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Guedes MR, de Noronha SISR, Chírico MTT, da Costa GDC, de Freitas Castro T, de Brito RCF, Vieira LG, Reis TO, Ribeiro MC, Reis AB, Carneiro CM, Bezerra FS, Montano N, da Silva VJD, de Menezes RCA, Chianca-Jr DA, Silva FCDS. Ivabradine restores tonic cardiovascular autonomic control and reduces tachycardia, hypertension and left ventricular inflammation in post-weaning protein malnourished rats. Life Sci 2024; 346:122636. [PMID: 38614307 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Malnutrition results in autonomic imbalance and heart hypertrophy. Overexpression of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (HCN) in the left ventricles (LV) is linked to hypertrophied hearts and abnormal myocardium automaticity. Given that ivabradine (IVA) has emerging pleiotropic effects, in addition to the widely known bradycardic response, this study evaluated if IVA treatment could repair the autonomic control and cardiac damages in malnourished rats. AIM Assess the impact of IVA on tonic cardiovascular autonomic control and its relationship with hemodynamics regulation, LV inflammation, and HCN gene expression in post-weaning protein malnutrition condition. MAIN METHODS After weaning, male rats were divided into control (CG; 22 % protein) and malnourished (MG; 6 % protein) groups. At 35 days, groups were subdivided into CG-PBS, CG-IVA, MG-PBS and MG-IVA (PBS 1 ml/kg or IVA 1 mg/kg) received during 8 days. We performed jugular vein cannulation and electrode implant for drug delivery and ECG registration to assess tonic cardiovascular autonomic control; femoral cannulation for blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) assessment; and LV collection to evaluate ventricular remodeling and HCN gene expression investigation. KEY FINDINGS Malnutrition induced BP and HR increases, sympathetic system dominance, and LV remodeling without affecting HCN gene expression. IVA reversed the cardiovascular autonomic imbalance; prevented hypertension and tachycardia; and inhibited the LV inflammatory process and fiber thickening caused by malnutrition. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest that ivabradine protects against malnutrition-mediated cardiovascular damage. Moreover, our results propose these effects were not attributed to HCN expression changes, but rather to IVA pleiotropic effects on autonomic control and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Reis Guedes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Sylvana Izaura Salyba Rendeiro de Noronha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Máira Tereza Talma Chírico
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela Dias Carvalho da Costa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Thalles de Freitas Castro
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Rory Cristiane Fortes de Brito
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Gabriel Vieira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Thayane Oliveira Reis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Carlos Ribeiro
- Statistics Department, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Barbosa Reis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Cláudia Martins Carneiro
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Frank Silva Bezerra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Nicola Montano
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, IRCCS Ca' Granda Foundation, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Valdo José Dias da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Physiology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Cunha Alvim de Menezes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Deoclécio Alves Chianca-Jr
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Cacilda Dos Santos Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
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Lemos MDP, Mota GRD, Marocolo M, Sordi CCD, Chriguer RS, Barbosa Neto O. Exercise Training Attenuates Sympathetic Activity and Improves Morphometry of Splenic Arterioles in Spontaneously Hipertensive Rats. Arq Bras Cardiol 2018; 110:263-269. [PMID: 29694556 PMCID: PMC5898777 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20180053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alterations in the structure of resistance vessels contribute to elevated
systemic vascular resistance in hypertension and are linked to sympathetic
hyperactivity and related lesions in target organs. Objective To assess the effects of exercise training on hemodynamic and autonomic
parameters, as well as splenic arteriolar damages in male Wistar Kyoto (WKY)
and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR). Methods Normotensive sedentary (WKYS) and trained (WKYT) rats,
and hypertensive sedentary (SHRS) and trained (SHRT)
rats were included in this study. After 9 weeks of experimental protocol
(swimming training or sedentary control), arterial pressure (AP) and heart
rate (HR) were recorded in freely moving rats. We assessed the autonomic
control of the heart by sympathetic and vagal autonomic blockade.
Morphometric analyses of arterioles were performed in spleen tissues. The
statistical significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results Resting bradycardia was observed in both trained groups (WKYT:
328.0 ± 7.3 bpm; SHRT: 337.0 ± 5.2 bpm) compared
with their respective sedentary groups (WKYS: 353.2 ± 8.5
bpm; SHRS: 412.1 ± 10.4 bpm; p < 0.001). Exercise
training attenuated mean AP only in SHRT (125.9 ± 6.2
mmHg) vs. SHRS (182.5 ± 4.2 mmHg, p < 0.001). The
WKYT showed a higher vagal effect (∆HR: 79.0 ± 2.3
bpm) compared with WKYS (∆HR: 67.4 ± 1.7 bpm; p <
0.05). Chronic exercise decreased sympathetic effects on SHRT
(∆HR: -62.8 ± 2.8 bpm) in comparison with SHRS (∆HR: -99.8
± 9.2 bpm; p = 0.005). The wall thickness of splenic arterioles in
SHR was reduced by training (332.1 ± 16.0 µm2 in
SHRT vs. 502.7 ± 36.3 µm2 in
SHRS; p < 0.05). Conclusions Exercise training attenuates sympathetic activity and AP in SHR, which may be
contributing to the morphological improvement of the splenic arterioles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Moacir Marocolo
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
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Silva FC, Paiva FA, Müller-Ribeiro FC, Caldeira HMA, Fontes MAP, de Menezes RCA, Casali KR, Fortes GH, Tobaldini E, Solbiati M, Montano N, Dias Da Silva VJ, Chianca DA. Chronic Treatment with Ivabradine Does Not Affect Cardiovascular Autonomic Control in Rats. Front Physiol 2016; 7:305. [PMID: 27507948 PMCID: PMC4960883 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A low resting heart rate (HR) would be of great benefit in cardiovascular diseases. Ivabradine—a novel selective inhibitor of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide gated (HCN) channels- has emerged as a promising HR lowering drug. Its effects on the autonomic HR control are little known. This study assessed the effects of chronic treatment with ivabradine on the modulatory, reflex and tonic cardiovascular autonomic control and on the renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA). Male Wistar rats were divided in 2 groups, receiving intraperitoneal injections of vehicle (VEH) or ivabradine (IVA) during 7 or 8 consecutive days. Rats were submitted to vessels cannulation to perform arterial blood pressure (AP) and HR recordings in freely moving rats. Time series of resting pulse interval and systolic AP were used to measure cardiovascular variability parameters. We also assessed the baroreflex, chemoreflex and the Bezold-Jarish reflex sensitivities. To better evaluate the effects of ivabradine on the autonomic control of the heart, we performed sympathetic and vagal autonomic blockade. As expected, ivabradine-treated rats showed a lower resting (VEH: 362 ± 16 bpm vs. IVA: 260 ± 14 bpm, p = 0.0005) and intrinsic HR (VEH: 369 ± 9 bpm vs. IVA: 326 ± 11 bpm, p = 0.0146). However, the chronic treatment with ivabradine did not change normalized HR spectral parameters LF (nu) (VEH: 24.2 ± 4.6 vs. IVA: 29.8 ± 6.4; p > 0.05); HF (nu) (VEH: 75.1 ± 3.7 vs. IVA: 69.2 ± 5.8; p > 0.05), any cardiovascular reflexes, neither the tonic autonomic control of the HR (tonic sympathovagal index; VEH: 0.91± 0.02 vs. IVA: 0.88 ± 0.03, p = 0.3494). We performed the AP, HR and RSNA recordings in urethane-anesthetized rats. The chronic treatment with ivabradine reduced the resting HR (VEH: 364 ± 12 bpm vs. IVA: 207 ± 11 bpm, p < 0.0001), without affecting RSNA (VEH: 117 ± 16 vs. IVA: 120 ± 9 spikes/s, p = 0.9100) and mean arterial pressure (VEH: 70 ± 4 vs. IVA: 77 ± 6 mmHg, p = 0.3293). Our results suggest that, in health rats, the long-term treatment with ivabradine directly reduces the HR without changing the RSNA modulation and the reflex and tonic autonomic control of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda C Silva
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro PretoOuro Preto, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro PretoOuro Preto, Brazil
| | - Franciny A Paiva
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro PretoOuro Preto, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro PretoOuro Preto, Brazil
| | - Flávia C Müller-Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Hypertension, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Henrique M A Caldeira
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Marco A P Fontes
- Laboratory of Hypertension, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo C A de Menezes
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro PretoOuro Preto, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro PretoOuro Preto, Brazil
| | - Karina R Casali
- Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | | | - Eleonora Tobaldini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, IRCCS Ca' Granda Foundation, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Solbiati
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, IRCCS Ca' Granda Foundation, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Montano
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, IRCCS Ca' Granda Foundation, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan Milan, Italy
| | - Valdo J Dias Da Silva
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Deoclécio A Chianca
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro PretoOuro Preto, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro PretoOuro Preto, Brazil
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Silva FC, de Menezes RC, Chianca DA. The implication of protein malnutrition on cardiovascular control systems in rats. Front Physiol 2015; 6:246. [PMID: 26388783 PMCID: PMC4557349 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The malnutrition in early life is associated with metabolic changes and cardiovascular impairment in adulthood. Deficient protein intake-mediated hypertension has been observed in clinical and experimental studies. In rats, protein malnutrition also increases the blood pressure and enhances heart rate and sympathetic activity. In this review, we discuss the effects of post-weaning protein malnutrition on the resting mean arterial pressure and heart rate and their variabilities, cardiovascular reflexes sensitivity, cardiac autonomic balance, sympathetic and renin-angiotensin activities and neural plasticity during adult life. These insights reveal an interesting prospect on the autonomic modulation underlying the cardiovascular imbalance and provide relevant information on preventing cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda C Silva
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto Ouro Preto, Brazil ; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo C de Menezes
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto Ouro Preto, Brazil ; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Deoclécio A Chianca
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto Ouro Preto, Brazil ; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto Ouro Preto, Brazil
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