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Baer MM, Godwin CM, Johengen TH. The effect of single versus dual nutrient decreases on phytoplankton growth rates, community composition, and Microcystin concentration in the western basin of Lake Erie. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 123:102382. [PMID: 36894205 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The primary management strategy for minimizing harmful algal blooms (HABs) in Lake Erie has been to reduce springtime loading of phosphorus (P) to the lake. However, some studies have shown that the growth rate and toxin content for the HABs-causing cyanobacterium Microcystis also respond to the availability of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (N). This evidence is based on both observational studies that correlate bloom development with changes in N forms and concentrations in the lake, and experiments in which P and/or N are added at concentrations in excess of those present in the lake. The goal of this study was to determine whether a combined decrease in N and P concentrations from ambient levels in Lake Erie could limit the development of HABs more than a reduction in P concentration only. To directly test the impact of P-only versus dual N and P concentration decreases on phytoplankton in the western basin of Lake Erie, we evaluated changes in growth rate, community composition, and microcystin (MC) concentration through eight bioassay experiments performed from June through October 2018, which encompassed the normal Lake Erie Microcystis-dominated HAB season. Our results showed that during the first five experiments covering June 25 to August 13, the P-only and the dual N and P decrease treatments had similar effects. However, when ambient N became scarce later in the season, the N and P decrease treatments resulted in negative growth rates for cyanobacteria, whereas -P only decreases did not. During low ambient N conditions, dual nutrient decreases lowered the prevalence of cyanobacteria among the total phytoplankton community and decreased microcystin concentrations. The results presented here complement previous experimental work on Lake Erie and suggest that dual nutrient control could be an effective management strategy to decrease microcystin production during the bloom and even possibly diminish or shorten the duration of the bloom based on creating nutrient limiting conditions sooner in the HAB growing season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikayla M Baer
- Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research, School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan
| | - Casey M Godwin
- Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research, School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan.
| | - Thomas H Johengen
- Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research, School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan; Michigan Sea Grant, School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan
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2
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Maltseva S, Kezlya E, Krivova Z, Gusev E, Kulikovskiy M, Maltsev Y. Phylogeny and fatty acid profiles of Aliinostoc vietnamicum sp. nov. (cyanobacteria) from the soils of Vietnam. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2022; 58:789-803. [PMID: 36054495 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A new cyanobacterial species of Aliinostoc, A. vietnamicum sp. nov., is recorded in the tropical forest soil from the Cát Tiên National Park, Vietnam. The analysis is based on morphological characters, 16S rDNA phylogeny, ITS secondary structure, and fatty acid composition analysis. Aliinostoc vietnamicum differed from the other species of the genus by the size and shape of vegetative cells, size of akinetes and heterocytes, and presence of granular polyphosphate inclusions in vegetative cells. The evolutionary distance matrix based on the 16S rRNA gene shared 96.2-98.2% similarities with other Aliinostoc sequences. The phylogeny inferred by maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference placed A. vietnamicum in the Aliinostoc clade, within the Nostocaceae. For the first time, fatty acid composition analysis was obtained for a member of the genus Aliinostoc with cultivation time experiments. α-linolenic (27.54-37.75%), palmitic (13.87-22.65%), and stearic (10.08-20.27%) acids were the dominant fatty acids when cultured during the exponential growth phase, as well as during stationary. This is the first finding of a strain with such a high content of stearic acid among cyanobacteria with Nostoc-like morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Maltseva
- К.А. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Elena Kezlya
- К.А. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Zinaida Krivova
- К.А. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Evgeniy Gusev
- К.А. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, Moscow, 127276, Russia
- Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Centre, 63 Nguyen Van Huyen, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Maxim Kulikovskiy
- К.А. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Yevhen Maltsev
- К.А. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, Moscow, 127276, Russia
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3
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Kesari V, Kumar S, Yadav I, Chatterjee A, Rai S, Pandey S. Ganga river water quality assessment using combined approaches: physico-chemical parameters and cyanobacterial toxicity detection with special reference to microcystins and molecular characterization of microcystin synthetase (mcy) genes carrying cyanobacteria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:13122-13140. [PMID: 34570320 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16589-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water quality assessment relies mostly on physico-chemical-based characterization; however, eutrophication and climate change advocate the abundance of toxic microcystins (MCs) producing cyanobacteria as emerging bio-indicator. In the present study, a spatial-temporal analysis was carried out at ten sampling sites of Prayagraj and Varanasi during June 2017 and March 2018 to determine the Ganga River water quality using physico-chemical parameters, cyanobacteria diversity, detection of MCs producing strains and MC-LR equivalence. Coliform bacteria, COD, NO3-N, and phosphate are the significant contaminated parameters favoring the growth of putative MCs producing cyanobacteria. National Sanitation Foundation WQI (NSFWQI) indicates water quality, either bad or medium category at sampling points. The morphological analysis confirms the occurrence of diverse cyanobacterial genera such as Microcystis, Anabaena, Oscillatoria, and Phormidium. PCR amplification affirmed the presence of toxic microcystin (mcy) genes in uncultured cyanobacteria at all the sampling sites. The concentration of MC-LR equivalence in water samples by protein phosphatase 1 inhibition assay (PPIA) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods was observed in the range of 23.4-172 ng/L and 13.2-97.5 ng/L respectively which is lower than the harmful exposure limit by World Health Organization (WHO). Ganga isolate 1 was identified as Microcystis based on partial 16S rDNA sequence and its toxicity was confirmed due to presence of mcy genes and MCs production potential. These findings suggest the presence of MCs producers as new emerging parameter to monitor water quality index and identification up to species level will be valuable for restoration strategies of river Ganga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vigya Kesari
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, U.P, India
| | - Indrajeet Yadav
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, U.P, India
| | - Antra Chatterjee
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Shweta Rai
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
- Department of Botany, Braj Mohan Das College (B.R. Ambedkar Bihar University), Vaishali, Bihar, India
| | - Shraddha Pandey
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
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4
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Algal Toxic Compounds and Their Aeroterrestrial, Airborne and other Extremophilic Producers with Attention to Soil and Plant Contamination: A Review. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13050322. [PMID: 33946968 PMCID: PMC8145420 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13050322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The review summarizes the available knowledge on toxins and their producers from rather disparate algal assemblages of aeroterrestrial, airborne and other versatile extreme environments (hot springs, deserts, ice, snow, caves, etc.) and on phycotoxins as contaminants of emergent concern in soil and plants. There is a growing body of evidence that algal toxins and their producers occur in all general types of extreme habitats, and cyanobacteria/cyanoprokaryotes dominate in most of them. Altogether, 55 toxigenic algal genera (47 cyanoprokaryotes) were enlisted, and our analysis showed that besides the “standard” toxins, routinely known from different waterbodies (microcystins, nodularins, anatoxins, saxitoxins, cylindrospermopsins, BMAA, etc.), they can produce some specific toxic compounds. Whether the toxic biomolecules are related with the harsh conditions on which algae have to thrive and what is their functional role may be answered by future studies. Therefore, we outline the gaps in knowledge and provide ideas for further research, considering, from one side, the health risk from phycotoxins on the background of the global warming and eutrophication and, from the other side, the current surge of interest which phycotoxins provoke due to their potential as novel compounds in medicine, pharmacy, cosmetics, bioremediation, agriculture and all aspects of biotechnological implications in human life.
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5
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Singh P, Šnokhousová J, Saraf A, Suradkar A, Elster J. Phylogenetic evaluation of the genus Nostoc and description of Nostoc neudorfense sp. nov., from the Czech Republic. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:2740-2749. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacterial strain ARC8 was isolated from seepage coming into the river Dračice, Františkov, Czech Republic, and was characterized using a polyphasic approach. Strain ARC8 showed a typical
Nostoc
-like morphology and in-depth morphological characterization indicated that it is a member of the genus
Nostoc
. Furthermore, in the 16S rRNA gene phylogeny inferred using Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood and neighbour joining methods, strain ARC8 clustered within the Nostoc sensu stricto clade. The phylogenetic distance and the positioning of strain ARC8 also indicated that it is a member of the genus
Nostoc
. Furthermore, the rbcL gene phylogeny along with the 16S–23S ITS secondary structure analysis also supported the findings from the 16S rRNA gene tree. In accordance with the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi and Plants we describe a novel species of
Nostoc
with the name Nostoc neudorfense sp. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Singh
- National Centre for Microbial Resource (NCMR), National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, India
- Laboratory of Cyanobacterial Systematics and Stress Biology, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Jana Šnokhousová
- Phycology Centre, Institute of Botany, Academy of Science CR, Třeboň, Czechia
| | - Aniket Saraf
- Ramniranjan Jhunjhunwala College, Ghatkopar, Mumbai, India
- National Centre for Microbial Resource (NCMR), National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, India
| | - Archana Suradkar
- National Centre for Microbial Resource (NCMR), National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, India
| | - Josef Elster
- Phycology Centre, Institute of Botany, Academy of Science CR, Třeboň, Czechia
- Centre for Polar Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia
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6
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Gkelis S, Panou M, Konstantinou D, Apostolidis P, Kasampali A, Papadimitriou S, Kati D, Di Lorenzo GM, Ioakeim S, Zervou SK, Christophoridis C, Triantis TM, Kaloudis T, Hiskia A, Arsenakis M. Diversity, Cyanotoxin Production, and Bioactivities of Cyanobacteria Isolated from Freshwaters of Greece. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11080436. [PMID: 31349572 PMCID: PMC6723990 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11080436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are a diverse group of photosynthetic Gram-negative bacteria that produce an array of secondary compounds with selective bioactivity against a broad spectrum of organisms and cell lines. In this study, 29 strains isolated from freshwaters in Greece were classified using a polyphasic approach and assigned to Chroococcales, Synechococcales, and Nostocales, representing 11 genera and 17 taxa. There were good agreements between 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA)-cpcBA-internal genetic spacer (IGS) characterization and morphological features, except for the Jaaginema-Limnothrix group which appears intermixed and needs further elucidation. Methanol extracts of the strains were analyzed for cyanotoxin production and tested against pathogenic bacteria species and several cancer cell lines. We report for the first time a Nostoc oryzae strain isolated from rice fields capable of producing microcystins (MCs) and a Chlorogloeopsis fritschii strain isolated from the plankton of a lake, suggesting that this species may also occur in freshwater temperate habitats. Strains with very high or identical 16S rRNA gene sequences displayed different antibacterial and cytotoxic activities. Extracts from Synechococcus cf. nidulans showed the most potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, whereas Jaaginema sp. strains exhibited potent cytotoxic activities against human colorectal adenocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Jaaginema Thessaloniki Aristotle University Microalgae and Cyanobacteria (TAU-MAC) 0110 and 0210 strains caused pronounced changes in the actin network and triggered the formation of numerous lipid droplets in hepatocellular carcinoma and green monkey kidney cells, suggesting oxidative stress and/or mitochondrial damage leading to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyros Gkelis
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Manthos Panou
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Despoina Konstantinou
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Apostolidis
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonia Kasampali
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sofia Papadimitriou
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dominiki Kati
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Giorgia Maria Di Lorenzo
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stamatia Ioakeim
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sevasti-Kiriaki Zervou
- Laboratory of Photo-Catalytic Processes and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Patriarchou Grigoriou & Neapoleos, Agia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece
| | - Christophoros Christophoridis
- Laboratory of Photo-Catalytic Processes and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Patriarchou Grigoriou & Neapoleos, Agia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros M Triantis
- Laboratory of Photo-Catalytic Processes and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Patriarchou Grigoriou & Neapoleos, Agia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece
| | - Triantafyllos Kaloudis
- Laboratory of Photo-Catalytic Processes and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Patriarchou Grigoriou & Neapoleos, Agia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Hiskia
- Laboratory of Photo-Catalytic Processes and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Patriarchou Grigoriou & Neapoleos, Agia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece
| | - Minas Arsenakis
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
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7
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Sendall BC, McGregor GB. Cryptic diversity within the Scytonema complex: Characterization of the paralytic shellfish toxin producer Heterosyctonema crispum, and the establishment of the family Heteroscytonemataceae (Cyanobacteria/Nostocales). HARMFUL ALGAE 2018; 80:158-170. [PMID: 30502809 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Strains of the freshwater filamentous, benthic cyanobacterium Scytonema crispum Agardh isolated from six sites in subtropical south-east Queensland were characterised using a combination of phenotypic and genetic traits. Morphologically, the strains were consistent with the description of Scytonemataceae sensu stricto, and the description of Scytonema crispum. However, phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, the 16S-23S rRNA operon, and the nifH gene revealed that these strains and three others from outside Australia formed a monophyletic clade distinct from Scytonema and other species in the Scytonemataceae. Collectively, this data suggests this group is sufficiently evolutionarily distinct to be placed in a new family, Heteroscytonemataceae fam. nov. Accordingly, the taxon previously known as S. crispum has been transferred to a new genus Heteroscytonema gen nov., as H. crispum. Some strains of H. crispum exhibited facultative production of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs). The concentration of PSTs produced by individual strains varied widely, from 2.7 μg g-1 to 171.3 μg g-1, and included C toxins, decarbamoyl saxitoxin (dcSTX), gonyautoxins (GTX2, GTX3 and GTX5), saxitoxin (STX) and uncharacterised PSTs. The majority of the Australian strains produced dcSTX as the dominant saxitoxin analogue, a significant finding given that dcSTX has approximately half the relative toxicity of STX. The PST profile varied within and between Australian strains of H. crispum and in strains collected from New Zealand and the United States. The sxtA gene, one of the determinants for the production of PSTs, was present in all strains in which PSTs were detected. The discovery of PST-producing H. crispum in the headwaters of a major drinking water reservoir presents a serious risk for potential human and animal exposure to these neurotoxic compounds and further highlights the importance of monitoring benthic cyanobacteria populations for potentially toxigenic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara C Sendall
- Queensland Department of Health, Forensic and Scientific Services, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Qld 4108, Australia.
| | - Glenn B McGregor
- Queensland Department of Environment and Science, GPO Box 5078 Brisbane Qld 4001, Australia
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8
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Kust A, Urajová P, Hrouzek P, Vu DL, Čapková K, Štenclová L, Řeháková K, Kozlíková-Zapomělová E, Lepšová-Skácelová O, Lukešová A, Mareš J. A new microcystin producing Nostoc strain discovered in broad toxicological screening of non-planktic Nostocaceae (cyanobacteria). Toxicon 2018; 150:66-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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9
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Abu-Serie MM, Nasser N, Abd El-Wahab A, Shehawy R, Pienaar H, Baddour N, Amer R. In vivo assessment of the hepatotoxicity of a new Nostoc isolate from the Nile River: Nostoc sp. strain NRI. Toxicon 2018; 143:81-89. [PMID: 29366868 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Nostoc sp. is one of the most widely distributed cyanobacterial genera that produce potentially protein phosphatase (PP) inhibitor; microcystins (MCs). MCs have posed a worldwide concern due to predominant hepatotoxicity to human health. We have previously isolated a Nostoc strain (NR1) from the Nile River (the main water supply in Egypt) and this strain exerted production of rare and highly toxic MC; demethylated microcystin-LR. There is no data concerning risk factors of liver diseases for human and animal exposure to NR1-contaminated drinking water yet. It is thus important to evaluate acute (LD50 dose), subacute (0.01% and 10% of LD50 dose) and subchronic (0.01% and 10% of LD50 dose) hepatotoxicity's NR1 extract using experimental mice. Mice groups, who orally received 0.01% LD50, represented a permissible concentration of the World Health Organization (WHO) for MC in drinking water. Several parameters were detected, including hepatotoxicity (i.e. PP activity, liver function, oxidative stress markers and DNA fragmentation), pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) and liver histopathology. Our results demonstrated LD50 of NR1 extract was at 15,350 mg/kg body weight and caused hepatotoxicity that attributed to PP inhibition and a significant increase of hepatic damage biomarkers with lipid accumulation. Moreover, NR1 extract induced hepatic oxidative damage that may have led to DNA fragmentation and production of TNF-α. As demonstrated from the histopathological study, NR1 extract caused a severe collapse of cytoskeleton with subsequent focal degeneration of hepatocytes, necroinflammation and steatosis. The grade of hepatotoxicity in subacute (10% of LD50) group was higher than that in the subchronic (10% of LD50 and 0.01% of LD50, WHOch, respectively) groups. No significant hepatotoxicity was detectable for subacute (0.01% of LD50, WHOac) group. NR1 is therefore considered as one of the harmful and life-threatening cyanobacteria for Egyptian people being exposed to dose above WHO guideline. Thus, biological indicators and thresholds for water treatment are extremely needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M Abu-Serie
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El Arab, Egypt.
| | - Nermine Nasser
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El Arab, Egypt.
| | - Abeer Abd El-Wahab
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El Arab, Egypt.
| | - Rehab Shehawy
- Institute IMDEA-Agua, C/Punto Net4, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Harrison Pienaar
- CSIR, Natural Resources and Environment, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | | | - Ranya Amer
- Environment and Natural Materials Research Institute (ENMRI), SRTA-City, New Borg El Arab, Egypt.
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10
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Jokela J, Heinilä LMP, Shishido TK, Wahlsten M, Fewer DP, Fiore MF, Wang H, Haapaniemi E, Permi P, Sivonen K. Production of High Amounts of Hepatotoxin Nodularin and New Protease Inhibitors Pseudospumigins by the Brazilian Benthic Nostoc sp. CENA543. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1963. [PMID: 29062311 PMCID: PMC5640712 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Nostoc is a cyanobacterial genus, common in soils and a prolific producer of natural products. This research project aimed to explore and characterize Brazilian cyanobacteria for new bioactive compounds. Here we report the production of hepatotoxins and new protease inhibitors from benthic Nostoc sp. CENA543 isolated from a small, shallow, saline-alkaline lake in the Nhecolândia, Pantanal wetland area in Brazil. Nostoc sp. CENA543 produces exceptionally high amounts of nodularin-R. This is the first free-living Nostoc that produces nodularin at comparable levels as the toxic, bloom-forming, Nodularia spumigena. We also characterized pseudospumigins A-F, which are a novel family of linear tetrapeptides. Pseudospumigins are structurally related to linear tetrapeptide spumigins and aeruginosins both present in N. spumigena but differ in respect to their diagnostic amino acid, which is Ile/Leu/Val in pseudospumigins, Pro/mPro in spumigins, and Choi in aeruginosins. The pseudospumigin gene cluster is more similar to the spumigin biosynthetic gene cluster than the aeruginosin gene cluster. Pseudospumigin A inhibited trypsin (IC50 4.5 μM after 1 h) in a similar manner as spumigin E from N. spumigena but was almost two orders of magnitude less potent. This study identifies another location and environment where the hepatotoxic nodularin has the potential to cause the death of eukaryotic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jouni Jokela
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lassi M P Heinilä
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tânia K Shishido
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Wahlsten
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - David P Fewer
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marli F Fiore
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Esa Haapaniemi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Perttu Permi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaarina Sivonen
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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11
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Bagchi SN, Dubey N, Singh P. Phylogenetically distant clade of Nostoc-like taxa with the description of Aliinostoc gen. nov. and Aliinostoc morphoplasticum sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:3329-3338. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Suvendra Nath Bagchi
- Department of Biological Science, Rani Durgavati University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh 482001, India
| | - Neelam Dubey
- Department of Biological Science, Rani Durgavati University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh 482001, India
| | - Prashant Singh
- National Centre for Microbial Resource (NCMR) (formerly Microbial Culture Collection, MCC), National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, India
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12
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Genuário DB, Andreote APD, Vaz MGMV, Fiore MF. Heterocyte-forming cyanobacteria from Brazilian saline-alkaline lakes. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2017; 109:105-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Do Nascimento M, Sanchez Rizza L, Arruebarrena Di Palma A, Dublan MDLA, Salerno G, Rubio LM, Curatti L. Cyanobacterial biological nitrogen fixation as a sustainable nitrogen fertilizer for the production of microalgal oil. ALGAL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2015.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Halotia gen. nov., a phylogenetically and physiologically coherent cyanobacterial genus isolated from marine coastal environments. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2015; 65:663-675. [DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.070078-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nostoc
is a common and well-studied genus of cyanobacteria and, according to molecular phylogeny, is a polyphyletic group. Therefore, revisions of this genus are urged in an attempt to clarify its taxonomy. Novel strains isolated from underexplored environments and assigned morphologically to the genus
Nostoc
are not genetically related to the ‘true Nostoc’ group. In this study, four strains isolated from biofilms collected in Antarctica and five strains originated from Brazilian mangroves were evaluated. Despite their morphological similarities to other morphotypes of
Nostoc
, these nine strains differed from other morphotypes in ecological, physiological and genetic aspects. Based on the phylogeny of the 16S rRNA gene, the Antarctic sequences were grouped together with the sequences of the Brazilian mangrove isolates and Nostoc sp. Mollenhauer 1 : 1-067 in a well-supported cluster (74 % bootstrap value, maximum-likelihood). This novel cluster was separated phylogenetically from the ‘true Nostoc’ clade and from the clades of the morphologically similar genera Mojavia and Desmonostoc. The 16S rRNA gene sequences generated in this study exhibited 96 % similarity to sequences from the nostocacean genera mentioned above. Physiologically, these nine strains showed the capacity to grow in a salinity range of 1–10 % NaCl, indicating their tolerance of saline conditions. These results provide support for the description of a new genus, named Halotia gen. nov., which is related morphologically to the genera
Nostoc
, Mojavia and Desmonostoc. Within this new genus, three novel species were recognized and described based on morphology and internal transcribed spacer secondary structures: Halotia branconii sp. nov., Halotia longispora sp. nov. and Halotia wernerae sp. nov., under the provisions of the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi and Plants.
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15
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The genetic basis for O-acetylation of the microcystin toxin in cyanobacteria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 20:861-9. [PMID: 23890004 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2013.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins are a family of cyclic peptide toxins produced by cyanobacteria. They are responsible for the toxicosis and death of wild and domestic animals throughout the world. They display extensive variation in amino acid composition and functional group chemistry. O-acetylated microcystins are frequently produced by free-living and symbiotic strains of the genus Nostoc. Here, we show that the production of acetylated microcystins is catalyzed by an acetyl-coenzyme A-dependent O-acetyltransferase (McyL) encoded in the 57 kb microcystin synthetase gene cluster of Nostoc sp. 152. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrates that McyL belongs to a family of enzymes that inactivate antibiotics through O-acetylation. The McyL enzyme has a relaxed substrate specificity, allowing the preparation of semisynthetic microcystins. This study sheds light on the evolutionary origins and genetic diversity of an important class of enzymes involved in antibiotic resistance.
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16
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Silva CSP, Genuário DB, Vaz MGMV, Fiore MF. Phylogeny of culturable cyanobacteria from Brazilian mangroves. Syst Appl Microbiol 2014; 37:100-12. [PMID: 24461713 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The cyanobacterial community from Brazilian mangrove ecosystems was examined using a culture-dependent method. Fifty cyanobacterial strains were isolated from soil, water and periphytic samples collected from Cardoso Island and Bertioga mangroves using specific cyanobacterial culture media. Unicellular, homocytous and heterocytous morphotypes were recovered, representing five orders, seven families and eight genera (Synechococcus, Cyanobium, Cyanobacterium, Chlorogloea, Leptolyngbya, Phormidium, Nostoc and Microchaete). All of these novel mangrove strains had their 16S rRNA gene sequenced and BLAST analysis revealed sequence identities ranging from 92.5 to 99.7% when they were compared with other strains available in GenBank. The results showed a high variability of the 16S rRNA gene sequences among the genotypes that was not associated with the morphologies observed. Phylogenetic analyses showed several branches formed exclusively by some of these novel 16S rRNA gene sequences. BLAST and phylogeny analyses allowed for the identification of Nodosilinea and Oxynema strains, genera already known to exhibit poor morphological diacritic traits. In addition, several Nostoc and Leptolyngbya morphotypes of the mangrove strains may represent new generic entities, as they were distantly affiliated with true genera clades. The presence of non-ribosomal peptide synthetase, polyketide synthase, microcystin and saxitoxin genes were detected in 20.5%, 100%, 37.5% and 33.3%, respectively, of the 44 tested isolates. A total of 134 organic extracts obtained from 44 strains were tested against microorganisms, and 26% of the extracts showed some antimicrobial activity. This is the first polyphasic study of cultured cyanobacteria from Brazilian mangrove ecosystems using morphological, genetic and biological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Souza Pamplona Silva
- University of São Paulo, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Laboratory of Molecular Ecology of Cyanobacteria, 13400-970 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego Bonaldo Genuário
- University of São Paulo, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Laboratory of Molecular Ecology of Cyanobacteria, 13400-970 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Gomes Marçal Vieira Vaz
- University of São Paulo, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Laboratory of Molecular Ecology of Cyanobacteria, 13400-970 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marli Fátima Fiore
- University of São Paulo, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Laboratory of Molecular Ecology of Cyanobacteria, 13400-970 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Kurmayer R. THE TOXIC CYANOBACTERIUM NOSTOC SP. STRAIN 152 PRODUCES HIGHEST AMOUNTS OF MICROCYSTIN AND NOSTOPHYCIN UNDER STRESS CONDITIONS. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2011; 47:200-207. [PMID: 22723716 PMCID: PMC3378210 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2010.00931.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of how environmental factors regulate toxic secondary metabolite production in cyanobacteria is important to guarantee water quality. Very little is known on the regulation of toxic secondary metabolite production in benthic cyanobacteria. In this study the physiological regulation of the production of the toxic heptapeptide microcystin (MC) and the non-toxic related peptide nostophycin (NP) in the benthic cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. strain 152 was studied under contrasting environmental conditions. I used a 2(k) levels factorial design, where k is the number of four factors that have been tested: Reduction in temperature (20 vs. 12°C), irradiance (50 vs. 1 μmol · m(-2) · s(-1)), P-PO(4) (144 vs. 0.14 μM P-PO(4)), N-NO(3) (5.88 mM vs. N-NO(3) free). While the growth rate was reduced more than hundred fold under most severe conditions of temperature, irradiance, and phosphate reduction the production of MC and NP never ceased. The MC and NP contents per cell varied at maximum 5- and 10.6-fold each, however the physiological variation did not outweigh the highly significant linear relationship between the daily cell division rate and the MC and NP net production rates. Surprisingly the MC and NP contents per cell showed a maximum under P-PO(4) reduced and irradiance reduced conditions. Both intra- and extracellular MC and NP concentrations were negatively related to P-PO(4) and irradiance. It is concluded that the proximate factor behind maximal cellular MC and NP contents is physiological stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Kurmayer
- Austrian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Limnology, Mondseestrasse 9, 5310 Mondsee, Austria
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