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Ajisebiola BS, Oladele JO, Adeyi AO. Kaempferol from Moringa oleifera demonstrated potent antivenom activities via inhibition of metalloproteinase and attenuation of Bitis arietans venom-induced toxicities. Toxicon 2023; 233:107242. [PMID: 37558138 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Bitis arietans venom (BAV) can induce severe pathophysiological disorders after envenoming. However, studies have shown that the Moringa oleifera fraction is effective against BAV toxicities and contains bioactive compounds with significant antivenom potency. This research aimed to identify the main active antivenom compound in the M. oleifera fraction responsible for neutralizing the toxicities induced by BAV. The compounds identified from M. oleifera fraction were docked in silico against the catalytic site of the Snake Venom Metalloproteinase (SVMP) to determine the lead inhibitor compound. The antivenom potency of the lead inhibitor compound was tested against BAV toxicities and metalloproteinase isolated from BAV using in vitro and in vivo methods, while EchiTab-Plus polyvalent antivenom served as a standard drug. The in silico prediction revealed kaempferol as the lead inhibitor compound with a docking score of -7.0 kcal/mol. Kaempferol effectively inhibited metalloproteinase activity at 0.2 mg/ml, compared to antivenom (0.4 mg/ml) and demonstrated significant antihaemorrhagic, antihaemolytic and coagulant effects against BAV activities. Furthermore, kaempferol showed a significant dose-dependent effect on altered haematological indices observed in rats challenged with LD50 of BAV. Envenomed rats also showed an increase in oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant enzyme activity in the heart and kidney. However, treatment with kaempferol significantly (P < 0.05) decreased malondialdehyde levels and SOD activity with concomitant enhancement of glutathione levels. Severe histopathological defects noticed in the organ tissues of envenomed rats were ameliorated after kaempferol treatment. Kaempferol is identified as the main active antivenom compound in M. oleifera, and this research highlights the potential of the compound as an effective alternative to snakebite treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babafemi Siji Ajisebiola
- Department of Zoology, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria; Animal Physiology Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Srimathi R, Sabareesh V, Gurunathan J. Naringenin isolated from Citrus reticulata blanco fruit peel inhibits the toxicity of snake venom proteins - An in vitro and in vivo study. Toxicon 2022; 220:106943. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.106943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Yusuf AJ, Aleku GA, Bello UR, Liman DU. Prospects and Challenges of Developing Plant-Derived Snake Antivenin Natural Products: A Focus on West Africa. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:3635-3648. [PMID: 34585514 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Snakebite envenomation (SBE) is an important public health issue that is now receiving renewed attention following its reclassification as a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD). Most incidences occur in rural areas of resource-limited countries, as such, timely and appropriate medical care for SBE is often inaccessible. The administration of anti-snake venom serum (ASV) is the only effective definitive treatment of SBE, but treatment failure to available ASVs is not uncommon. Emerging evidence highlights the potential of small-molecule compounds as inhibitors against toxins of snake venom. This presents an encouraging prospect to develop an alternative therapeutic option for the treatment SBE, that may be amenable for use at the point of care in resource-constraint settings. In view of the pivotal role of natural products in modern drug discovery programmes, there is considerable interest in ethno-pharmacological mining of medicinal plants and plant-derived medicinal compounds toward developing novel snake venom-neutralising therapeutics. In this review, we compile a collection of medicinal plants used in the treatment of SBE in West Africa and highlight their promise as potential botanical drugs or as sources of novel small-molecule compounds for the treatment of SBE. The challenges that must be surmounted to bring this to fruition including the need for (sub) regional collaboration have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina J Yusuf
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Godwin A Aleku
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Usman Rabiu Bello
- Biotechnology unit, Department of Life Sciences, Mewar University, Gangrar, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India
| | - Dahiru Umar Liman
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
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Vazquez-Morado LE, Robles-Zepeda RE, Ochoa-Leyva A, Arvizu-Flores AA, Garibay-Escobar A, Castillo-Yañez F, Lopez-Zavala AA. Biochemical characterization and inhibition of thermolabile hemolysin from Vibrio parahaemolyticus by phenolic compounds. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10506. [PMID: 33505784 PMCID: PMC7796666 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp), a typical microorganism inhabiting marine ecosystems, uses pathogenic virulence molecules such as hemolysins to cause bacterial infections of both human and marine animals. The thermolabile hemolysin VpTLH lyses human erythrocytes by a phospholipase B/A2 enzymatic activity in egg-yolk lecithin. However, few studies have been characterized the biochemical properties and the use of VpTLH as a molecular target for natural compounds as an alternative to control Vp infection. Here, we evaluated the biochemical and inhibition parameters of the recombinant VpTLH using enzymatic and hemolytic assays and determined the molecular interactions by in silico docking analysis. The highest enzymatic activity was at pH 8 and 50 °C, and it was inactivated by 20 min at 60 °C with Tm = 50.9 °C. Additionally, the flavonoids quercetin, epigallocatechin gallate, and morin inhibited the VpTLH activity with IC50 values of 4.5 µM, 6.3 µM, and 9.9 µM, respectively; while phenolics acids were not effective inhibitors for this enzyme. Boltzmann and Arrhenius equation analysis indicate that VpTLH is a thermolabile enzyme. The inhibition of both enzymatic and hemolytic activities by flavonoids agrees with molecular docking, suggesting that flavonoids could interact with the active site’s amino acids. Future research is necessary to evaluate the antibacterial activity of flavonoids against Vp in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E Vazquez-Morado
- Departamento de Ciencias Quimico Biologicas, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.,Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Ramon E Robles-Zepeda
- Departamento de Ciencias Quimico Biologicas, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Adrian Ochoa-Leyva
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Aldo A Arvizu-Flores
- Departamento de Ciencias Quimico Biologicas, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Adriana Garibay-Escobar
- Departamento de Ciencias Quimico Biologicas, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | | | - Alonso A Lopez-Zavala
- Departamento de Ciencias Quimico Biologicas, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
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Silvestrini AVP, de Macedo LH, de Andrade TAM, Mendes MF, Pigoso AA, Mazzi MV. Intradermal Application of Crotamine Induces Inflammatory and Immunological Changes In Vivo. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11010039. [PMID: 30646542 PMCID: PMC6357061 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Crotamine is a single-chain polypeptide with cell-penetrating properties, which is considered a promising molecule for clinical use. Nevertheless, its biosafety data are still scarce. Herein, we assessed the in vivo proinflammatory properties of crotamine, including its local effect and systemic serum parameters. Sixty male Wistar rats were intradermically injected with 200, 400 and 800 µg crotamine and analyzed after 1, 3 and 7 days. Local effect of crotamine was assessed by determination of MPO and NAG activities, NO levels and angiogenesis. Systemic inflammatory response was assessed by determination of IL-10, TNF-α, CRP, NO, TBARS and SH groups. Crotamine induced macrophages and neutrophils chemotaxis as evidenced by the upregulation of both NAG (0.5–0.6 OD/mg) and MPO (0.1–0.2 OD/mg) activities, on the first and third day of analysis, respectively. High levels of NO were observed for all concentrations and time-points. Moreover, 800 μg crotamine resulted in serum NO (64.7 μM) and local tissue NO (58.5 μM) levels higher or equivalent to those recorded for their respective histamine controls (55.7 μM and 59.0 μM). Crotamine also induced a significant angiogenic response compared to histamine. Systemically, crotamine induced a progressive increase in serum CRP levels up to the third day of analysis (22.4–45.8 mg/mL), which was significantly greater than control values. Crotamine (400 μg) also caused an increase in serum TNF-α, in the first day of analysis (1095.4 pg/mL), however a significant increase in IL-10 (122.2 pg/mL) was also recorded for the same time-point, suggesting the induction of an anti-inflammatory effect. Finally, crotamine changed the systemic redox state by inducing gradual increase in serum levels of TBARS (1.0–1.8 μM/mL) and decrease in SH levels (124.7–19.5 μM/mL) throughout the experimental period of analysis. In summary, rats intradermally injected with crotamine presented local and systemic acute inflammatory responses similarly to histamine, which limits crotamine therapeutic use on its original form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Vitória Pupo Silvestrini
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, CEP 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luana Henrique de Macedo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, CEP 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Antônio Moretti de Andrade
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences Hermínio Ometto University Center, FHO-UNIARARAS, Av. Dr. Maximiliano Baruto, 500, CEP 13607-339 Araras, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maíra Felonato Mendes
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences Hermínio Ometto University Center, FHO-UNIARARAS, Av. Dr. Maximiliano Baruto, 500, CEP 13607-339 Araras, SP, Brazil.
| | - Acácio Antônio Pigoso
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences Hermínio Ometto University Center, FHO-UNIARARAS, Av. Dr. Maximiliano Baruto, 500, CEP 13607-339 Araras, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maurício Ventura Mazzi
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences Hermínio Ometto University Center, FHO-UNIARARAS, Av. Dr. Maximiliano Baruto, 500, CEP 13607-339 Araras, SP, Brazil.
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Carvalho LHD, Teixeira LF, Zaqueo KD, Bastos JF, Nery NM, Setúbal SS, Pontes AS, Butzke D, Cavalcante W, Gallacci M, Fernandes CFC, Stabeli RG, Soares AM, Zuliani JP. Local and systemic effects caused by Crotalus durissus terrificus, Crotalus durissus collilineatus, and Crotalus durissus cascavella snake venoms in swiss mice. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2019; 52:e20180526. [DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0526-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kayena Delaix Zaqueo
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Brazil; Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Diana Butzke
- Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Brazil; Centro Universitário São Lucas, Brasil
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Muller SP, Silva VAO, Silvestrini AVP, de Macedo LH, Caetano GF, Reis RM, Mazzi MV. Crotoxin from Crotalus durissus terrificus venom: In vitro cytotoxic activity of a heterodimeric phospholipase A2 on human cancer-derived cell lines. Toxicon 2018; 156:13-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.10.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Oliveira Neto JD, Silveira JADM, Serra DS, Viana DDA, Borges-Nojosa DM, Sampaio CMS, Monteiro HSA, Cavalcante FSÁ, Evangelista JSAM. Pulmonary mechanic and lung histology induced by Crotalus durissus cascavella snake venom. Toxicon 2017; 137:144-149. [PMID: 28760509 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study have analyzed the pulmonary function in an experimental model of acute lung injury, induced by the Crotalus durissus cascavella venom (C. d. cascavella) (3.0 μg/kg - i.p), in pulmonary mechanic and histology at 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h after inoculation. The C. d. cascavella venom led to an increase in Newtonian Resistance (RN), Tissue Resistance (G) and Tissue Elastance (H) in all groups when compared to the control, particularly at 12 h and 24 h. The Histeresivity (η) increased 6 h, 12 h and 24 h after inoculation. There was a decrease in Static Compliance (CST) at 6 h, 12 h and 24 h and inspiratory capacity (IC) at 3 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h. C. d. cascavella venom showed significant morphological changes such as atelectasis, emphysema, hemorrhage, polymorphonuclear inflammatory infiltrate, edema and congestion. After a challenge with methacholine (MCh), RN demonstrated significant changes at 6, 12 and 24 h. This venom caused mechanical and histopathological changes in the lung tissue; however, its mechanisms of action need further studies in order to better elucidate the morphofunctional lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joselito de Oliveira Neto
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | | | - Daniel Silveira Serra
- Postgraduate Program in Physics, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Daniel de Araújo Viana
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Helena Serra Azul Monteiro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Arriagada F, Correa O, Günther G, Nonell S, Mura F, Olea-Azar C, Morales J. Morin Flavonoid Adsorbed on Mesoporous Silica, a Novel Antioxidant Nanomaterial. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164507. [PMID: 27812111 PMCID: PMC5094702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Morin (2´,3, 4´,5,7-pentahydroxyflavone) is a flavonoid with several beneficial health effects. However, its poor water solubility and it sensitivity to several environmental factors avoid its use in applications like pharmaceutical and cosmetic. In this work, we synthetized morin-modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles (AMSNPs-MOR) as useful material to be used as potential nanoantioxidant. To achieve this, we characterized its adsorption kinetics, isotherm and the antioxidant capacity as hydroxyl radical (HO•) scavenger and singlet oxygen (1O2) quencher. The experimental data could be well fitted with Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models, besides the pseudo-second order kinetics model. The total quenching rate constant obtained for singlet oxygen deactivation by AMSNPs-MOR was one order of magnitude lower than the morin rate constant reported previously in neat solvents and lipid membranes. The AMSNPs-MOR have good antioxidant properties by itself and exhibit a synergic effect with morin on the antioxidant property against hydroxyl radical. This effect, in the range of concentrations studied, was increased when the amount of morin adsorbed increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Arriagada
- Departamento de Ciencias y Tecnología Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Sergio Livingstone, 1007, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Olosmira Correa
- Departamento de Ciencias y Tecnología Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Sergio Livingstone, 1007, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Germán Günther
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Sergio Livingstone, 1007, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Santi Nonell
- Institut Químic de Sarriá (IQS), University Ramón Llull, Via Augusta, 390, 08017, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Mura
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Sergio Livingstone, 1007, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Olea-Azar
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Sergio Livingstone, 1007, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier Morales
- Departamento de Ciencias y Tecnología Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Sergio Livingstone, 1007, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
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Inhibitory effect of pinostrobin from Renealmia alpinia, on the enzymatic and biological activities of a PLA2. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 89:35-42. [PMID: 27109758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pinostrobin is a flavanone isolated from Renealmia alpinia, a plant used in folk medicine to treat snakebites. We tested the inhibitory ability of pinostrobin on the enzymatic, anticoagulant, myotoxic and edema-inducing activities of a PLA2 isolated from Crotalus durissus cumanensis venom. The compound displayed IC50 values of 1.76mM and 1.85mM (95% Confidence intervals: 1.34-2.18 and 1.21-2.45) on the PLA2 enzymatic activity, when either aggregated or monodispersed substrates were used, respectively. When mice were injected with PLA2 preincubated with 0.4, 2.0 and 4.0mM of pinostrobin, myotoxic activity induced by the PLA2 was inhibited up to 87%. Nevertheless, these values decreased up to 56% when the pinostrobin was injected into muscle after PLA2. Pinostrobin inhibited edema-forming and anticoagulant activities of the PLA2. In order to have insights on the mode of action of pinostrobin, intrinsic fluorescence and ultraviolet studies were performed. Results suggest that pinostrobin interacts directly with the PLA2. These findings were supported by molecular docking results, which suggested that pinostrobin forms hydrogen bonds with residues His48 and Asp49 of PLA2, besides, a π-π stacking interactions with those of residues Phe5 and Trp31, and rings C of flavanone and Tyr52 of the toxin.
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Li CM, Zhang Y, Yang J, Zou B, Dong XQ, Hagerman AE. The interaction of a polymeric persimmon proanthocyanidin fraction with Chinese cobra PLA2 and BSA. Toxicon 2013; 67:71-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Wang F, Huang W, Miao X, Tang B. Characterization and analytical application of Morin - bovine serum albumin system by spectroscopic approaches. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 99:373-378. [PMID: 23031639 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.08.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
It is found that the fluorescence intensity of Morin can be strongly quenched by proteins. Based on this, a new fluorimetric method for the determination of protein was developed. Under optimum conditions, the quenchment of Morin fluorescence was in proportion to the concentration of proteins in the range 0.0001-0.1000 g·L(-1) for bovine serum albumin (BSA) and 0.0005-0.1000 g·L(-1) for human serum albumin (HSA). The reaction mechanism indicates that proteins can bind with Morin at the 3-hydroxyl and the 4-carbonyl and form a non-fluorescence complex 4:1 molar ratio of Morin/BSA, which results in the fluorescence of Morin and BSA are all quenched.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, PR China.
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Ximenes RM, Alves RS, Pereira TP, Araújo RM, Silveira ER, Rabello MM, Hernandes MZ, Soares VCG, Bristot D, Pires CL, Toyama DO, Gaeta HH, Monteiro HSA, Toyama MH. Harpalycin 2 inhibits the enzymatic and platelet aggregation activities of PrTX-III, a D49 phospholipase A2 from Bothrops pirajai venom. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 12:139. [PMID: 22925825 PMCID: PMC3520877 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Harpalycin 2 (HP-2) is an isoflavone isolated from the leaves of Harpalyce brasiliana Benth., a snakeroot found in northeast region of Brazil and used in folk medicine to treat snakebite. Its leaves are said to be anti-inflammatory. Secretory phospholipases A2 are important toxins found in snake venom and are structurally related to those found in inflammatory conditions in mammals, as in arthritis and atherosclerosis, and for this reason can be valuable tools for searching new anti-phospholipase A2 drugs. Methods HP-2 and piratoxin-III (PrTX-III) were purified through chromatographic techniques. The effect of HP-2 in the enzymatic activity of PrTX-III was carried out using 4-nitro-3-octanoyloxy-benzoic acid as the substrate. PrTX-III induced platelet aggregation was inhibited by HP-2 when compared to aristolochic acid and p-bromophenacyl bromide (p-BPB). In an attempt to elucidate how HP-2 interacts with PrTX-III, mass spectrometry, circular dichroism and intrinsic fluorescence analysis were performed. Docking scores of the ligands (HP-2, aristolochic acid and p-BPB) using PrTX-III as target were also calculated. Results HP-2 inhibited the enzymatic activity of PrTX-III (IC50 11.34 ± 0.28 μg/mL) although it did not form a stable chemical complex in the active site, since mass spectrometry measurements showed no difference between native (13,837.34 Da) and HP-2 treated PrTX-III (13,856.12 Da). A structural analysis of PrTX-III after treatment with HP-2 showed a decrease in dimerization and a slight protein unfolding. In the platelet aggregation assay, HP-2 previously incubated with PrTX-III inhibited the aggregation when compared with untreated protein. PrTX-III chemical treated with aristolochic acid and p-BPB, two standard PLA2 inhibitors, showed low inhibitory effects when compared with the HP-2 treatment. Docking scores corroborated these results, showing higher affinity of HP-2 for the PrTX-III target (PDB code: 1GMZ) than aristolochic acid and p-BPB. HP-2 previous incubated with the platelets inhibits the aggregation induced by untreated PrTX-III as well as arachidonic acid. Conclusion HP-2 changes the structure of PrTX-III, inhibiting the enzymatic activity of this enzyme. In addition, PrTX-III platelet aggregant activity was inhibited by treatment with HP-2, p-BPB and aristolochic acid, and these results were corroborated by docking scores.
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Inhibition of Neurotoxic Secretory Phospholipases A(2) Enzymatic, Edematogenic, and Myotoxic Activities by Harpalycin 2, an Isoflavone Isolated from Harpalyce brasiliana Benth. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:987517. [PMID: 22899963 PMCID: PMC3415135 DOI: 10.1155/2012/987517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Secretory phospholipases A2 (sPLA2) exert proinflammatory actions through lipid mediators. These enzymes have been found to be elevated in many inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, sepsis, and atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of harpalycin 2 (Har2), an isoflavone isolated from Harpalyce brasiliana Benth., in the enzymatic, edematogenic, and myotoxic activities of sPLA2 from Bothrops pirajai, Crotalus durissus terrificus, Apis mellifera, and Naja naja venoms. Har2 inhibits all sPLA2 tested. PrTX-III (B. pirajai venom) was inhibited at about 58.7%, Cdt F15 (C. d. terrificus venom) at 78.8%, Apis (from bee venom) at 87.7%, and Naja (N. naja venom) at 88.1%. Edema induced by exogenous sPLA2 administration performed in mice paws showed significant inhibition by Har2 at the initial step. In addition, Har2 also inhibited the myotoxic activity of these sPLA2s. In order to understand how Har2 interacts with these enzymes, docking calculations were made, indicating that the residues His48 and Asp49 in the active site of these enzymes interacted powerfully with Har2 through hydrogen bonds. These data pointed to a possible anti-inflammatory activity of Har2 through sPLA2 inhibition.
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Evaluación del efecto inhibitorio del veneno de Bothrops asper (mapaná), por los extractos obtenidos de hojas de Renealmia alpinia Rottb. Maas (Zingiberaceae), una especie botánica con propiedades antiofídicas y analgésicas. BIOMEDICA 2012. [DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v32i3.591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zalewski CA, Passero LFD, Melo ASRB, Corbett CEP, Laurenti MD, Toyama MH, Toyama DO, Romoff P, Fávero OA, Lago JHG. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of derivatives from aerial parts of Baccharis uncinella. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2011; 49:602-607. [PMID: 21554002 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2010.537828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Species of Baccharis exhibit antibiotic, antiseptic, and wound-healing properties, and have been used in the traditional medicine of South America for the treatment of inflammation, headaches, diabetes, and hepatobiliary disorders. OBJECTIVE To investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of organic phases from EtOH extract of the aerial parts of Baccharis uncinella DC (Asteraceae). MATERIALS AND METHODS The crude EtOH extract from the aerial parts of B. uncinella was subjected to partition procedures and the corresponding CH(2)Cl(2) and EtOAc phases were subjected to several chromatographic separation procedures. Thus, these phases and their purified compounds were assayed for evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity. RESULTS The CH(2)Cl(2) phase from EtOH extract from B. uncinella contained two triterpenoids (oleanolic and ursolic acids) and one flavonoid (pectolinaringenin), whereas the respective EtOAc phase showed to be composed mainly by two phenylpropanoid derivatives (caffeic and ferulic acids). The CH(2)Cl(2) and EtOAc phases as well as their isolated compounds exhibited anti-inflammatory effects against inflammatory reactions induced by phospholipase A2 (from Crotalus durissus terrificus venom) and by carrageenan. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The results suggested that the components obtained from partition phases of EtOH extract of B. uncinella could represent lead molecules for the development of anti-inflammatory agents. Additionally, the results confirmed the use of Baccharis genus in the traditional medicine of South America for the treatment of inflammation and other heath disorders. To date, the present work describes for the first time the anti-inflammatory effects of compounds isolated from B. uncinella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A Zalewski
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
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Toyama DDO, Diz Filho EBDS, Cavada BS, da Rocha BAM, de Oliveira SCB, Cotrim CA, Soares VCG, Delatorre P, Marangoni S, Toyama MH. Umbelliferone induces changes in the structure and pharmacological activities of Bn IV, a phospholipase A2 isoform isolated from Bothrops neuwiedi. Toxicon 2011; 57:851-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Revised: 02/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Toyama MH, Toyama DO, Torres VM, Pontes GC, Farias WRL, Melo FR, Oliveira SCB, Fagundes FHR, Diz Filho EBS, Cavada BS. Effects of low molecular weight sulfated galactan fragments from Botryocladia occidentalis on the pharmacological and enzymatic activity of sPLA2 from Crotalus durissus cascavella. Protein J 2011; 29:567-71. [PMID: 21061146 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-010-9294-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Low molecular weight fragments of sulfated galactans (Boc-5 and Boc-10) from the red algae Botryocladia occidentalis significantly inhibited Crotalus durissus cascavella sPLA2 enzymatic activity. Equimolar ratios of sPLA2 to Boc-5 or Boc-10 resulted in allosteric inhibition of sPLA2. Under the conditions tested, we observed that both Boc-5 and Boc-10 strongly decreased edema, myonecrosis, and neurotoxicity induced by native sPLA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Toyama
- UNESP, Campus do Litoral Paulista, São Vicente, Brasil
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Santos ML, Toyama DO, Oliveira SCB, Cotrim CA, Diz-Filho EBS, Fagundes FHR, Soares VCG, Aparicio R, Toyama MH. Modulation of the pharmacological activities of secretory phospholipase A2 from Crotalus durissus cascavella induced by naringin. Molecules 2011; 16:738-61. [PMID: 21245808 PMCID: PMC6259155 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16010738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work we have characterized the action of the naringin, a flavonoid found in grapefruit and known for its various pharmacological effects, which include antioxidant blood lipid lowering and anticancer activity, on the structure and biochemical activities of a secretory phospholipase A (sPLA2) from Crotalus durissus cascavella, an important protein involved in the releasinge of arachidonic acid in phospholipid membranes. sPLA2 was incubated with naringin (mol:mol) at 37 °C and a discrete reduction in the UV scanning signal and a modification of the circular dichroism spectra were observed after treatment with naringin, suggesting modifications of the secondary structure of the protein. This flavonoid was able to decrease enzymatic activity and some pharmacological effects, such as myonecrosis, platelet aggregation, and neurotoxic activity caused by sPLA2, however, the inflammatory effect was not affected by naringin. In addition, small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data were collected for sPLA2 and naringin-treated sPLA2 to evaluate possible modifications of the protein structure. These structural investigations have shown that sPLA2 is an elongated dimer in solution and after treatment with naringin a conformational change in the dimeric configuration was observed. Our results suggest that structural modification may be correlated with the loss of enzymatic activity and alterations in pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo L. Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural e Cristalografia, Instituto de Química, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Simone C. B. Oliveira
- Departmento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila A. Cotrim
- Departmento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio H. R. Fagundes
- Departmento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Veronica C. G. Soares
- Departmento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Aparicio
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural e Cristalografia, Instituto de Química, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos H. Toyama
- Laboratório de Macromoléculas Química, UNESP/CLP, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil
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Cotrim CA, de Oliveira SCB, Diz Filho EB, Fonseca FV, Baldissera L, Antunes E, Ximenes RM, Monteiro HSA, Rabello MM, Hernandes MZ, de Oliveira Toyama D, Toyama MH. Quercetin as an inhibitor of snake venom secretory phospholipase A2. Chem Biol Interact 2011; 189:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Revised: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 10/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Sampaio SC, Hyslop S, Fontes MR, Prado-Franceschi J, Zambelli VO, Magro AJ, Brigatte P, Gutierrez VP, Cury Y. Crotoxin: Novel activities for a classic β-neurotoxin. Toxicon 2010; 55:1045-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2010.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Revised: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 01/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Fonseca FV, Baldissera L, Camargo EA, Antunes E, Diz-Filho EBS, Corrêa AG, Beriam LOS, Toyama DO, Cotrim CA, Alvin J, Toyama MH. Effect of the synthetic coumarin, ethyl 2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxylate, on activity of Crotalus durissus ruruima sPLA2 as well as on edema and platelet aggregation induced by this factor. Toxicon 2010; 55:1527-30. [PMID: 20223257 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2010.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Revised: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We show that ethyl 2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxylate (EOCC), a synthetic coumarin, irreversibly inhibits phospholipase A(2) (sPLA2) from Crotalus durissus ruruima venom (sPLA2r) with an IC(50) of 3.1 +/- 0.06 nmol. EOCC strongly decreased the V(max) and K(m), and it virtually abolished the enzyme activity of sPLA2r as well as sPLA2s from other sources. The edema induced by sPLA2r + EOCC was less than that induced by sPLA2r treated with p-bromophenacyl bromide, which was more efficient at neutralizing the platelet aggregation activity of native sPLA2r. Native sPLA2r induced platelet aggregation of 91.54 +/- 9.3%, and sPLA2r + EOCC induced a platelet aggregation of 18.56 +/- 6.5%. EOCC treatment also decreased the myotoxic effect of sPLA2r. Mass spectrometry showed that EOCC formed a stable complex with sPLA2r, which increased the mass of native sPLA2r from 14,299.34 Da to 14,736.22 Da. Moreover, the formation of this complex appeared to be involved in the loss of sPLA2r activity. Our results strongly suggest that EOCC can be used as a pharmacological agent against the sPLA2 in Crotalus durissus sp. venom as well as other sPLA2s.
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Affiliation(s)
- F V Fonseca
- Biochemistry Department, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
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Toyama DO, Marangoni S, Diz-Filho EBS, Oliveira SCB, Toyama MH. Effect of umbelliferone (7-hydroxycoumarin, 7-HOC) on the enzymatic, edematogenic and necrotic activities of secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) isolated from Crotalus durissus collilineatus venom. Toxicon 2009; 53:417-26. [PMID: 19470355 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2008.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2008] [Revised: 12/11/2008] [Accepted: 12/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids, coumarins and other polyphenolic compounds are powerful antioxidants both in hydrophilic and lipophylic environments with diverse pharmacological properties including anti-inflammatory activity. Despite being widely used as powerful therapeutic agents for blood coagulation disorders, more specifically to control some serine protease enzymes, the mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity of coumarins is unknown, unlike that of flavonoids. Although their controlling effect on serine proteases is well acknowledged, their action on secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) remains obscure. The present study describes the interaction between umbelliferone (7-HOC) and the sPLA2 from Crotalus durissus collilineatus venom. In vitro inhibition of sPLA2 enzymatic activity by 7-HOC was estimated using 4N3OBA as substrate, resulting in an irreversible decrease in such activity proportional to 7-HOC concentration. The biophysical interaction between 7-HOC and sPLA2 was examined by fluorescent spectral analysis and circular dichroism studies. Results from both techniques clearly showed that 7-HOC strongly modified the secondary structure of this enzyme and CD spectra revealed that it strongly decreased sPLA2 alpha-helical conformation. In addition, two-dimensional electrophoresis indicated an evident difference between HPLC-purified native and 7-HOC-treated sPLA2s, which were used in pharmacological experiments to compare their biological activities. In vivo anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by the sPLA2-induced mouse paw edema model, in which 7-HOC presented an effect similar to those of dexamethasone and cyproheptadine against the pro-inflammatory effect induced by native sPLA2 on the mouse paw edema, mast cell degranulation and skin edema. On the other hand, 7-HOC exhibited a more potent inhibitory effect on sPLA2 than that of p-bromophenacyl bromide (p-BPB). Our data suggest that 7-HOC interacts with sPLA2 and causes some structural modifications that lead to a sharp decrease or inhibition of the edematogenic and myotoxic activities of this enzyme, indicating its potential use to suppress inflammation induced by sPLA2 from the snake venom.
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Affiliation(s)
- D O Toyama
- Centro de Cidncias Biológicas e da Saúde, Univesidade Mackenzie, São Paulo, Brazil
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Martins RD, Alves RS, Martins AMC, Barbosa PSF, Evangelista JSAM, Evangelista JJF, Ximenes RM, Toyama MH, Toyama DO, Souza AJF, Orts DJB, Marangoni S, de Menezes DB, Fonteles MC, Monteiro HSA. Purification and characterization of the biological effects of phospholipase A(2) from sea anemone Bunodosoma caissarum. Toxicon 2009; 54:413-20. [PMID: 19463845 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Revised: 04/25/2009] [Accepted: 05/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Sea anemones contain a variety of biologically active substances. Bunodosoma caissarum is a sea anemone from the Cnidaria phylum, found only in Brazilian coastal waters. The aim of the present work was to study the biological effects of PLA(2) isolated from the sea anemone B. caissarum on the isolated perfused kidney, the arteriolar mesenteric bed and on insulin secretion. Specimens of B. caissarum were collected from the São Vicente Channel on the southern coast of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Reverse phase HPLC analysis of the crude extract of B. caissarum detected three PLA(2) proteins (named BcPLA(2)1, BcPLA(2)2 and BcPLA(2)3) found to be active in B. caissarum extracts. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry of BcPLA(2)1 showed one main peak at 14.7 kDa. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of BcPLA(2)1 showed high amino acid sequence identity with PLA(2) group III protein isolated from the Mexican lizard (PA23 HELSU, HELSU, PA22 HELSU) and with the honey bee Apis mellifera (PLA(2) and 1POC_A). In addition, BcPLA(2)1 also showed significant overall homology to bee PLA(2). The enzymatic activity induced by native BcPLA(2)1 (20 microg/well) was reduced by chemical treatment with p-bromophenacyl bromide (p-BPB) and with morin. BcPLA(2)1 strongly induced insulin secretion in presence of high glucose concentration. In isolated kidney, the PLA(2) from B. caissarum increased the perfusion pressure, renal vascular resistance, urinary flow, glomerular filtration rate, and sodium, potassium and chloride levels of excretion. BcPLA(2)1, however, did not increase the perfusion pressure on the mesenteric vascular bed. In conclusion, PLA(2), a group III phospholipase isolated from the sea anemone B. caissarum, exerted effects on renal function and induced insulin secretion in conditions of high glucose concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- René D Martins
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology - Institute of Biomedicine and Clinical Research Unit - Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CEP-60.420-970, Ceará, Brazil
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Xie MX, Long M, Liu Y, Qin C, Wang YD. Characterization of the interaction between human serum albumin and morin. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2006; 1760:1184-91. [PMID: 16750302 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2006.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2005] [Revised: 03/29/2006] [Accepted: 03/30/2006] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of morin with human serum albumin (HSA) has been investigated by using fluorescence, UV absorption and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic approaches for the first time. Fluorescence data revealed the presence of a specific binding site on HSA for morin, and the binding affinity was 1.13+/-0.11x10(-5) L Mol(-1) in the physiological condition. The intrinsic fluorescence of morin was conspicuously enhanced in the presence of HSA due to excited-state proton transfer. The binding ability of morin to protein decreased with the increase of the buffer pH from 6.4 to 8.4, which signified that the level of protonation of the hydroxyl groups played an important role during the drug-protein binding process. From the UV absorption spectra of morin in various pH medium, the dissociation behaviors of the hydroxyl groups on the drug molecule were assigned. The second derivative UV absorption spectra of morin after interacting with HSA were used to elucidate the binding mode of morin to protein. The obvious red shift of the UV absorption band I of morin upon binding to HSA further confirmed the formation of HSA-morin complex, and this property was also utilized to estimate the binding constant. The interaction between morin and HSA induced an obvious reduction of the protein alpha-helix and beta-sheet structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Xia Xie
- Analytical & Testing Center of Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China.
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