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Bektas S, Kaptan E. Therapeutic potential of lectins in the treatment of breast cancer: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 249:126073. [PMID: 37536407 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women. There are 3 major subtypes of breast cancer that are distinguished by expression of estrogen or progesterone receptors and ERBB2 gene amplification. The 3 subtypes have different risk profiles and treatment strategies. Abnormal glycosylation is thought to play an important role in the development of the tumorigenic and metastatic phenotype of breast cancer and resistance to therapy. They may also be a potentially attractive target for breast cancer treatment. Proteins such as lectins, a family of carbohydrate-binding proteins found in a variety of organisms from viruses to humans, can specifically interact with abnormally glycosylated carbohydrate residues in cancer cells and induce cytotoxic effects. In recent years, there has been a growing number of research addressing studies demonstrating their antitumorigenic and antimalignant effects. This review summarizes recent findings on lectins from plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria that are potentially therapeutic agents against breast cancer and outlines the basis of their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suna Bektas
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Vezneciler, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Engin Kaptan
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Vezneciler, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey.
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Valadez-Vega C, Lugo-Magaña O, Betanzos-Cabrera G, Villagómez-Ibarra JR. Partial Characterization of Lectins Purified from the Surco and Vara (Furrow and Rod) Varieties of Black Phaseolus vulgaris. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238436. [PMID: 36500537 PMCID: PMC9741355 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
As they manifest specifically and reversibly, lectins are proteins or glycoproteins with the characteristic of agglutinating erythrocytes. Given that grain legume lectins can represent 10% of protein content and can have various biological functions, they are extensively studied. The objective of this work was to purify and partially characterize the lectins of Phaseolus vulgaris black, var surco and vara (LBBS and LBBV). Both lectin types were purified by affinity chromatography on stroma matrix, which agglutinated human erythrocytes type A, B, and O, as well as rabbit, hamster, pig, and chicken erythrocytes. Native-PAGE was employed for molecular mass determination, yielding 109.36 and 112.68 kDa for BBS and BBV, respectively. Further analyses revealed that these lectins are tetrameric glycoproteins that require Ca+2, Mn+2 and Mg+2 ions for exhibiting their hemagglutinating function, which can be inhibited by fetuin. Moreover, optimal pH was established for both lectins (10.5 for LBBS and 7-9 for LBBV), while their activity was temperature-dependent and ceased above 70 °C. Finally, the observed differences in the biochemical characteristics and bioactive functions were ascribed to the different physiological characteristics of each seed, as well as the protein itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Valadez-Vega
- Área Académica de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42080, Mexico
- Correspondence:
| | - Olivia Lugo-Magaña
- Preparatoria Número 1, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Benito Juárez S/N, Constitución, Pachuca de Soto 42060, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Betanzos-Cabrera
- Área Académica de Nutrición, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42080, Mexico
| | - José Roberto Villagómez-Ibarra
- Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado del Hidalgo, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Mineral de la Reforma 42184, Mexico
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Murugesan AK, Gunasagaran KS. Purification and characterization of a synergistic bioactive lectin from Pleurotus flabellatus (PFL-L) with potent antibacterial and in-vitro radical scavenging activity. Anal Biochem 2021; 635:114450. [PMID: 34767809 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lectin is a carbohydrate-binding protein, which exhibits a plethora of biological properties such as antimicrobial, antifungal, and anticancer activities. In the present study, lectin, with an antibacterial and antioxidant potential, was purified from the oyster mushroom Pleurotus flabellatus. The P. flabellatus Lectin (PFL-L) was purified by using a DEAE - cellulose anion exchange chromatography followed by gel-filtration chromatography. The PFL-L was characterized by CD, HPLC, and MALDI-TOF/MS. The purity of PFL-L increased to 62.40% with the recovery of hemagglutinating activity (HA) by 12.12%. On SDS - PAGE, the PFL-L gave a single band of 18 kDa. PFL-L, consisting of d-galactose, exhibits a strong hemagglutinating activity. It was stable at pH (6.0-7.5) and temperature (10-20 °C) in addition to having extensive hemagglutinating activity. PFL-L enhanced the HA with the use of different metal ions namely Mg2+, Ca2+, and Fe2+. The study of bacterial growth inhibition led to the inference that the PFL-L was more potent against gram-negative bacteria. PFL-L showed the highest radical scavenging activity for the DPPH assay at 100 μg/mL (89.9 ± 2.53%). The highest antioxidant activities with IC50 values (for DPPH assay) of 53.96 μg/mL were determined for PFL-L and the present study shows that lectin from P. flabellatus manifested distinctive character and potentially exploitable activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arul Kumar Murugesan
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Pin Code - 600025, India; Department of Botany, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchrappalli, Pin Code - 620024, India.
| | - Karuna Sagaran Gunasagaran
- Environment Information System (ENVIS-Centre), Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Pin Code - 600025, India
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Wang Y, He S, Zhou F, Sun H, Cao X, Ye Y, Li J. Detection of Lectin Protein Allergen of Kidney Beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and Desensitization Food Processing Technology. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:14723-14741. [PMID: 34251800 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With the increase of food allergy events related to not properly cooked kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), more and more researchers are paying attention to the sensitization potential of lectin, one of the major storage and defensive proteins with the specific carbohydrate-binding activity. The immunoglobulin E (IgE), non-IgE, and mixed allergic reactions induced by the lectins were inducted in the current paper, and the detection methods of kidney bean lectin, including the purification strategies, hemagglutination activity, specific polysaccharide or glycoprotein interactions, antibody combinations, mass spectrometry methods, and allergomics strategies, were summarized, while various food processing aspects, such as the physical thermal processing, physical non-thermal processing, chemical modifications, and biological treatments, were reviewed in the potential of sensitization reduction. It might be the first comprehensive review on lectin allergen detection from kidney bean and the desensitization strategy in food processing and will provide a basis for food safety control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfei Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Shudong He
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanlin Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanju Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Cao
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongkang Ye
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
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Narrative Review: Bioactive Potential of Various Mushrooms as the Treasure of Versatile Therapeutic Natural Product. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7090728. [PMID: 34575766 PMCID: PMC8466349 DOI: 10.3390/jof7090728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms have remained an eternal part of traditional cuisines due to their beneficial health potential and have long been recognized as a folk medicine for their broad spectrum of nutraceuticals, as well as therapeutic and prophylactic uses. Nowadays, they have been extensively investigated to explain the chemical nature and mechanisms of action of their biomedicine and nutraceuticals capacity. Mushrooms belong to the astounding dominion of Fungi and are known as a macrofungus. Significant health benefits of mushrooms, including antiviral, antibacterial, anti-parasitic, antifungal, wound healing, anticancer, immunomodulating, antioxidant, radical scavenging, detoxification, hepatoprotective cardiovascular, anti-hypercholesterolemia, and anti-diabetic effects, etc., have been reported around the globe and have attracted significant interests of its further exploration in commercial sectors. They can function as functional foods, help in the treatment and therapeutic interventions of sub-optimal health states, and prevent some consequences of life-threatening diseases. Mushrooms mainly contained low and high molecular weight polysaccharides, fatty acids, lectins, and glucans responsible for their therapeutic action. Due to the large varieties of mushrooms present, it becomes challenging to identify chemical components present in them and their beneficial action. This article highlights such therapeutic activities with their active ingredients for mushrooms.
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Panda MK, Paul M, Singdevsachan SK, Tayung K, Das SK, Thatoi H. Promising Anti-cancer Therapeutics From Mushrooms: Current Findings and Future Perceptions. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 22:1164-1191. [PMID: 33032507 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666201008164056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nowadays, medicines derived from natural sources have drawn much attention as potential therapeutic agents in the suppression and treatment of cancer because of their low toxicity and fewer side effects. OBJECTIVE The present review aims to assess the currently available knowledge on the ethnomedicinal uses and pharmacological activities of bioactive compounds obtained from medicinal mushrooms towards cancer treatment. METHODS A literature search has been conducted for the collection of research papers from universally accepted scientific databases. These research papers and published book chapters were scrutinized to retrieve information on ethnomedicinal uses of mushrooms, different factors involved in cancer cell proliferation, clinical and in silico pharmaceutical studies made for possible treatments of cancer using mushroom derived compounds. Overall, 241 articles were retrieved and reviewed from the year 1970 to 2020, out of which 98 relevant articles were finally considered for the preparation of this review. RESULTS This review presents an update on the natural bioactive substances derived from medicinal mushrooms and their role in inhibiting the factors responsible for cancer cell proliferation. Along with it, the present review also provides information on the ethnomedicinal uses, solvents used for extraction of anti-cancer metabolites, clinical trials, and in silico studies that were undertaken towards anticancer drug development from medicinal mushrooms. CONCLUSION The present review provides extensive knowledge on various anti-cancer substances obtained from medicinal mushrooms, their biological actions, and in silico drug designing approaches, which could form a basis for the development of natural anti-cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrunmaya K Panda
- Department of Biotechnology, North Orissa University, Baripada-757003, Odisha, India
| | - Manish Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, North Orissa University, Baripada-757003, Odisha, India
| | - Sameer K Singdevsachan
- Spinco Biotech Pvt. Ltd., Spinco Towers, No. 934, 5th A cross, Service Road, HRBR Layout 1st Block, Kalyan Nagar, Bengaluru-560043, Karnataka, India
| | - Kumananda Tayung
- Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Gopinath Bordoloi Nagar, Guwahati-781014, Assam, India
| | - Swagat K Das
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering and Technology, Biju Patnaik University of Technology, Bhubaneswar- 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Hrudayanath Thatoi
- Department of Biotechnology, North Orissa University, Baripada-757003, Odisha, India
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Natural Products with Inhibitory Activity against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1. Adv Virol 2021; 2021:5552088. [PMID: 34194504 PMCID: PMC8181102 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5552088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are considered one of the main public health problems worldwide. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the current modality of treatment for HIV-1 infection. It comprises the combined use of several drugs and can decrease the viral load and increase the CD4+ T cell count in patients with HIV-1 infection, thereby proving to be an effective modality. This therapy significantly decreases the rate of morbidity and mortality owing to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and prolongs and improves the quality of life of infected patients. However, nonadherence to ART may increase viral resistance to antiretroviral drugs and transmission of drug-resistant strains of HIV. Therefore, it is necessary to continue research for compounds with anti-HIV-1 activity, exhibiting a potential for the development of an alternative or complementary therapy to ART with low cost and fewer side effects. Natural products and their derivatives represent an excellent option owing to their therapeutic potential against HIV. Currently, the derivatives of natural products available as anti-HIV-1 agents include zidovudine, an arabinonucleoside derivative of the Caribbean marine sponge (Tectitethya crypta), which inhibits the reverse transcriptase of the virus. This was the first antiviral agent approved for treatment of HIV infection. Additionally, bevirimat (isolated from Syzygium claviflorum) and calanolide A (isolated from Calophyllum sp.) are inhibitors of viral maturation and reverse transcription process, respectively. In the present review, we aimed to describe the wide repertoire of natural compounds exhibiting anti-HIV-1 activity that can be considered for designing new therapeutic strategies to curb the HIV pandemic.
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El-Maradny YA, El-Fakharany EM, Abu-Serie MM, Hashish MH, Selim HS. Lectins purified from medicinal and edible mushrooms: Insights into their antiviral activity against pathogenic viruses. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 179:239-258. [PMID: 33676978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
For thousands of years, fungi have been a valuable and promising source of therapeutic agents for treatment of various diseases. Mushroom is a macrofungus which has been cultivated worldwide for its nutritional value and medicinal applications. Several bioactive molecules were extracted from mushroom such as polysaccharides, lectins and terpenoids. Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins with non-immunologic origin. Lectins were classified according to their structure, origin and sugar specificity. This protein has different binding specificity with surface glycan moiety which determines its activity and therapeutic applications. A wide range of medicinal activities such as antitumor, antiviral, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory and antidiabetic were reported from sugar-binding proteins. However, glycan-binding protein from mushroom is not well explored as antiviral agent. The discovery of novel antiviral agents is a public health emergency to overcome the current pandemic and be ready for the upcoming viral pandemics. The mechanism of action of lectin against viruses targets numerous steps in viral life cycle such as viral attachment, entry and replication. This review described the history, classification, purification techniques, structure-function relationship and different therapeutic applications of mushroom lectin. In addition, we focus on the antiviral activity, purification and physicochemical characteristics of some mushroom lectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousra A El-Maradny
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt; Microbiology Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Esmail M El-Fakharany
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Marwa M Abu-Serie
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mona H Hashish
- Microbiology Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Heba S Selim
- Microbiology Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Patocka J, Wu R, Nepovimova E, Valis M, Wu W, Kuca K. Chemistry and Toxicology of Major Bioactive Substances in Inocybe Mushrooms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042218. [PMID: 33672330 PMCID: PMC7926736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushroom poisoning has always been a threat to human health. There are a large number of reports about ingestion of poisonous mushrooms every year around the world. It attracts the attention of researchers, especially in the aspects of toxin composition, toxic mechanism and toxin application in poisonous mushroom. Inocybe is a large genus of mushrooms and contains toxic substances including muscarine, psilocybin, psilocin, aeruginascin, lectins and baeocystin. In order to prevent and remedy mushroom poisoning, it is significant to clarify the toxic effects and mechanisms of these bioactive substances. In this review article, we summarize the chemistry, most known toxic effects and mechanisms of major toxic substances in Inocybe mushrooms, especially muscarine, psilocybin and psilocin. Their available toxicity data (different species, different administration routes) published formerly are also summarized. In addition, the treatment and medical application of these toxic substances in Inocybe mushrooms are also discussed. We hope that this review will help understanding of the chemistry and toxicology of Inocybe mushrooms as well as the potential clinical application of its bioactive substances to benefit human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Patocka
- Department of Radiology, Toxicology and Civil Protection, Faculty of Health and Social Studies, University of South Bohemia, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic;
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ran Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Martin Valis
- Department of Neurology of the Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Wenda Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (K.K.); Tel.: +86-152-5185-0173 (W.W.); +420-439-332-509 (K.K.)
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (K.K.); Tel.: +86-152-5185-0173 (W.W.); +420-439-332-509 (K.K.)
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Zhao S, Gao Q, Rong C, Wang S, Zhao Z, Liu Y, Xu J. Immunomodulatory Effects of Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms and Their Bioactive Immunoregulatory Products. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E269. [PMID: 33171663 PMCID: PMC7712035 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms have been valued as food and health supplements by humans for centuries. They are rich in dietary fiber, essential amino acids, minerals, and many bioactive compounds, especially those related to human immune system functions. Mushrooms contain diverse immunoregulatory compounds such as terpenes and terpenoids, lectins, fungal immunomodulatory proteins (FIPs) and polysaccharides. The distributions of these compounds differ among mushroom species and their potent immune modulation activities vary depending on their core structures and fraction composition chemical modifications. Here we review the current status of clinical studies on immunomodulatory activities of mushrooms and mushroom products. The potential mechanisms for their activities both in vitro and in vivo were summarized. We describe the approaches that have been used in the development and application of bioactive compounds extracted from mushrooms. These developments have led to the commercialization of a large number of mushroom products. Finally, we discuss the problems in pharmacological applications of mushrooms and mushroom products and highlight a few areas that should be improved before immunomodulatory compounds from mushrooms can be widely used as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (S.Z.); (Q.G.); (C.R.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Qi Gao
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (S.Z.); (Q.G.); (C.R.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Chengbo Rong
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (S.Z.); (Q.G.); (C.R.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shouxian Wang
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (S.Z.); (Q.G.); (C.R.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhekun Zhao
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (S.Z.); (Q.G.); (C.R.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (S.Z.); (Q.G.); (C.R.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jianping Xu
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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Abstract
Wild mushroom foraging involves a high risk of unintentional consumption of poisonous mushrooms which is a serious health concern. This problem arises due to the close morphological resemblances of toxic mushrooms with edible ones. The genus Inocybe comprises both edible and poisonous species and it is therefore important to differentiate them. Knowledge about their chemical nature will unambiguously determine their edibility and aid in an effective treatment in case of poisonings. In the present study, the presence of volatile toxic metabolites was verified in Inocybe virosa by gas chromatography. Methyl palmitate, phenol, 3,5-bis (1,1-dimethyl ethyl) and phytol were the identified compounds with suspected toxicity. The presence of the toxin muscarine was confirmed by liquid chromatography. The in vitro study showed that there was negligible effect of the digestion process on muscarine content or its toxicity. Therefore, the role of muscarine in the toxicity of Inocybe virosa was studied using a bioassay wherein metameters such as hypersalivation, immobility, excessive defecation, heart rate and micturition were measured. Administration of muscarine resulted in an earlier onset of symptoms and the extract showed a slightly stronger muscarinic effect in comparison to an equivalent dose of muscarine estimated in it. Further, the biological fate of muscarine was studied by pharmacokinetics and gamma scintigraphy in New Zealand white rabbits. Significant amount of the toxin was rapidly and effectively concentrated in the thorax and head region. This study closely explains the early muscarinic response such as miosis and salivation in mice. By the end of 24 h, a relatively major proportion of muscarine administered was accumulated in the liver which stands as an explanation to the hepatotoxicity of Inocybe virosa. This is one of the rare studies that has attempted to understand the toxic potential of muscarine which has previously been explored extensively for its pharmaceutical applications.
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Singh RS, Walia AK, Kennedy JF. Mushroom lectins in biomedical research and development. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 151:1340-1350. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abstract
A six-gene phylogeny of the Inocybaceae is presented to address classification of major clades within the family. Seven genera are recognized that establish a global overview of phylogenetic relationships in the Inocybaceae. Two genera-Nothocybe and Pseudosperma-are described as new. Two subgenera of Inocybe-subg. Inosperma and subg. Mallocybe-are elevated to generic rank. These four new genera, together with the previously described Auritella, Tubariomyces, and now Inocybe sensu stricto, constitute the Inocybaceae, an ectomycorrhizal lineage of Agaricales that associates with at least 23 plant families worldwide. Pseudosperma, Nothocybe, and Inocybe are recovered as a strongly supported inclusive clade within the family. The genus Nothocybe, represented by a single species from tropical India, is strongly supported as the sister lineage to Inocybe, a hyperdiverse genus containing hundreds of species and global distribution. Two additional inclusive clades, including Inosperma, Tubariomyces, Auritella, and Mallocybe, and a nested grouping of Auritella, Mallocybe, and Tubariomyces, are recovered but with marginal statistical support. Overall, the six-gene data set provides a more robust phylogenetic estimate of relationships within the family than do single-gene and single-gene-region estimates. In addition, Africa, India, and Australia are characterized by the most genera in the family, with South America containing the fewest number of genera. A total of 180 names are recombined or proposed as new in Inosperma, Mallocybe, and Pseudosperma. A key to genera of Inocybaceae is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Brandon Matheny
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - Alicia M Hobbs
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - Fernando Esteve-Raventós
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida (Area de Botánica), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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Mishra A, Behura A, Mawatwal S, Kumar A, Naik L, Mohanty SS, Manna D, Dokania P, Mishra A, Patra SK, Dhiman R. Structure-function and application of plant lectins in disease biology and immunity. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 134:110827. [PMID: 31542433 PMCID: PMC7115788 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lectins are proteins with a high degree of stereospecificity to recognize various sugar structures and form reversible linkages upon interaction with glyco-conjugate complexes. These are abundantly found in plants, animals and many other species and are known to agglutinate various blood groups of erythrocytes. Further, due to the unique carbohydrate recognition property, lectins have been extensively used in many biological functions that make use of protein-carbohydrate recognition like detection, isolation and characterization of glycoconjugates, histochemistry of cells and tissues, tumor cell recognition and many more. In this review, we have summarized the immunomodulatory effects of plant lectins and their effects against diseases, including antimicrobial action. We found that many plant lectins mediate its microbicidal activity by triggering host immune responses that result in the release of several cytokines followed by activation of effector mechanism. Moreover, certain lectins also enhance the phagocytic activity of macrophages during microbial infections. Lectins along with heat killed microbes can act as vaccine to provide long term protection from deadly microbes. Hence, lectin based therapy can be used as a better substitute to fight microbial diseases efficiently in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abtar Mishra
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Assirbad Behura
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Shradha Mawatwal
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Lincoln Naik
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Subhashree Subhasmita Mohanty
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Debraj Manna
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Puja Dokania
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342011, India
| | - Samir K Patra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India.
| | - Rohan Dhiman
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India.
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He MQ, Zhao RL, Hyde KD, Begerow D, Kemler M, Yurkov A, McKenzie EHC, Raspé O, Kakishima M, Sánchez-Ramírez S, Vellinga EC, Halling R, Papp V, Zmitrovich IV, Buyck B, Ertz D, Wijayawardene NN, Cui BK, Schoutteten N, Liu XZ, Li TH, Yao YJ, Zhu XY, Liu AQ, Li GJ, Zhang MZ, Ling ZL, Cao B, Antonín V, Boekhout T, da Silva BDB, De Crop E, Decock C, Dima B, Dutta AK, Fell JW, Geml J, Ghobad-Nejhad M, Giachini AJ, Gibertoni TB, Gorjón SP, Haelewaters D, He SH, Hodkinson BP, Horak E, Hoshino T, Justo A, Lim YW, Menolli N, Mešić A, Moncalvo JM, Mueller GM, Nagy LG, Nilsson RH, Noordeloos M, Nuytinck J, Orihara T, Ratchadawan C, Rajchenberg M, Silva-Filho AGS, Sulzbacher MA, Tkalčec Z, Valenzuela R, Verbeken A, Vizzini A, Wartchow F, Wei TZ, Weiß M, Zhao CL, Kirk PM. Notes, outline and divergence times of Basidiomycota. FUNGAL DIVERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-019-00435-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe Basidiomycota constitutes a major phylum of the kingdom Fungi and is second in species numbers to the Ascomycota. The present work provides an overview of all validly published, currently used basidiomycete genera to date in a single document. An outline of all genera of Basidiomycota is provided, which includes 1928 currently used genera names, with 1263 synonyms, which are distributed in 241 families, 68 orders, 18 classes and four subphyla. We provide brief notes for each accepted genus including information on classification, number of accepted species, type species, life mode, habitat, distribution, and sequence information. Furthermore, three phylogenetic analyses with combined LSU, SSU, 5.8s, rpb1, rpb2, and ef1 datasets for the subphyla Agaricomycotina, Pucciniomycotina and Ustilaginomycotina are conducted, respectively. Divergence time estimates are provided to the family level with 632 species from 62 orders, 168 families and 605 genera. Our study indicates that the divergence times of the subphyla in Basidiomycota are 406–430 Mya, classes are 211–383 Mya, and orders are 99–323 Mya, which are largely consistent with previous studies. In this study, all phylogenetically supported families were dated, with the families of Agaricomycotina diverging from 27–178 Mya, Pucciniomycotina from 85–222 Mya, and Ustilaginomycotina from 79–177 Mya. Divergence times as additional criterion in ranking provide additional evidence to resolve taxonomic problems in the Basidiomycota taxonomic system, and also provide a better understanding of their phylogeny and evolution.
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Two-Step Isolation, Purification, and Characterization of Lectin from Zihua Snap Bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris) Seeds. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11050785. [PMID: 31052517 PMCID: PMC6571848 DOI: 10.3390/polym11050785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A two-step method based on an aqueous two-phase system and Sephadex G-75 was used to separate and purify lectin from the seeds of the Zihua snap bean. The preliminary properties and bioactivity of the Zihua snap bean lectin were characterized by different instrumental methods, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE), liquid chromatography-nano electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (Nano LC-ESI-MS/MS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The hemagglutinating activity of the Zihua snap bean lectin could not be inhibited by glucose, N-acetyl-d-glucosamine, d-galactose, N-acetyl-d-galactosamine, fructose, sucrose, d-maltose, d-trehalose, and lactose. It was found that the hemagglutinating activity of the lectin showed strong dependence on Mn2+ and Ca2+. The thermal and pH stability of the Zihua snap bean lectin was studied by FTIR and fluorescence spectroscopy. Relatively good stability was observed when the temperature was not higher than 70 °C, as well as in the pH range of 2.0 to 10.0. Digestive stability in vitro was investigated. The untreated lectin was relatively stable to pepsin and trypsin activity, but heat treatment could significantly reduce the digestive stability in vitro. Moreover, the lectin showed an inhibitory effect on the tested bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Escherichia coli (E. coli), Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)), and it also showed a certain inhibitory effect on the growth of Phytophthora infestans (P. infestans) at higher concentrations.
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An Inulin-Specific Lectin with Anti-HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase, Antiproliferative, and Mitogenic Activities from the Edible Mushroom Agaricus bitorquis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:1341370. [PMID: 31016184 PMCID: PMC6444243 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1341370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
A novel lectin (ABL) was purified from the dried fruiting bodies of Agaricus bitorquis. An efficient 3-step purification protocol involved two consecutive steps of ion exchange chromatography on Q-Sepharose and SP-Sepharose and gel filtration by FPLC on Superdex 75. ABL is a monomeric protein with the molecular mass of 27.6 kDa, which is different from other lectins from genus Agaricus. Its N-terminal amino acid sequence is EYTISIRVYQTNPKGFNRPV which is unique and sharing considerably high similarity of other mushroom lectins. The hemagglutinating activity of the lectin was inhibited by inulin. Based on hemagglutination tests, ABL prefers rabbit, human type A, and AB erythrocytes to human type B and O erythrocytes. The lectin inhibits the activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and the proliferation of leukemia cell (L1210) with an IC50 value of 4.69 and 4.97 μM, respectively. Furthermore, ABL demonstrates the highest mitogenic activity with a response of 24177.7 ± 940.6 [3H-methyl] thymidine counts per minute (CPM) at a concentration of 0.91 μM.
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Bommenahalli Shashidhara R, Iyyaswami R. Aqueous two phase partitioning of Pisum sativum lectin in PEG/citrate salt system. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 48:759-767. [PMID: 30303457 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2018.1504220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Pisum sativum lectin (Psl) is a metalloprotein which is in the center of research interest because of its HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory activity and mitogenic activity. The application of this lectin in various fields demands the economically feasible and scalable purification strategy other than affinity chromatography. The suitability of aqueous two phase system (ATPS) composed of poly ethylene glycol (PEG) with different salts (sodium citrate, potassium citrate, and ammonium citrate) was evaluated for better partitioning of Psl. The significant factors such as molar mass and concentration of PEG, type and concentration of salts, the effect of tie line length (TLL), ionic strength, and pH were studied to select a suitable system for better partitioning of Psl. ATPS comprising of 18% PEG 6000, 16% sodium citrate, 1% NaCl at the operating condition of pH 8, 40.23% of TLL, and the volume ratio of 1.32 was found to be the best system which gave a maximum partition coefficient and yield of 14.5% and 98.66%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Regupathi Iyyaswami
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal , Mangalore , India
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19
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Wang Y, Wu B, Shao J, Jia J, Tian Y, Shu X, Ren X, Guan Y. Extraction, purification and physicochemical properties of a novel lectin from Laetiporus sulphureus mushroom. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Martínez-Alarcón D, Blanco-Labra A, García-Gasca T. Expression of Lectins in Heterologous Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E616. [PMID: 29466298 PMCID: PMC5855838 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lectins are proteins that have the ability to recognize and bind in a reversible and specific way to free carbohydrates or glycoconjugates of cell membranes. For these reasons, they have been extensively used in a wide range of industrial and pharmacological applications. Currently, there is great interest in their production on a large scale. Unfortunately, conventional techniques do not provide the appropriate platform for this purpose and therefore, the heterologous production of lectins in different organisms has become the preferred method in many cases. Such systems have the advantage of providing better yields as well as more homogeneous and better-defined properties for the resultant products. However, an inappropriate choice of the expression system can cause important structural alterations that have repercussions on their biological activity since the specificity may lay in their post-translational processing, which depends largely on the producing organism. The present review aims to examine the most representative studies in the area, exposing the four most frequently used systems (bacteria, yeasts, plants and animal cells), with the intention of providing the necessary information to determine the strategy to follow in each case as well as their respective advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Martínez-Alarcón
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte, Carretera Irapuato-León, Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - Alejandro Blanco-Labra
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte, Carretera Irapuato-León, Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - Teresa García-Gasca
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. de las Ciencias s/n, Juriquilla, Santiago de Querétaro 76230, Querétaro, Mexico.
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21
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Duarte CEM, Abranches MV, Silva PF, de Paula SO, Cardoso SA, Oliveira LL. A new TRAF-like protein from B. oleracea ssp. botrytis with lectin activity and its effect on macrophages. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 94:508-514. [PMID: 27771409 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Lectins are involved in a wide range of biological mechanisms, like immunomodulatory agent able to activate the innate immunity. In this study, we purified and characterized a new lectin from cauliflower (Brassica oleracea ssp. botrytis - BOL) by three sequential chromatographic steps and confirmed the purity by SDS-PAGE. Additionally, we evaluated the role of the lectin in innate immunity by a phagocytosis assay, production of H2O2 and NO. BOL was characterized like a non-glycosylated protein that showed a molecular mass of ∼34kDa in SDS-PAGE. Its N-terminal sequence (ETRAFREERPSSKIVTIAG) did not reveal any similarity to the other lectins; nevertheless, it showed 100% homology to a putative TRAF-like protein from Brassica rapa and Brassica napus. This is a first report of the TRAF-protein with lectinic activity. The BOL retained its complete hemagglutination activity from 4°C up to 60°C, with stability being more apparent between pH 7.0 and 8.0. Moreover, the lectin was able to stimulate phagocytosis and induce the production of H2O2 and NO. Therefore, BOL can be explored as an immunomodulatory agent by being able to activate the innate immunity and favor antigen removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane E M Duarte
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Monise V Abranches
- Departamento de Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 38810-000 Rio Paranaíba, MG, Brazil
| | - Patrick F Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Sérgio O de Paula
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Silvia A Cardoso
- Departamento de Medicina e Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Leandro L Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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22
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Mushroom lectins: specificity, structure and bioactivity relevant to human disease. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:7802-38. [PMID: 25856678 PMCID: PMC4425051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16047802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lectins are non-immunoglobulin proteins that bind diverse sugar structures with a high degree of selectivity. Lectins play crucial role in various biological processes such as cellular signaling, scavenging of glycoproteins from the circulatory system, cell-cell interactions in the immune system, differentiation and protein targeting to cellular compartments, as well as in host defence mechanisms, inflammation, and cancer. Among all the sources of lectins, plants have been most extensively studied. However, more recently fungal lectins have attracted considerable attention due to their antitumor, antiproliferative and immunomodulatory activities. Given that only 10% of mushroom species are known and have been taxonomically classified, mushrooms represent an enormous unexplored source of potentially useful and novel lectins. In this review we provide an up-to-date summary on the biochemical, molecular and structural properties of mushroom lectins, as well as their versatile applications specifically focusing on mushroom lectin bioactivity.
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Singh SS, Wang H, Chan YS, Pan W, Dan X, Yin CM, Akkouh O, Ng TB. Lectins from edible mushrooms. Molecules 2014; 20:446-69. [PMID: 25558856 PMCID: PMC6272671 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20010446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms are famous for their nutritional and medicinal values and also for the diversity of bioactive compounds they contain including lectins. The present review is an attempt to summarize and discuss data available on molecular weights, structures, biological properties, N-terminal sequences and possible applications of lectins from edible mushrooms. It further aims to update and discuss/examine the recent advancements in the study of these lectins regarding their structures, functions, and exploitable properties. A detailed tabling of all the available data for N-terminal sequences of these lectins is also presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senjam Sunil Singh
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Biochemistry Department, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal 795003, India.
| | - Hexiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yau Sang Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Wenliang Pan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xiuli Dan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Cui Ming Yin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ouafae Akkouh
- Department of Biology and Medical Laboratory Research, Leiden University of Applied Science, Zernikedreef 11, Leiden 2333 CK, The Netherlands.
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
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Isolation and characterization of a novel lectin from the edible mushroom Stropharia rugosoannulata. Molecules 2014; 19:19880-91. [PMID: 25460311 PMCID: PMC6271533 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191219880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, only a few steroids have been isolated from the mushroom Stropharia rugosoannulata which can be cultivated. In this paper, a novel lectin (SRL) with a molecular weight of 38 kDa, and a unique IKSGVYRIVSWQGALGPEAR N-terminal sequence was isolated from S. rugosoannulata, which represents the first protein isolated from the mushroom. The purification methods included (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, ion exchange chromatography on CM-cellulose, Q-Sepharose, and SP-Sepharose, and gel- filtration on Superdex-75. The lectin was adsorbed on all three types of ion exchangers and was purified more than 450-fold. The lectin was stable below 70 °C (with half of the activity preserved at 80 °C), and in the presence of NaOH and HCl solutions up to a concentration of 12.5 mM and 25 mM, respectively. The hemagglutinating activity of SRL was inhibited by inulin. Cd2+ and Hg2+ ions strongly reduced the hemagglutinating activity at concentrations from 1.25 mM to 10 mM. SRL exhibited anti-proliferative activity toward both hepatoma Hep G2 cells and leukemia L1210 cells, with an IC50 of 7 μM and 19 μM, respectively. The activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase could also be inhibited by SRL, with an IC50 of 10 μM.
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A novel hemagglutinin with antiproliferative activity against tumor cells from the hallucinogenic mushroom Boletus speciosus. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:340467. [PMID: 24977148 PMCID: PMC4058106 DOI: 10.1155/2014/340467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Little was known about bioactive compounds from the hallucinogenic mushroom Boletus speciosus. In the present study, a hemagglutinin (BSH, B. speciosus hemagglutinin) was isolated from its fruiting bodies and enzymatic properties were also tested. The chromatographic procedure utilized comprised anion exchange chromatography on Q-Sepharose, cation exchange chromatography on CM-Cellulose, cation exchange chromatography on SP-Sepharose, and gel filtration by FPLC on Superdex 75. The hemagglutinin was a homodimer which was estimated to be approximately 31 kDa in size. The activity of BSH was stable up to 60°C, while there was a precipitous drop in activity when the temperature was elevated to 70°C. BSH retained 25% hemagglutinating activity when exposed to 100 mM NaOH and 25 mM HCl. The activity was potently inhibited by 1.25 mM Hg2+ and slightly inhibited by Fe2+, Ca2+, and Pb2+. None of the sugars tested showed inhibition towards BSH. Its hemagglutinating activity towards human erythrocytes type A, type B, and type AB was higher than type O. The hemagglutinin showed antiproliferative activity towards hepatoma Hep G2 cells and mouse lymphocytic leukemia cells (L1210) in vitro, with IC50 of 4.7 μM and 7.0 μM, respectively. It also exhibited HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory activity with an IC50 of 7.1 μM.
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26
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Sekete M, Ma D, Wang B, Wang HX, Gong Z, Ng TB. An acid-tolerant lectin coupled with high Hg2+ potentiated hemagglutination enhancing property purified from Amanita hemibapha var. ochracea. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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27
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Liu Q, Zhu M, Du F, Wang H, Ng TB. Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Mannose- and Fructose-Binding Lectin from the Edible Wild Mushroom Hygrophorus russula (Fr.) Quél. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.20.1101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology, China Agricultural University
| | - Mengjuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology, China Agricultural University
| | - Fang Du
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology, China Agricultural University
| | - Hexiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology, China Agricultural University
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
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Abstract
Fungi are members of a large group of eukaryotic organisms that include yeasts and molds, as well as the most familiar member, mushrooms. Fungal lectins with unique specificity and structures have been discovered. In general, fungal lectins are classified into specific families based on their amino acid sequences and three-dimensional structures. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the approximately 80 types of mushroom and fungal lectins that have been isolated and studied to date. In particular, we have focused on ten fungal lectins (Agaricus bisporus, Agrocybe cylindracea, Aleuria aurantia, Aspergillus oryzae, Clitocybe nebularis, Marasmius oreades, Psathyrella velutina, Rhizopus stolonifer, Pholiota squarrosa, Polyporus squamosus), many of which are commercially available and their properties, sugar-binding specificities, structural grouping into families, and applications for biological research being described. The sialic acid-specific lectins (Agrocybe cylindracea and Polyporus squamosus) and fucose-specific lectins (Aleuria aurantia, Aspergillus oryzae, Rhizopus stolonifer, and Pholiota squarrosa) each showed potential for use in identifying sialic acid glycoconjugates and fucose glycoconjugates. Although not much is currently known about fungal lectins compared to animal and plant lectins, the knowledge accumulated thus far shows great promise for several applications in the fields of taxonomy, biomedicine, and molecular and cellular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Kobayashi
- J-Oil Mills Inc., 11, Kagetoricho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 245-0064, Japan,
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Pujari R, Eligar SM, Kumar N, Barkeer S, Reddy V, Swamy BM, Inamdar SR, Shastry P. Rhizoctonia bataticola lectin (RBL) induces caspase-8-mediated apoptosis in human T-cell leukemia cell lines but not in normal CD3 and CD34 positive cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79311. [PMID: 24244478 PMCID: PMC3828372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated immunostimulatory activity of a fungal lectin, Rhizoctonia bataticola lectin (RBL), towards normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The present study aimed to explore the anticancer activities of RBL using human leukemic T-cell lines, Molt-4, Jurkat and HuT-78. RBL exhibited significant binding (>90%) to the cell membrane that was effectively inhibited by complex glycoproteins such as mucin (97% inhibition) and asialofetuin (94% inhibition) but not simple sugars such as N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, glucose and sucrose. RBL induced a dose and time dependent inhibition of proliferation and induced cytotoxicity in the cell lines. The percentage of apoptotic cells, as determined by hypodiploidy, was 33% and 42% in Molt-4 and Jurkat cells, respectively, compared to 3.11% and 2.92% in controls. This effect was associated with a concomitant decrease in the G0/G1 population. Though initiator caspase-8 and -9 were activated upon exposure to RBL, inhibition of caspase-8 but not caspase-9 rescued cells from RBL-induced apoptosis. Mechanistic studies revealed that RBL induced cleavage of Bid, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and activation of caspase-3. The expression of the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-X was down regulated without altering the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins- Bad and Bax. In contrast to leukemic cells, RBL did not induce apoptosis in normal PBMC, isolated CD3+ve cells and undifferentiated CD34+ve hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). The findings highlight the differential effects of RBL on transformed and normal hematopoietic cells and suggest that RBL may be explored for therapeutic applications in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radha Pujari
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune University Campus, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sachin M. Eligar
- Department of Biochemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Natesh Kumar
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune University Campus, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Srikanth Barkeer
- Department of Biochemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Vishwanath Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Bale M. Swamy
- Department of Biochemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Padma Shastry
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune University Campus, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- * E-mail:
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Cui F, Zan X, Li Y, Yang Y, Sun W, Zhou Q, Yu S, Dong Y. Purification and partial characterization of a novel anti-tumor glycoprotein from cultured mycelia of Grifola frondosa. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 62:684-690. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Antigenotoxic and anticlastogenic potential of Agaricus bisporus against MMS induced toxicity in human lymphocyte cultures and in bone marrow cells of mice. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Hivrale AU, Ingale AG. Plant as a plenteous reserve of lectin. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2013; 8:e26595. [PMID: 24084524 PMCID: PMC4091380 DOI: 10.4161/psb.26595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Lectins are clusters of glycoproteins of nonimmune foundation that combine specifically and reversibly to carbohydrates, mainly the sugar moiety of glycoconjugates, resulting in cell agglutination and precipitation of glycoconjugates. They are universally distributed in nature, being established in plants, fungi, viruses, bacteria, crustacea, insects, and animals, but leguminacae plants are rich source of lectins. The present review reveals the structure, biological properties, and application of plant lectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- AU Hivrale
- Department of Biotechnology; School of Life Sciences; North Maharashtra University; Jalgaon, India
| | - AG Ingale
- Department of Biotechnology; School of Life Sciences; North Maharashtra University; Jalgaon, India
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Liu Q, Ng T, Wang H. Isolation and characterization of a novel lectin from the wild mushroom Oudemansiella radicata (Relhan.: Fr.) sing. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-012-0699-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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34
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Zhu M, Xu L, Chen X, Ma Z, Wang H, Ng TB. A novel ribonuclease with HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory activity from the edible mushroom Hygrophorus russula. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 170:219-30. [PMID: 23494217 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0180-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A 28-kDa ribonuclease, with an optimum pH of 4.0 and an optimum temperature at 58 °C, was isolated from fruiting bodies of the edible mushroom Hygrophorus russula. It was purified by ion exchange chromatography on carboxymethyl-cellulose, dithyaminoethyl-cellulose, quaternary amine-sepharose and sulphopropyl-sepharose, followed by fast protein liquid chromatography gel filtration on Superdex 75. The N-terminal amino acid sequence was ASAGG which showed homology to those of other fungal RNases to some degree. It exerted the highest RNase activity on poly C and poly U. The Michaelis constant (K(m)) value of the RNase on yeast tRNA was 3.6 μM, and the maximal velocity (V(max)) was 0.6 μM. The RNase activity was suppressed by some ions including Fe(2+) and Zn(2+) ions. The RNase inhibited the activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase with an IC(50) of 4.64 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Nascimento KS, Cunha AI, Nascimento KS, Cavada BS, Azevedo AM, Aires-Barros MR. An overview of lectins purification strategies. J Mol Recognit 2012; 25:527-41. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelany S. Nascimento
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (IBB), Centre for Biological and Chemical Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico; Technical University of Lisbon; Av. Rovisco Pais; 1049-001; Lisbon; Portugal
| | - Ana I. Cunha
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (IBB), Centre for Biological and Chemical Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico; Technical University of Lisbon; Av. Rovisco Pais; 1049-001; Lisbon; Portugal
| | - Kyria S. Nascimento
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department; Federal University of Ceará (UFC); CEP 60.455-970; Fortaleza; Ceará; Brazil
| | - Benildo S. Cavada
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department; Federal University of Ceará (UFC); CEP 60.455-970; Fortaleza; Ceará; Brazil
| | - Ana M. Azevedo
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (IBB), Centre for Biological and Chemical Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico; Technical University of Lisbon; Av. Rovisco Pais; 1049-001; Lisbon; Portugal
| | - Maria Raquel Aires-Barros
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (IBB), Centre for Biological and Chemical Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico; Technical University of Lisbon; Av. Rovisco Pais; 1049-001; Lisbon; Portugal
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A novel aspartic protease with HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory activity from fresh fruiting bodies of the wild mushroom Xylaria hypoxylon. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:728975. [PMID: 22675256 PMCID: PMC3362951 DOI: 10.1155/2012/728975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 03/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel aspartic protease with HIV-1 RT inhibitory activity was isolated and characterized from fruiting bodies of the wild mushroom Xylaria hypoxylon. The purification protocol comprised distilled water homogenization and extraction step, three ion exchange chromatographic steps (on DEAE-cellulose, Q-Sepharose, and CM-cellulose in succession), and final purification was by FPLC on Superdex 75. The protease was adsorbed on all the three ion exchangers. It was a monomeric protein with a molecular mass of 43 kDa as estimated by SDS-PAGE and FPLC. Its N-terminal amino acid sequence was HYTELLSQVV, which exhibited no sequence homology to other proteases reported. The activity of the protease was adversely affected by Pepstatin A, indicating that it is an aspartic protease. The protease activity was maximal or nearly so in the pH range 6–8 and in the temperature range 35–60°C. The purified enzyme exhibited HIV-1 RT inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 8.3 μM, but was devoid of antifungal, ribonuclease, and hemagglutinating activities.
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Patel S, Goyal A. Recent developments in mushrooms as anti-cancer therapeutics: a review. 3 Biotech 2012; 2:1-15. [PMID: 22582152 PMCID: PMC3339609 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-011-0036-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
From time immemorial, mushrooms have been valued by humankind as a culinary wonder and folk medicine in Oriental practice. The last decade has witnessed the overwhelming interest of western research fraternity in pharmaceutical potential of mushrooms. The chief medicinal uses of mushrooms discovered so far are as anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, hypocholesterolemic, anti-tumor, anti-cancer, immunomodulatory, anti-allergic, nephroprotective, and anti-microbial agents. The mushrooms credited with success against cancer belong to the genus Phellinus, Pleurotus, Agaricus, Ganoderma, Clitocybe, Antrodia, Trametes, Cordyceps, Xerocomus, Calvatia, Schizophyllum, Flammulina, Suillus, Inonotus, Inocybe, Funlia, Lactarius, Albatrellus, Russula, and Fomes. The anti-cancer compounds play crucial role as reactive oxygen species inducer, mitotic kinase inhibitor, anti-mitotic, angiogenesis inhibitor, topoisomerase inhibitor, leading to apoptosis, and eventually checking cancer proliferation. The present review updates the recent findings on the pharmacologically active compounds, their anti-tumor potential, and underlying mechanism of biological action in order to raise awareness for further investigations to develop cancer therapeutics from mushrooms. The mounting evidences from various research groups across the globe, regarding anti-tumor application of mushroom extracts unarguably make it a fast-track research area worth mass attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Patel
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, 144402 Punjab India
| | - Arun Goyal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039 Assam India
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39
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Arora P, Dilbaghi N, Chaudhury A. Opportunistic invasive fungal pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina prognosis from immunocompromised humans to potential mitogenic RBL with an exceptional and novel antitumor and cytotoxic effect. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 31:101-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-011-1275-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zhao JK, Zhao YC, Li SH, Wang HX, Ng TB. Isolation and characterization of a novel thermostable lectin from the wild edible mushroom Agaricus arvensis. J Basic Microbiol 2011; 51:304-11. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201000267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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41
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Martin KR, Brophy SK. Commonly consumed and specialty dietary mushrooms reduce cellular proliferation in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2010; 235:1306-14. [DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2010.010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, over one million women will be newly diagnosed with breast cancer in the next year. Moreover, breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in the USA. An accumulating body of evidence suggests that consumption of dietary mushrooms can protect against breast cancer. In this study, we tested and compared the ability of five commonly consumed or specialty mushrooms to modulate cell number balance in the cancer process using MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Hot water extracts (80°C for 2 h) of maitake (MT, Grifola frondosa), crimini (CRIM, Agaricus bisporus), portabella (PORT, Agaricus bisporus), oyster (OYS, Pleurotus ostreatus) and white button (WB, Agaricus bisporus) mushrooms or water alone (5% v/v) were incubated for 24 h with MCF-7 cells. Cellular proliferation determined by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation was significantly ( P < 0.05) reduced up to 33% by all mushrooms, with MT and OYS being the most effective. MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) reduction, an often used mitochondrion-dependent marker of proliferation, was unchanged although decreased ( P > 0.05) by 15% with OYS extract. Lactate dehydrogenase release, as a marker of necrosis, was significantly increased after incubation with MT but not with other test mushrooms. Furthermore, MT extract significantly increased apoptosis, or programmed cell death, as determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl end labeling method, whereas other test mushrooms displayed trends of ∼15%. The total numbers of cells per flask, determined by hemacytometry, were not different from control cultures. Overall, all test mushrooms significantly suppressed cellular proliferation, with MT further significantly inducing apoptosis and cytotoxicity in human breast cancer cells. This suggests that both common and specialty mushrooms may be chemoprotective against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith R Martin
- Nutrition Program, Healthy Lifestyles Research Center, Arizona State University, 6950 East Williams Field Road, Mesa, AZ 85212, USA
| | - Sara K Brophy
- Nutrition Program, Healthy Lifestyles Research Center, Arizona State University, 6950 East Williams Field Road, Mesa, AZ 85212, USA
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Lam SK, Ng TB. Lectins: production and practical applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 89:45-55. [PMID: 20890754 PMCID: PMC3016214 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2892-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2010] [Revised: 09/12/2010] [Accepted: 09/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lectins are proteins found in a diversity of organisms. They possess the ability to agglutinate erythrocytes with known carbohydrate specificity since they have at least one non-catalytic domain that binds reversibly to specific monosaccharides or oligosaccharides. This articles aims to review the production and practical applications of lectins. Lectins are isolated from their natural sources by chromatographic procedures or produced by recombinant DNA technology. The yields of animal lectins are usually low compared with the yields of plant lectins such as legume lectins. Lectins manifest a diversity of activities including antitumor, immunomodulatory, antifungal, HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory, and anti-insect activities, which may find practical applications. A small number of lectins demonstrate antibacterial and anti-nematode activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Kwan Lam
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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Singh RS, Bhari R, Kaur HP. Mushroom lectins: current status and future perspectives. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2010; 30:99-126. [PMID: 20105049 DOI: 10.3109/07388550903365048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Lectins are nonimmune proteins or glycoproteins that bind specifically to cell surface carbohydrates, culminating in cell agglutination. These are known to play key roles in host defense system and also in metastasis. Many new sources have been explored for the occurrence of lectins during the last few years. Numerous novel lectins with unique specificities and exploitable properties have been discovered. Mushrooms have attracted a number of researchers in food and pharmaceuticals. Many species have long been used in traditional Chinese medicines or functional foods in Japan and other Asian countries. A number of bioactive constituents have been isolated from mushrooms including polysaccharides, polysaccharopeptides, polysaccharide-protein complexes, proteases, ribonucleases, ribosome inactivating proteins, antifungal proteins, immunomodulatory proteins, enzymes, lectins, etc. Mushroom lectins are endowed with mitogenic, antiproliferative, antitumor, antiviral, and immune stimulating potential. In this review, an attempt has been made to collate the information on mushroom lectins, their blood group and sugar specificities, with an emphasis on their biomedical potential and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Sarup Singh
- Carbohydrate and Protein Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India.
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Zhang RY, Zhang GQ, Hu DD, Wang HX, Ng TB. A Novel Ribonuclease with Antiproliferative Activity from Fresh Fruiting Bodies of the Edible Mushroom Lyophyllum shimeiji. Biochem Genet 2010; 48:658-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s10528-010-9347-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2009] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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46
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A potent mitogenic lectin from the mycelia of a phytopathogenic fungus, Rhizoctonia bataticola, with complex sugar specificity and cytotoxic effect on human ovarian cancer cells. Glycoconj J 2010; 27:375-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-010-9285-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Revised: 02/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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47
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Zhao S, Zhao Y, Li S, Zhao J, Zhang G, Wang H, Ng TB. A novel lectin with highly potent antiproliferative and HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory activities from the edible wild mushroom Russula delica. Glycoconj J 2010; 27:259-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-009-9274-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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48
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Zhao Q, Cao X, Zeng B, Wang C, Yan L, Xu C. Musca domestica Larva Lectin Induces Apoptosis in BEL-7402 Cells through a Mitochondria-Mediated Reactive Oxygen Species Way. Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 33:1274-8. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.1274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety and Sanitation, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology
| | - Xiaohong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety and Sanitation, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology
| | - Bin Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety and Sanitation, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology
| | - Chunling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety and Sanitation, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology
| | - Le Yan
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety and Sanitation, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology
| | - Chengjian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety and Sanitation, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology
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Ye XJ, Ng TB. A novel lectin with highly potent antiproliferative and HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory activities from cicada (Cicada flammata). Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 86:1409-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2363-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2009] [Revised: 11/09/2009] [Accepted: 11/11/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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