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Kalita SJ, Pawar SD, Vernekar P, Pawar MA, Veena KS, Mishra KMA, Sethi KK, Radhakrishnanand P, Murty US, Sahu PL, Dubey S, Sahu K, Upadhyay A, Kori RK, Kumar P. Synthesis and characterization of octopamine sulfate, norfenefrine sulfate and etilefrine sulfate reference materials for doping control. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 98:2318-2329. [DOI: 10.1002/jctb.7458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
AbstractBACKGROUNDDoping is the use of prohibited substances by athletes to improve their performance. World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA)‐accredited laboratories require various metabolite reference standards of the prohibited chemical substances or drugs for routine quality control. Therefore, it was proposed to develop efficient synthetic methodologies for highly pure reference materials of Phase II metabolites of octopamine, norfenefrine and etilefrine, which are prohibited in sports by WADA under the S6 stimulant category. The reference materials were characterized using various analytical techniques. New high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode‐array detection (HPLC‐DAD) methods were developed for purity assessment.RESULTSThe synthesized Phase II metabolite reference standards, i.e. octopamine sulfate, norfenefrine sulfate and etilefrine sulfate, were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, liquid chromatography–high‐resolution mass spectrometry (LC‐HRMS), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared and thermogravimetric analysis. In the LC‐HRMS study, the mass error value of synthesized compounds was less than 10 ppm (error) which confirms the identity of the reference materials. New HPLC‐DAD method were developed to ensure the purity of the reference materials. We used the HILIC column as metabolite reference standards are highly polar. The mobile phase was composed of water and acetonitrile in fixed composition. The HPLC‐DAD purity of the developed reference materials was observed as 100%.CONCLUSIONWe have developed reproducible synthetic routes for octopamine sulfate, norfenefrine sulfate and etilefrine sulfate, which are prohibited in sports by WADA. The synthesized metabolites were characterized using different advanced analytical techniques. These reference standards will be helpful to all WADA‐accredited laboratories in routine anti‐doping testing. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Subarna Jyoti Kalita
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati India
| | - Sachin Dattram Pawar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati India
| | - Prachi Vernekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati India
| | - Mayur Arun Pawar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati India
| | - KS Veena
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati India
| | - KM Abha Mishra
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati India
| | - Kalyan Kumar Sethi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati India
| | - P. Radhakrishnanand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati India
| | - Upadhyayula Suryanarayana Murty
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati India
| | - Puran lal Sahu
- National Dope Testing Laboratory (NDTL) JLN Stadium Complex New Delhi India
| | - Sachin Dubey
- National Dope Testing Laboratory (NDTL) JLN Stadium Complex New Delhi India
| | - Kapendra Sahu
- National Dope Testing Laboratory (NDTL) JLN Stadium Complex New Delhi India
| | - Awanish Upadhyay
- National Dope Testing Laboratory (NDTL) JLN Stadium Complex New Delhi India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Kori
- National Dope Testing Laboratory (NDTL) JLN Stadium Complex New Delhi India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati India
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