later sections, we aim to untangle the ways in which MCs can impact various public health concerns, either solely or in combination with other factors resulting from climate change. In conclusion, this review helps researchers understand the multiple challenges brought forth by a changing climate and the complex relationships between microcystin, Vibrios, and various environmental factors and their effect on human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Chatterjee
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Program in Public Health, University of California–Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Toxicology Core, NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health on Climate Change Interactions, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Program in Public Health, University of California–Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, UCI School of Medicine, University of California–Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Madhura More
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Program in Public Health, University of California–Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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6
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Nugumanova G, Ponomarev ED, Askarova S, Fasler-Kan E, Barteneva NS. Freshwater Cyanobacterial Toxins, Cyanopeptides and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15030233. [PMID: 36977124 PMCID: PMC10057253 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15030233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria produce a wide range of structurally diverse cyanotoxins and bioactive cyanopeptides in freshwater, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems. The health significance of these metabolites, which include genotoxic- and neurotoxic agents, is confirmed by continued associations between the occurrence of animal and human acute toxic events and, in the long term, by associations between cyanobacteria and neurodegenerative diseases. Major mechanisms related to the neurotoxicity of cyanobacteria compounds include (1) blocking of key proteins and channels; (2) inhibition of essential enzymes in mammalian cells such as protein phosphatases and phosphoprotein phosphatases as well as new molecular targets such as toll-like receptors 4 and 8. One of the widely discussed implicated mechanisms includes a misincorporation of cyanobacterial non-proteogenic amino acids. Recent research provides evidence that non-proteinogenic amino acid BMAA produced by cyanobacteria have multiple effects on translation process and bypasses the proof-reading ability of the aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetase. Aberrant proteins generated by non-canonical translation may be a factor in neuronal death and neurodegeneration. We hypothesize that the production of cyanopeptides and non-canonical amino acids is a more general mechanism, leading to mistranslation, affecting protein homeostasis, and targeting mitochondria in eukaryotic cells. It can be evolutionarily ancient and initially developed to control phytoplankton communities during algal blooms. Outcompeting gut symbiotic microorganisms may lead to dysbiosis, increased gut permeability, a shift in blood-brain-barrier functionality, and eventually, mitochondrial dysfunction in high-energy demanding neurons. A better understanding of the interaction between cyanopeptides metabolism and the nervous system will be crucial to target or to prevent neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Nugumanova
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Eugene D Ponomarev
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Sholpan Askarova
- Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Elizaveta Fasler-Kan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital, Inselspital Bern, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Natasha S Barteneva
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
- The Environment & Resource Efficiency Cluster (EREC), Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
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Jha D, Bakker ENTP, Kumar R. Mechanistic and therapeutic role of NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2023. [PMID: 36802053 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, has emerged as the most common form of dementia in the elderly. Several pathological hallmarks have been identified, including neuroinflammation. A comprehensive insight into the underlying mechanisms that can fuel the development of novel therapeutic approaches is necessary because of the alarmingly rapid increase in the frequency of incidence. Recently, NLRP3 inflammasome was identified as a critical mediator of neuroinflammation. Activation of nucleotide-binding domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome by amyloid, neurofibrillary tangles, impaired autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress, triggers the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18. Subsequently, these cytokines can promote neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. It is well established that genetic or pharmacological ablation of NLRP3 alleviates AD-related pathological features in in vitro and in vivo models. Therefore, several synthetic and natural compounds have been identified that exhibit the potential to inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome and alleviate AD-associated pathology. The current review article will highlight the various mechanisms by which activation of NLRP3 inflammation occurs during Alzheimer's disease, and how it influences neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. Moreover, we will summarise the different small molecules that possess the potential to inhibit NLRP3 and can pave the path for developing novel therapeutic interventions for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanshree Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM School of Sciences, GITAM (Deemed to be) University, Vishakhapatnam, India
| | - Erik N T P Bakker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Location University of Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Neuroscience Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM School of Sciences, GITAM (Deemed to be) University, Vishakhapatnam, India.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Location University of Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Neuroscience Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Chronic Microcystin-LR-Induced α-Synuclein Promotes Neuroinflammation Through Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Microglia. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:884-900. [PMID: 36385231 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03134-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) has been confirmed to cause blood-brain barrier disruption and enter the brain tissue, resulting in non-negligible toxic effects. However, the neurotoxicity of MC-LR is mainly unknown. This study revealed that MC-LR disrupted the function of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in neurons, which inhibited the degradation of α-synuclein (α-syn), leading to its release from neurons for transport into microglia. α-Syn is the main component of Lewy bodies, which has been identified as one of the main pathological features of Parkinson's disease (PD). In vitro, we observed that α-syn mediated by MC-LR activated HMC3 cells and polarized them towards M1 type. In addition, we confirmed that α-syn was transported into HMC3 cells through TLR4 receptors and activated the NLRP3 inflammasome, which in turn enhanced the maturation and release of IL-18 and IL-1β. In the mouse models of chronic MC-LR exposure, a large number of inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) were deposited in brain tissue, and activation of NLRP3 in microglia was also observed in the midbrain. Collectively, MC-LR exposure promoted the pathological spread of α-syn from cell to cell, activated NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia, and generated neuroinflammation, in which the TLR4 receptor played a substantial effect.
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Is S100B Involved in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)? Comparisons with Controls and Changes Following a Triple Therapy Containing Methylphenidate, Melatonin and ω-3 PUFAs. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030712. [PMID: 36771418 PMCID: PMC9919946 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence supports a neuroinflammatory basis in ADHD damaging glial function and thereby altering dopaminergic (DA) neurotransmission. Previous studies focusing on the S100B protein as a marker of glial function have shown contradictory results. We conducted a clinical trial to investigate differences in S100B levels between ADHD patients and controls, as well as observe gradual changes in S100B concentrations after a triple therapy (TT) containing methylphenidate (MPH), melatonin (aMT) and omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs). METHODS 62 medication-naïve children with ADHD (ADHD-G) and 65 healthy controls (C-G) were recruited. Serum S100B was measured at baseline (T0) in ADHD-G/C-G, and three (T3) and six months (T6) after starting TT in the ADHD-G, together with attention scores. RESULTS A significant increase in S100B was observed in the ADHD-G vs. C-G. In the ADHD-G, significantly higher S100B values were observed for comparisons between T0-T3 and between T0-T6, accompanied by a significant improvement in attention scores for the same timepoint comparisons. No significant differences were found for S100B between T3-T6. CONCLUSION Our results agree with the hypothesis of glial damage in ADHD. Further studies on the link between DA and S100B are required to explain the transient increase in S100B following TT.
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Zhang S, Liu H, Du X, Chen X, Petlulu P, Tian Z, Shi L, Zhang B, Yuan S, Guo X, Wang Y, Guo H, Zhang H. A new identity of microcystins: Environmental endocrine disruptors? An evidence-based review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158262. [PMID: 36029820 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are widely distributed cyanobacterial toxins in eutrophic waters. At present, the endocrine-disrupting effects of MCs have been extensively studied, but whether MCs can be classified as environmental endocrine disruptors (EDCs) is still unclear. This review is aimed to evaluate the rationality for MCs as to be classified as EDCs based on the available evidence. It has been identified that MCs meet eight of ten key characteristics of chemicals that can be classified as EDCs. MCs interfere with the six processes, including synthesis, release, circulation, metabolism, binding and action of natural hormones in the body. Also, they are fit two other characteristics of EDC: altering the fate of producing/responding cells and epigenetic modification. Further evidence indicates that the endocrine-disrupting effect of MCs may be an important cause of adverse health outcomes such as metabolic disorders, reproductive disorders and effects on the growth and development of offspring. Generally, MCs have endocrine-disrupting properties, suggesting that it is reasonable for them to be considered EDCs. This is of great importance in understanding and evaluating the harm done by MCs on humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Quality Control Department, Ninth Hospital of Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Haohao Liu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xingde Du
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xinghai Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, St Mary's University, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Zhihui Tian
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Linjia Shi
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bingyu Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shumeng Yuan
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xing Guo
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yongshui Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hongxiang Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Zhou Z, Zeng J, Yu S, Zhao Y, Yang X, Zhou Y, Liang Q. Neurofilament light chain and S100B serum levels are associated with disease severity and outcome in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Front Neurol 2022; 13:956043. [PMID: 35989914 PMCID: PMC9381989 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.956043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesSerum neurofilament light chain (NfL) is a biomarker for neuroaxonal damage, and S100B is a blood marker for cerebral damage. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between serum NfL and S100B levels, severity, and outcomes in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH).MethodsWe prospectively recruited aSAH patients and healthy controls between January 2016 and January 2021. Clinical results included mortality and poor outcomes (modified Rankin scale score of 3-6) after 6 months. The ultrasensitive Simoa technique was used to evaluate NfL levels in the blood, and ELISA was used to detect S100B.ResultsA total of 91 patients and 25 healthy controls were included in the study, with a death rate of 15.4%. The group of aSAH patients had significantly higher serum levels of NfL and S100B (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the levels of NfL and S100B increased when the Hunt-Hess, World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS), and Fisher grades increased (P < 0.01). Serum NfL and S100B levels were linked to poor prognoses and low survival rates. The blood levels of NfL and S100B were found to be an independent predictor related to 6-month mortality in multivariable analysis. Additionally, the areas under the curves for NfL and S100B levels in serum were 0.959 and 0.912, respectively; the clinical diagnostic critical thresholds were 14.275 and 26.54 pg/ml, respectively; sensitivities were 0.947 and 0.921, and specificities were 0.849 and 0.811.ConclusionsThe NfL and S100B values for aSAH patients within 12 days of admission were considerably associated with Hunt-Hess grade, WFNS, and Fisher grade. The higher the grade, the higher the NfL and S100B value, and the poorer the prognosis. Serum NfL and S100B values could be feasible biomarkers to predict the clinical prognosis of patients with aSAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangming Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dujiangyan Medical Center, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Zhangming Zhou
| | - Junyi Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dujiangyan Medical Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Shui Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dujiangyan Medical Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xiaoyi Yang
- Department of Medicine, First Clinical School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiren Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu 3rd People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingle Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Qingle Liang
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12
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Saha P, Bose D, Stebliankin V, Cickovski T, Seth RK, Porter DE, Brooks BW, Mathee K, Narasimhan G, Colwell R, Scott GI, Chatterjee S. Prior exposure to microcystin alters host gut resistome and is associated with dysregulated immune homeostasis in translatable mouse models. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11516. [PMID: 35799048 PMCID: PMC9262933 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15708-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A strong association between exposure to the common harmful algal bloom toxin microcystin and the altered host gut microbiome has been shown. We tested the hypothesis that prior exposure to the cyanotoxin microcystin-LR may alter the host resistome. We show that the mice exposed to microcystin-LR had an altered microbiome signature that harbored antibiotic resistance genes. Host resistome genotypes such as mefA, msrD, mel, ant6, and tet40 increased in diversity and relative abundance following microcystin-LR exposure. Interestingly, the increased abundance of these genes was traced to resistance to common antibiotics such as tetracycline, macrolides, glycopeptide, and aminoglycosides, crucial for modern-day treatment of several diseases. Increased abundance of these genes was positively associated with increased expression of PD1, a T-cell homeostasis marker, and pleiotropic inflammatory cytokine IL-6 with a concomitant negative association with immunosurveillance markers IL-7 and TLR2. Microcystin-LR exposure also caused decreased TLR2, TLR4, and REG3G expressions, increased immunosenescence, and higher systemic levels of IL-6 in both wild-type and humanized mice. In conclusion, the results show a first-ever characterization of the host resistome following microcystin-LR exposure and its connection to host immune status and antimicrobial resistance that can be crucial to understand treatment options with antibiotics in microcystin-exposed subjects in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punnag Saha
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
- NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health and Climate Change Interactions, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
- Columbia VA Medical Center, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - Dipro Bose
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
- NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health and Climate Change Interactions, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
- Columbia VA Medical Center, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - Vitalii Stebliankin
- Knight Foundation School of Computing & Information Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Trevor Cickovski
- Knight Foundation School of Computing & Information Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Ratanesh K Seth
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
- Columbia VA Medical Center, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - Dwayne E Porter
- NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health and Climate Change Interactions, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Kalai Mathee
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Giri Narasimhan
- Knight Foundation School of Computing & Information Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Rita Colwell
- CosmosID Inc, Germantown, MD, 20874, USA
- University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Geoff I Scott
- NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health and Climate Change Interactions, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Saurabh Chatterjee
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
- NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health and Climate Change Interactions, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
- Columbia VA Medical Center, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA.
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13
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Williams BM, Cliff CL, Lee K, Squires PE, Hills CE. The Role of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Mediating Glomerular and Tubular Injury in Diabetic Nephropathy. Front Physiol 2022; 13:907504. [PMID: 35755447 PMCID: PMC9218738 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.907504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a multi-protein signalling complex integral to the chronic inflammatory response, activated in response to sterile and non-sterile cellular damage. The assembly and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome comprise a two-step process involving nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB)-mediated priming, followed by canonical, non-canonical or alternative signalling pathways. These result in the maturation and release of inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1 beta (IL1ß) and interleukin-18 (IL18), which are associated with chronic inflammatory conditions including diabetic kidney disease. Diabetic nephropathy is a condition affecting ∼40% of people with diabetes, the key underlying pathology of which is tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis. There is growing evidence to suggest the involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome in this chronic inflammation. Early deterioration of kidney function begins in the glomerulus, with tubular inflammation dictating the progression of late-stage disease. Priming and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome have been linked to several clinical markers of nephropathy including proteinuria and albuminuria, in addition to morphological changes including mesangial expansion. Treatment options for diabetic nephropathy are limited, and research that examines the impact of directly targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome, or associated downstream components are beginning to gain favour, with several agents currently in clinical trials. This review will explore a role for NLRP3 inflammasome activation and signalling in mediating inflammation in diabetic nephropathy, specifically in the glomerulus and proximal tubule, before briefly describing the current position of therapeutic research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Williams
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom
| | - C L Cliff
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom
| | - K Lee
- Lincoln County Hospital, Lincoln, United Kingdom
| | - P E Squires
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom
| | - C E Hills
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom
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