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Ao LH, Wei YG, Tian HR, Zhao H, Li J, Ban JQ. Advances in the study of silica nanoparticles in lung diseases. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169352. [PMID: 38110102 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiNPs) are one of the major forms of silicon dioxide and are composed of the most-abundant compounds on earth. Based on their excellent properties, SiNPs are widely used in food production, synthetic processes, medical diagnostics, drug delivery, and other fields. The mass production and wide application of SiNPs increases the risk of human exposure to SiNPs. In the workplace and environment, SiNPs mainly enter the human body through the respiratory tract and reach the lungs; therefore, the lungs are the most important and most toxicologically affected target organ of SiNPs. An increasing number of studies have shown that SiNP exposure can cause severe lung toxicity. However, studies on the toxicity of SiNPs in ex vivo and in vivo settings are still in the exploratory phase. The molecular mechanisms underlying the lung toxicity of SiNPs are varied and not yet fully understood. As a result, this review summarizes the possible mechanisms of SiNP-induced lung toxicity, such as oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial damage, and cell death. Moreover, this study provides a summary of the progression of diseases caused by SiNPs, thereby establishing a theoretical basis for future studies on the mechanisms of SiNP-induced lung toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hong Ao
- School of Public Heath, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Yun-Geng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Ru Tian
- School of Public Heath, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- School of Public Heath, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Public Heath, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Jia-Qi Ban
- School of Public Heath, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.
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Feng X, Shi Y, Zhang Y, Lei F, Ren R, Tang X. Opportunities and Challenges for Inhalable Nanomedicine Formulations in Respiratory Diseases: A Review. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:1509-1538. [PMID: 38384321 PMCID: PMC10880554 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s446919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Lungs experience frequent interactions with the external environment and have an abundant supply of blood; therefore, they are susceptible to invasion by pathogenic microorganisms and tumor cells. However, the limited pharmacokinetics of conventional drugs in the lungs poses a clinical challenge. The emergence of different nano-formulations has been facilitated by advancements in nanotechnology. Inhaled nanomedicines exhibit better targeting and prolonged therapeutic effects. Although nano-formulations have great potential, they still present several unknown risks. Herein, we review the (1) physiological anatomy of the lungs and their biological barriers, (2) pharmacokinetics and toxicology of nanomaterial formulations in the lungs; (3) current nanomaterials that can be applied to the respiratory system and related design strategies, and (4) current applications of inhaled nanomaterials in treating respiratory disorders, vaccine design, and imaging detection based on the characteristics of different nanomaterials. Finally, (5) we analyze and summarize the challenges and prospects of nanomaterials for respiratory disease applications. We believe that nanomaterials, particularly inhaled nano-formulations, have excellent prospects for application in respiratory diseases. However, we emphasize that the simultaneous toxic side effects of biological nanomaterials must be considered during the application of these emerging medicines. This study aims to offer comprehensive guidelines and valuable insights for conducting research on nanomaterials in the domain of the respiratory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujun Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sleep Medicine Center, Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sleep Medicine Center, Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sleep Medicine Center, Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Lei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sleep Medicine Center, Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Ren
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sleep Medicine Center, Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangdong Tang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sleep Medicine Center, Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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