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Jia L, Yang Y, Sun F, Tao H, Lu C, Yang JJ. Mitochondrial quality control in liver fibrosis: Epigenetic hallmarks and therapeutic strategies. Cell Signal 2024; 115:111035. [PMID: 38182067 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Mitochondrial quality control (MQC) plays a significant role in the progression of liver fibrosis, with key processes such as mitochondrial fission, fusion, mitophagy and biogenesis maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying epigenetic regulation of mitochondrial quality control in liver fibrosis, with the aim of uncovering novel therapeutic targets for treating, mitigating, and potentially reversing liver fibrosis, in light of the most recent advances in this field. METHODS We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus for published manuscripts using terms "mitochondrial quality control" "mitochondrial fission" "mitochondrial fusion" "mitochondrial biogenesis" "mitophagy" "liver fibrosis" "epigenetic regulation" "DNA methylation" "RNA methylation" "histone modification" and "non-coding RNA". Manuscripts were collated, studied and carried forward for discussion where appropriate. RESULTS Mitochondrial fission, fusion, biogenesis, and mitophagy regulate the homeostasis of mitochondria, and the imbalance of mitochondrial homeostasis can induce liver fibrosis. Epigenetic regulation, including DNA methylation, RNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, plays a significant role in regulating the processes of mitochondrial homeostasis. CONCLUSION Mitochondrial quality control and epigenetic mechanisms are intricately linked to the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Understanding these molecular interactions provides insight into potential therapeutic strategies. Further research is necessary to translate these findings into clinical applications, with a focus on developing epigenetic drugs to ameliorate liver fibrosis by modulating MQC and epigenetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Suzhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Suzhou 215153, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Hui Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, PR China.
| | - Chao Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan 232001, China.
| | - Jing-Jing Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China.
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Liu Z, Qiang Y, Shan S, Wang S, Liu Z, Yang Y, Huang Z, Song M, Zhao X, Song F. Aberrant mitochondrial aggregation of TDP-43 activated mitochondrial unfolded protein response and contributed to recovery of acetaminophen induced acute liver injury. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfae008. [PMID: 38283824 PMCID: PMC10811519 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key pathological event in the acute liver injury following the overdose of acetaminophen (APAP). Calpain is the calcium-dependent protease, recent studies demonstrate that it is involved in the impairment of mitochondrial dynamics. The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is commonly activated in the context of mitochondrial damage following pathological insults and contributes to the maintenance of the mitochondrial quality control through regulating a wide range of gene expression. More importantly, it is reported that abnormal aggregation of TDP-43 in mitochondria induced the activation of UPRmt. However, whether it is involved in APAP induced-hepatotoxicity remains unclear. In the present study, C57/BL6 mice were given 300 mg/kg APAP to establish a time-course model of acute liver injury. Furthermore, Calpeptin, the specific inhibiter of calpains, was used to conduct the intervention experiment. Our results showed, APAP exposure produced severe liver injury. Moreover, TDP-43 was obviously accumulated within mitochondria whereas mitochondrial protease LonP1 was significantly decreased. However, these changes exhibited significant recovery at 48 h. By contrast, the mitochondrial protease ClpP and chaperone mtHSP70 and HSP60 were consistently increased, which supported the UPRmt was activated to promote protein homeostasis. Further investigation revealed that calpain-mediated cleavage of TDP-43 could promote the accumulation of TDP-43 in mitochondria compartment, thereby facilitating the activation of UPRmt. Additionally, Calpeptin pretreatment not only protected against APAP-induced liver injury, but also suppressed the formation of TDP-43 aggregates and the activation of UPRmt. Taken together, our findings indicated that in APAP-induced acute liver injury, calpain-mediated cleavage of TDP43 caused its aberrant aggregation on the mitochondria. As a stress-protective response, the induction of UPRmt contributed to the recovery of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxiong Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yalong Qiang
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Shulin Shan
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Zhidan Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yiyu Yang
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Zhengcheng Huang
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Mingxue Song
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xiulan Zhao
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Fuyong Song
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
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Shan S, Liu Z, Wang S, Liu Z, Chao S, Zhang C, Li M, Song F. Mitochondrial oxidative stress regulates LonP1-TDP-43 pathway and rises mitochondrial damage in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 264:115409. [PMID: 37647804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-mediated liver damage has been well recognized, but the sources and mechanisms of mitochondrial damage during this progress still remain poorly understood. Accumulating evidence has revealed that LonP1-TDP-43 pathway affect proper mitochondrial integrity and function in neurodegenerative diseases. The current study aims to investigate whether mitochondrial oxidative stress regulate LonP1-TDP-43 pathway and the possible roles of this pathway in CCl4-driven liver fibrosis. We found that TDP-43 interacted with LonP1 in chronic CCl4 exposure-induced hepatic fibrogenesis. Moreover, CCl4 led to deficiency of LonP1 and excessive accumulation of TDP-43 on mitochondria. Particularly, the gene correlation analysis for liver fibrosis patients RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) results (GSE159676) showed an obvious negative correlation between LonP1 and TDP-43. By contrast, MitoQ enhanced the occurrence of mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR), especially the activation of LonP1 after CCl4 treatment. Importantly, mitochondrial antioxidant also promoted the degradation of TDP-43 and alleviated mitochondrial damage. In addition, our results showed that CCl4 induced the release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and effectively elevated cGAS-STING-mediated immune response, which can be inhibited by MitoQ. Finally, MitoQ prevented CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. Together, our study revealed that LonP1-TDP-43 pathway mediated by mitochondrial oxidative stress participated in the progress of CCl4-drived liver fibrosis. Therefore, mitigating or reversing mitochondrial damage through targeting LonP1-TDP-43 pathway may serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for CCl4 exposure-induced liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Shan
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Zhidan Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Zhaoxiong Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Shihua Chao
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Cuiqin Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Ming Li
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
| | - Fuyong Song
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
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Dong Y, Zhuang XX, Wang YT, Tan J, Feng D, Li M, Zhong Q, Song Z, Shen HM, Fang EF, Lu JH. Chemical mitophagy modulators: Drug development strategies and novel regulatory mechanisms. Pharmacol Res 2023; 194:106835. [PMID: 37348691 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis is a potential therapeutic strategy for various diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer. Selective degradation of mitochondria by autophagy (mitophagy) is a fundamental mitochondrial quality control mechanism conserved from yeast to humans. Indeed, small-molecule modulators of mitophagy are valuable pharmaceutical tools that can be used to dissect complex biological processes and turn them into potential drugs. In the past few years, pharmacological regulation of mitophagy has shown promising therapeutic efficacy in various disease models. However, with the increasing number of chemical mitophagy modulator studies, frequent methodological flaws can be observed, leading some studies to draw unreliable or misleading conclusions. This review attempts (a) to summarize the molecular mechanisms of mitophagy; (b) to propose a Mitophagy Modulator Characterization System (MMCS); (c) to perform a comprehensive analysis of methods used to characterize mitophagy modulators, covering publications over the past 20 years; (d) to provide novel targets for pharmacological intervention of mitophagy. We believe this review will provide a panorama of current research on chemical mitophagy modulators and promote the development of safe and robust mitophagy modulators with therapeutic potential by introducing high methodological standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macau
| | - Xu-Xu Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macau
| | - Yi-Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macau
| | - Jieqiong Tan
- Center for medical genetics, Central South University, Changsha 410031, Hunan, China
| | - Du Feng
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, College of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Li
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Qing Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhiyin Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Han-Ming Shen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, 999078, Macau
| | - Evandro F Fang
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Jia-Hong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macau.
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