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Serrath SN, Pontes AS, Paloschi MV, Silva MDS, Lopes JA, Boeno CN, Silva CP, Santana HM, Cardozo DG, Ugarte AVE, Magalhães JGS, Cruz LF, Setubal SS, Soares AM, Cavecci-Mendonça B, Santos LD, Zuliani JP. Exosome Liberation by Human Neutrophils under L-Amino Acid Oxidase of Calloselasma rhodostoma Venom Action. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:625. [PMID: 37999488 PMCID: PMC10674320 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15110625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
L-Amino acid oxidase (LAAO) is an enzyme found in snake venom that has multifaceted effects, including the generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) during oxidative reactions, leading to various biological and pharmacological outcomes such as apoptosis, cytotoxicity, modulation of platelet aggregation, hemorrhage, and neutrophil activation. Human neutrophils respond to LAAO by enhancing chemotaxis, and phagocytosis, and releasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-inflammatory mediators. Exosomes cellular nanovesicles play vital roles in intercellular communication, including immune responses. This study investigates the impact of Calloselasma rhodostoma snake venom-derived LAAO (Cr-LAAO) on human neutrophil exosome release, including activation patterns, exosome formation, and content. Neutrophils isolated from healthy donors were stimulated with Cr-LAAO (100 μg/mL) for 3 h, followed by exosome isolation and analysis. Results show that Cr-LAAO induces the release of exosomes with distinct protein content compared to the negative control. Proteomic analysis reveals proteins related to the regulation of immune responses and blood coagulation. This study uncovers Cr-LAAO's ability to activate human neutrophils, leading to exosome release and facilitating intercellular communication, offering insights into potential therapeutic approaches for inflammatory and immunological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne N. Serrath
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ-Rondônia, Porto Velho 76812-245, RO, Brazil; (S.N.S.); (A.S.P.); (M.V.P.); (M.D.S.S.); (J.A.L.); (C.N.B.); (C.P.S.); (H.M.S.); (D.G.C.); (A.V.E.U.); (J.G.S.M.); (L.F.C.); (S.S.S.)
| | - Adriana S. Pontes
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ-Rondônia, Porto Velho 76812-245, RO, Brazil; (S.N.S.); (A.S.P.); (M.V.P.); (M.D.S.S.); (J.A.L.); (C.N.B.); (C.P.S.); (H.M.S.); (D.G.C.); (A.V.E.U.); (J.G.S.M.); (L.F.C.); (S.S.S.)
| | - Mauro V. Paloschi
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ-Rondônia, Porto Velho 76812-245, RO, Brazil; (S.N.S.); (A.S.P.); (M.V.P.); (M.D.S.S.); (J.A.L.); (C.N.B.); (C.P.S.); (H.M.S.); (D.G.C.); (A.V.E.U.); (J.G.S.M.); (L.F.C.); (S.S.S.)
| | - Milena D. S. Silva
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ-Rondônia, Porto Velho 76812-245, RO, Brazil; (S.N.S.); (A.S.P.); (M.V.P.); (M.D.S.S.); (J.A.L.); (C.N.B.); (C.P.S.); (H.M.S.); (D.G.C.); (A.V.E.U.); (J.G.S.M.); (L.F.C.); (S.S.S.)
| | - Jéssica A. Lopes
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ-Rondônia, Porto Velho 76812-245, RO, Brazil; (S.N.S.); (A.S.P.); (M.V.P.); (M.D.S.S.); (J.A.L.); (C.N.B.); (C.P.S.); (H.M.S.); (D.G.C.); (A.V.E.U.); (J.G.S.M.); (L.F.C.); (S.S.S.)
| | - Charles N. Boeno
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ-Rondônia, Porto Velho 76812-245, RO, Brazil; (S.N.S.); (A.S.P.); (M.V.P.); (M.D.S.S.); (J.A.L.); (C.N.B.); (C.P.S.); (H.M.S.); (D.G.C.); (A.V.E.U.); (J.G.S.M.); (L.F.C.); (S.S.S.)
| | - Carolina P. Silva
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ-Rondônia, Porto Velho 76812-245, RO, Brazil; (S.N.S.); (A.S.P.); (M.V.P.); (M.D.S.S.); (J.A.L.); (C.N.B.); (C.P.S.); (H.M.S.); (D.G.C.); (A.V.E.U.); (J.G.S.M.); (L.F.C.); (S.S.S.)
| | - Hallison M. Santana
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ-Rondônia, Porto Velho 76812-245, RO, Brazil; (S.N.S.); (A.S.P.); (M.V.P.); (M.D.S.S.); (J.A.L.); (C.N.B.); (C.P.S.); (H.M.S.); (D.G.C.); (A.V.E.U.); (J.G.S.M.); (L.F.C.); (S.S.S.)
| | - Daniel G. Cardozo
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ-Rondônia, Porto Velho 76812-245, RO, Brazil; (S.N.S.); (A.S.P.); (M.V.P.); (M.D.S.S.); (J.A.L.); (C.N.B.); (C.P.S.); (H.M.S.); (D.G.C.); (A.V.E.U.); (J.G.S.M.); (L.F.C.); (S.S.S.)
| | - Andrey V. E. Ugarte
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ-Rondônia, Porto Velho 76812-245, RO, Brazil; (S.N.S.); (A.S.P.); (M.V.P.); (M.D.S.S.); (J.A.L.); (C.N.B.); (C.P.S.); (H.M.S.); (D.G.C.); (A.V.E.U.); (J.G.S.M.); (L.F.C.); (S.S.S.)
| | - João G. S. Magalhães
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ-Rondônia, Porto Velho 76812-245, RO, Brazil; (S.N.S.); (A.S.P.); (M.V.P.); (M.D.S.S.); (J.A.L.); (C.N.B.); (C.P.S.); (H.M.S.); (D.G.C.); (A.V.E.U.); (J.G.S.M.); (L.F.C.); (S.S.S.)
| | - Larissa F. Cruz
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ-Rondônia, Porto Velho 76812-245, RO, Brazil; (S.N.S.); (A.S.P.); (M.V.P.); (M.D.S.S.); (J.A.L.); (C.N.B.); (C.P.S.); (H.M.S.); (D.G.C.); (A.V.E.U.); (J.G.S.M.); (L.F.C.); (S.S.S.)
| | - Sulamita S. Setubal
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ-Rondônia, Porto Velho 76812-245, RO, Brazil; (S.N.S.); (A.S.P.); (M.V.P.); (M.D.S.S.); (J.A.L.); (C.N.B.); (C.P.S.); (H.M.S.); (D.G.C.); (A.V.E.U.); (J.G.S.M.); (L.F.C.); (S.S.S.)
| | - Andreimar M. Soares
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Proteins and Bioactive Compounds Applied to Health (LABIOPROT), National Institute of Science and Technology in Epidemiology of the Occidental Amazonia0 (INCT-EPIAMO), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho 76801-059, RO, Brazil;
| | - Bruna Cavecci-Mendonça
- Biotechonology Institute (IBTEC), São Paulo State University, Botucatu 01049-010, SP, Brazil; (B.C.-M.); (L.D.S.)
| | - Lucilene D. Santos
- Biotechonology Institute (IBTEC), São Paulo State University, Botucatu 01049-010, SP, Brazil; (B.C.-M.); (L.D.S.)
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases and Graduate Program in Medical Biotechnology, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana P. Zuliani
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ-Rondônia, Porto Velho 76812-245, RO, Brazil; (S.N.S.); (A.S.P.); (M.V.P.); (M.D.S.S.); (J.A.L.); (C.N.B.); (C.P.S.); (H.M.S.); (D.G.C.); (A.V.E.U.); (J.G.S.M.); (L.F.C.); (S.S.S.)
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho 76801-059, RO, Brazil
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Kasai K, Nakano M, Ohishi M, Nakamura T, Miura T. Antimicrobial properties of L-amino acid oxidase: biochemical features and biomedical applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:4819-4832. [PMID: 34106313 PMCID: PMC8188536 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11381-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Mucus layer that covers the body surface of various animal functions as a defense barrier against microbes, environmental xenobiotics, and predators. Previous studies have reported that L-amino acid oxidase (LAAO), present in several animal fluids, has potent properties against pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and parasites. LAAO catalyzes the oxidative deamination of specific L-amino acids with the generation of hydrogen peroxide and L-amino acid metabolites. Further, the generated hydrogen peroxide is involved in oxidation (direct effect) while the metabolites activate immune responses (indirect effect). Therefore, LAAO exhibits two different mechanisms of bioactivation. Previously, we described the selective, specific, and local oxidative and potent antibacterial actions of various LAAOs as potential therapeutic strategies. In this review, we focus on their biochemical features, enzymatic regulations, and biomedical applications with a view of describing their probable role as biochemical agents and biomarkers for microbial infections, cancer, and autoimmune-mediated diseases. We consider that LAAOs hold implications in biomedicine owing to their antimicrobial activity wherein they can be used in treatment of infectious diseases and as diagnostic biomarkers in the above-mentioned diseased conditions. Key points •Focus on biochemical features, enzymatic regulation, and biomedical applications of LAAOs. •Mechanisms of antimicrobial activity, inflammatory regulation, and immune responses of LAAOs. •Potential biomedical application as an antimicrobial and anti-infection agent, and disease biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Kasai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, 66-1, Hon-cho, 036-8564, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Manabu Nakano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, 66-1, Hon-cho, 036-8564, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | | | - Toshiya Nakamura
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, 66-1, Hon-cho, 036-8564, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Tomisato Miura
- Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1, Hon-cho, 036-8564, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan.
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Cytotoxicity of snake venom enzymatic toxins: phospholipase A2 and l-amino acid oxidase. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:719-731. [PMID: 32267491 PMCID: PMC7200639 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and l-amino acid oxidase (LAAO) are two major enzymes found in the venoms from most snake species. These enzymes have been structurally and functionally characterised for their pharmacological activities. Both PLA2 and LAAO from different venoms demonstrate considerable cytotoxic effects on cancer cells via induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and suppression of proliferation. These enzymes produce more pronounced cytotoxic effects in cancer cells than normal cells, thus they can be potential sources as chemotherapeutic agents. It is proposed that PLA2 and LAAO contribute to an elevated oxidative stress due to their catalytic actions, for instance, the ability of PLA2 to produce reactive oxygen species during lipolysis and formation of H2O2 from LAAO catalytic activity which consequently lead to cell death. Nonetheless, the cell-death signalling pathways associated with exposure to these enzymatic toxins are not fully elucidated yet. Here in this review, we will discuss the cytotoxic effects of PLA2 and LAAO in relationship to their catalytic mechanisms and the underlying mechanisms of cytotoxic actions.
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Burin SM, Cacemiro MDC, Cominal JG, Grandis RAD, Machado ART, Donaires FS, Cintra ACO, Ambrosio L, Antunes LMG, Sampaio SV, de Castro FA. Bothrops moojeni L-amino acid oxidase induces apoptosis and epigenetic modulation on Bcr-Abl + cells. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2020; 26:e20200123. [PMID: 33354202 PMCID: PMC7737401 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2020-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Resistance to apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is associated with
constitutive tyrosine kinase activity of the Bcr-Abl oncoprotein. The
deregulated expression of apoptosis-related genes and alteration in
epigenetic machinery may also contribute to apoptosis resistance in CML.
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors target the Bcr-Abl oncoprotein and are used in
CML treatment. The resistance of CML patients to tyrosine kinase inhibitors
has guided the search for new compounds that may induce apoptosis in
Bcr-Abl+ leukemic cells and improve the disease
treatment. Methods: In the present study, we investigated whether the L-amino acid oxidase
isolated from Bothrops moojeni snake venom (BmooLAAO-I) (i)
was cytotoxic to Bcr-Abl+ cell lines (HL-60.Bcr-Abl, K562-S, and
K562-R), HL-60 (acute promyelocytic leukemia) cells, the non-tumor cell line
HEK-293, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC); and (ii) affected
epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation and microRNAs expression
in vitro. Results: BmooLAAO-I induced ROS production, apoptosis, and differential DNA
methylation pattern of regulatory apoptosis genes. The toxin upregulated
expression of the pro-apoptotic genes BID and
FADD and downregulated DFFA expression
in leukemic cell lines, as well as increased miR-16 expression - whose major
predicted target is the anti-apoptotic gene BCL2 - in
Bcr-Abl+ cells. Conclusion: BmooLAAO-I exerts selective antitumor action mediated by
H2O2 release and induces apoptosis, and
alterations in epigenetic mechanisms. These results support future
investigations on the effect of BmooLAAO-I on in vivo
models to determine its potential in CML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Mara Burin
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Maira da Costa Cacemiro
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Juçara Gastaldi Cominal
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rone Aparecido De Grandis
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Rita Thomazela Machado
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Flavia Sacilotto Donaires
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Adelia Cristina Oliveira Cintra
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Ambrosio
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lusânia Maria Greggi Antunes
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Suely Vilela Sampaio
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Attié de Castro
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Kuna E, Bocian A, Hus KK, Petrilla V, Petrillova M, Legath J, Lewinska A, Wnuk M. Evaluation of Antifungal Activity of Naja pallida and Naja mossambica Venoms against Three Candida Species. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12080500. [PMID: 32759763 PMCID: PMC7472363 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12080500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In contrast to comprehensively investigated antibacterial activity of snake venoms, namely crude venoms and their selected components, little is known about antifungal properties of elapid snake venoms. In the present study, the proteome of two venoms of red spitting cobra Naja pallida (NPV) and Mozambique spitting cobra Naja mossambica (NMV) was characterized using LC-MS/MS approach, and the antifungal activity of crude venoms against three Candida species was established. A complex response to venom treatment was revealed. NPV and NMV, when used at relatively high concentrations, decreased cell viability of C. albicans and C. tropicalis, affected cell cycle of C. albicans, inhibited C. tropicalis-based biofilm formation and promoted oxidative stress in C. albicans, C. glabrata and C. tropicalis cells. NPV and NMV also modulated ammonia pulses during colony development and aging in three Candida species. All these observations provide evidence that NPV and NMV may diminish selected pathogenic features of Candida species. However, NPV and NMV also promoted the secretion of extracellular phospholipases that may facilitate Candida pathogenicity and limit their usefulness as anti-candidal agents. In conclusion, antifungal activity of snake venoms should be studied with great caution and a plethora of pathogenic biomarkers should be considered in the future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Kuna
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Bocian
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (A.B.); (K.K.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Konrad K. Hus
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (A.B.); (K.K.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Vladimir Petrilla
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 041 81 Kosice, Slovak Republic;
- Zoological Department, Zoological Garden Kosice, 040 06 Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Monika Petrillova
- Department of General Education Subjects, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 041 81 Kosice, Slovak Republic;
| | - Jaroslav Legath
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (A.B.); (K.K.H.); (J.L.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 041 81 Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Anna Lewinska
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland;
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (M.W.); Tel.: +48-17-851-86-09 (A.L. & M.W.)
| | - Maciej Wnuk
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland;
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (M.W.); Tel.: +48-17-851-86-09 (A.L. & M.W.)
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Cytosolic phospholipase A 2-α participates in lipid body formation and PGE 2 release in human neutrophils stimulated with an L-amino acid oxidase from Calloselasma rhodostoma venom. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10976. [PMID: 32620771 PMCID: PMC7334223 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67345-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cr-LAAO, an l-amino acid oxidase isolated from Calloselasma rhodosthoma snake venom, has been demonstrated as a potent stimulus for neutrophil activation and inflammatory mediator production. However, the mechanisms involved in Cr-LAAO induced neutrophil activation has not been well characterized. Here we investigated the mechanisms involved in Cr-LAAO-induced lipid body (also known as lipid droplet) biogenesis and eicosanoid formation in human neutrophils. Using microarray analysis, we show for the first time that Cr-LAAO plays a role in the up-regulation of the expression of genes involved in lipid signalling and metabolism. Those include different members of phospholipase A2, mostly cytosolic phospholipase A2-α (cPLA2-α); and enzymes involved in prostaglandin synthesis including cyclooxygenases 2 (COX-2), and prostaglandin E synthase (PTGES). In addition, genes involved in lipid droplet formation, including perilipin 2 and 3 (PLIN 2 and 3) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), were also upregulated. Furthermore, increased phosphorylation of cPLA2-α, lipid droplet biogenesis and PGE2 synthesis were observed in human neutrophils stimulated with Cr-LAAO. Treatment with cPLA2-α inhibitor (CAY10650) or DGAT-1 inhibitor (A922500) suppressed lipid droplets formation and PGE2 secretion. In conclusion, we demonstrate for the first time the effects of Cr-LAAO to regulate neutrophil lipid metabolism and signalling.
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Lopes-de-Souza L, Costal-Oliveira F, Stransky S, Fonseca de Freitas C, Guerra-Duarte C, Braga VMM, Chávez-Olórtegui C. Development of a cell-based in vitro assay as a possible alternative for determining bothropic antivenom potency. Toxicon 2019; 170:68-76. [PMID: 31494208 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Accidents with venomous snakes are a major health hazard in tropical countries. Bothrops genus is responsible for almost 80% of snakebites in Brazil. Immunotherapy is the only approved specific treatment against snake toxins and the production of therapeutic antivenoms requires quality control tests to determine their neutralizing potency. Currently, these controls are performed by in vivo lethality neutralization, however, the inhibition of particular events produced by bothropic venoms such as coagulopathy, hemorrhage, edema or cytotoxic effects are also required. The aim of this work is to develop an in vitro alternative assay for antivenom pre-clinical evaluation. In this sense, we designed a cell viability assay using different amounts (0.2-10 μL/well) of low and high potency anti-bothropic sera, previously classified by the traditional in vivo test, for assessing the antivenom capacity to protect the cells against B. jararaca venom cytotoxicity (5xEC50 = 58.95 μg/mL). We found that high potency sera are more effective in neutralizing B. jararaca venom cytotoxicity when compared to low potency sera, which is in accordance to their pre-determined in vivo potency. Considering sera in vitro inhibitory concentration able to prevent 50% cell death (IC50) and their known in vivo potency, a cut-off point was determined to discriminate low and high potency sera. Our data provide insights for the development of an in vitro method which can determine the anti-bothropic antivenom potency during its production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Lopes-de-Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Costal-Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Stephanie Stransky
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Clara Guerra-Duarte
- Diretoria de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, 30510-010, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Vania M M Braga
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Carlos Chávez-Olórtegui
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Zainal Abidin SA, Lee YQ, Othman I, Naidu R. Malaysian Cobra Venom: A Potential Source of Anti-Cancer Therapeutic Agents. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11020075. [PMID: 30717096 PMCID: PMC6409816 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11020075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a deadly disease and there is an urgent need for the development of effective and safe therapeutic agents to treat it. Snake venom is a complex mixture of bioactive proteins that represents an attractive source of novel and naturally-derived anticancer agents. Malaysia is one of the world’s most biodiverse countries and is home to various venomous snake species, including cobras. Naja kaouthia, Naja sumatrana, and Ophiophagus hannah are three of the most common cobra species in Malaysia and are of medical importance. Over the past decades, snake venom has been identified as a potential source of therapeutic agents, including anti-cancer agents. This present review highlights the potential anticancer activity of the venom and purified venom protein of N. kaouthia, N. sumatrana, and O. hannah. In conclusion, this review highlights the important role of the venom from Malaysian cobras as an important resource that researchers can exploit to further investigate its potential in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syafiq Asnawi Zainal Abidin
- Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LCMS) Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Yee Qian Lee
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LCMS) Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Rakesh Naidu
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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9
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Olamendi-Portugal T, Batista CV, Pedraza-Escalona M, Restano-Cassulini R, Zamudio FZ, Benard-Valle M, de Roodt AR, Possani LD. New insights into the proteomic characterization of the coral snake Micrurus pyrrhocryptus venom. Toxicon 2018; 153:23-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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10
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Tan KK, Bay BH, Gopalakrishnakone P. L-amino acid oxidase from snake venom and its anticancer potential. Toxicon 2018; 144:7-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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11
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Nicolau CA, Prorock A, Bao Y, Neves-Ferreira AGDC, Valente RH, Fox JW. Revisiting the Therapeutic Potential of Bothrops jararaca Venom: Screening for Novel Activities Using Connectivity Mapping. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10020069. [PMID: 29415440 PMCID: PMC5848170 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10020069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Snake venoms are sources of molecules with proven and potential therapeutic applications. However, most activities assayed in venoms (or their components) are of hemorrhagic, hypotensive, edematogenic, neurotoxic or myotoxic natures. Thus, other relevant activities might remain unknown. Using functional genomics coupled to the connectivity map (C-map) approach, we undertook a wide range indirect search for biological activities within the venom of the South American pit viper Bothrops jararaca. For that effect, venom was incubated with human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF7) followed by RNA extraction and gene expression analysis. A list of 90 differentially expressed genes was submitted to biosimilar drug discovery based on pattern recognition. Among the 100 highest-ranked positively correlated drugs, only the antihypertensive, antimicrobial (both antibiotic and antiparasitic), and antitumor classes had been previously reported for B. jararaca venom. The majority of drug classes identified were related to (1) antimicrobial activity; (2) treatment of neuropsychiatric illnesses (Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, depression, and epilepsy); (3) treatment of cardiovascular diseases, and (4) anti-inflammatory action. The C-map results also indicated that B. jararaca venom may have components that target G-protein-coupled receptors (muscarinic, serotonergic, histaminergic, dopaminergic, GABA, and adrenergic) and ion channels. Although validation experiments are still necessary, the C-map correlation to drugs with activities previously linked to snake venoms supports the efficacy of this strategy as a broad-spectrum approach for biological activity screening, and rekindles the snake venom-based search for new therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Alves Nicolau
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil.
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Toxins (INCTTOX), CNPq, Brasília, DF 71605-170, Brazil.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
| | - Alyson Prorock
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
| | - Yongde Bao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
| | - Ana Gisele da Costa Neves-Ferreira
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil.
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Toxins (INCTTOX), CNPq, Brasília, DF 71605-170, Brazil.
| | - Richard Hemmi Valente
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil.
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Toxins (INCTTOX), CNPq, Brasília, DF 71605-170, Brazil.
| | - Jay William Fox
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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The toxin BjussuLAAO-II induces oxidative stress and DNA damage, upregulates the inflammatory cytokine genes TNF and IL6, and downregulates the apoptotic-related genes BAX, BCL2 and RELA in human Caco-2 cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 109:212-219. [PMID: 29222016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma is one of the most common cancers in adults. As chemotherapy, the first-choice treatment for colorectal carcinoma, is often infeasible due to acquired tumor resistance and several adverse effects, it is important to discover and explore new molecules with better therapeutic action. Snake venom toxins have shown promising results with high cytotoxicity against tumor cells, but their mechanisms of action remain unclear. Here we examined how BjussuLAAO-II, an L-amino acid oxidase isolated from Bothrops jararacussu snake venom, exerts cytotoxicity towards colorectal adenocarcinoma human cells (Caco-2) and human umbilical vein endothelial cell line (HUVEC). A 24-h treatment with BjussuLAAO-II at 0.25 - 5.00 μg/mL diminished cell viability by decreasing (i) mitochondrial activity, assessed by reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide and resazurin; (ii) the activity of acid phosphatases; and (iii) lysosomal function, assessed by neutral red uptake. BjussuLAAO-II also increased intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species and DNA damage, as assessed by fluorescence and the comet assay, respectively. BjussuLAAO-II altered the expression of cell proliferation-related genes, as determined by RT-qPCR: it elevated the expression of the inflammatory cytokine genes TNF and IL6, and lowered the expression of the apoptotic-related genes BAX, BCL2, and RELA. Therefore, BjussuLAAO-II induces Caco-2 cells death by acting on multiple intracellular targets, providing important data for further studies to assess whether these effects are seen in both tumor and normal cells, with the aim of selecting this drug for possible therapeutic purposes in the future.
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A new l -amino acid oxidase from Bothrops jararacussu snake venom: Isolation, partial characterization, and assessment of pro-apoptotic and antiprotozoal activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 103:25-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Meléndez-Martínez D, Muñoz JM, Barraza-Garza G, Cruz-Peréz MS, Gatica-Colima A, Alvarez-Parrilla E, Plenge-Tellechea LF. Rattlesnake Crotalus molossus nigrescens venom induces oxidative stress on human erythrocytes. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2017; 23:24. [PMID: 28439287 PMCID: PMC5399391 DOI: 10.1186/s40409-017-0114-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, snake envenomation is a well-known cause of death and morbidity. In many cases of snakebite, myonecrosis, dermonecrosis, hemorrhage and neurotoxicity are present. Some of these symptoms may be provoked by the envenomation itself, but others are secondary effects of the produced oxidative stress that enhances the damage produced by the venom toxins. The only oxidative stress effect known in blood is the change in oxidation number of Fe (from ferrous to ferric) in hemoglobin, generating methemoglobin but not in other macromolecules. Currently, the effects of the overproduction of methemoglobin derived from snake venom are not extensively recorded. Therefore, the present study aims to describe the oxidative stress induced by Crotalus molossus nigrescens venom using erythrocytes. METHODS Human erythrocytes were washed and incubated with different Crotalus molossus nigrescens venom concentrations (0-640 μg/mL). After 24 h, the hemolytic activity was measured followed by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, non-denaturing PAGE, conjugated diene and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances determination. RESULTS Low concentrations of venom (<10 μg/mL) generates oxyhemoglobin release by hemolysis, whereas higher concentrations produced a hemoglobin shift of valence, producing methemoglobin (>40 μg/mL). This substance is not degraded by proteases present in the venom. By infrared spectroscopy, starting in 80 μg/mL, we observed changes in bands that are associated with protein damage (1660 and 1540 cm-1) and lipid peroxidation (2960, 2920 and 1740 cm-1). Lipid peroxidation was confirmed by conjugated diene and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance determination, in which differences were observed between the control and erythrocytes treated with venom. CONCLUSIONS Crotalus molossus nigrescens venom provokes hemolysis and oxidative stress, which induces methemoglobin formation, loss of protein structure and lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Meléndez-Martínez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, C. P. 32310. A. P. 1595-D Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua Mexico
| | - Juan Manuel Muñoz
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, C. P. 32310. A. P. 1595-D Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua Mexico
| | - Guillermo Barraza-Garza
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, C. P. 32310. A. P. 1595-D Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua Mexico
| | - Martha Sandra Cruz-Peréz
- Herpetario de la Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Ana Gatica-Colima
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, C. P. 32310. A. P. 1595-D Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua Mexico
| | - Emilio Alvarez-Parrilla
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, C. P. 32310. A. P. 1595-D Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua Mexico
| | - Luis Fernando Plenge-Tellechea
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, C. P. 32310. A. P. 1595-D Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua Mexico
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15
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Panagides N, Jackson TNW, Ikonomopoulou MP, Arbuckle K, Pretzler R, Yang DC, Ali SA, Koludarov I, Dobson J, Sanker B, Asselin A, Santana RC, Hendrikx I, van der Ploeg H, Tai-A-Pin J, van den Bergh R, Kerkkamp HMI, Vonk FJ, Naude A, Strydom MA, Jacobsz L, Dunstan N, Jaeger M, Hodgson WC, Miles J, Fry BG. How the Cobra Got Its Flesh-Eating Venom: Cytotoxicity as a Defensive Innovation and Its Co-Evolution with Hooding, Aposematic Marking, and Spitting. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:E103. [PMID: 28335411 PMCID: PMC5371858 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9030103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytotoxicity of the venom of 25 species of Old World elapid snake was tested and compared with the morphological and behavioural adaptations of hooding and spitting. We determined that, contrary to previous assumptions, the venoms of spitting species are not consistently more cytotoxic than those of closely related non-spitting species. While this correlation between spitting and non-spitting was found among African cobras, it was not present among Asian cobras. On the other hand, a consistent positive correlation was observed between cytotoxicity and utilisation of the defensive hooding display that cobras are famous for. Hooding and spitting are widely regarded as defensive adaptations, but it has hitherto been uncertain whether cytotoxicity serves a defensive purpose or is somehow useful in prey subjugation. The results of this study suggest that cytotoxicity evolved primarily as a defensive innovation and that it has co-evolved twice alongside hooding behavior: once in the Hemachatus + Naja and again independently in the king cobras (Ophiophagus). There was a significant increase of cytotoxicity in the Asian Naja linked to the evolution of bold aposematic hood markings, reinforcing the link between hooding and the evolution of defensive cytotoxic venoms. In parallel, lineages with increased cytotoxicity but lacking bold hood patterns evolved aposematic markers in the form of high contrast body banding. The results also indicate that, secondary to the evolution of venom rich in cytotoxins, spitting has evolved three times independently: once within the African Naja, once within the Asian Naja, and once in the Hemachatus genus. The evolution of cytotoxic venom thus appears to facilitate the evolution of defensive spitting behaviour. In contrast, a secondary loss of cytotoxicity and reduction of the hood occurred in the water cobra Naja annulata, which possesses streamlined neurotoxic venom similar to that of other aquatic elapid snakes (e.g., hydrophiine sea snakes). The results of this study make an important contribution to our growing understanding of the selection pressures shaping the evolution of snake venom and its constituent toxins. The data also aid in elucidating the relationship between these selection pressures and the medical impact of human snakebite in the developing world, as cytotoxic cobras cause considerable morbidity including loss-of-function injuries that result in economic and social burdens in the tropics of Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadya Panagides
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Timothy N W Jackson
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Maria P Ikonomopoulou
- QIMR Berghofer Institute of Medical Research, Herston, QLD 4049, Australia.
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4002, Australia.
| | - Kevin Arbuckle
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - Rudolf Pretzler
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Daryl C Yang
- Monash Venom Group, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Syed A Ali
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Ivan Koludarov
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - James Dobson
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Brittany Sanker
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Angelique Asselin
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Renan C Santana
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Iwan Hendrikx
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Harold van der Ploeg
- Working Group Adder Research Netherlands, RAVON, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jeremie Tai-A-Pin
- Working Group Venomous Bites Netherlands, RAVON, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Harald M I Kerkkamp
- Institute of Biology Leiden (IBL), Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Freek J Vonk
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Arno Naude
- Snakebite Assist, Pretoria ZA-0001, South Africa.
| | - Morné A Strydom
- Department Pharmacology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria ZA-0001, South Africa.
- SYNEXUS Clinical Research SA Pty Ltd., Pretoria ZA-0001, South Africa.
| | - Louis Jacobsz
- Zoology Department, University of Pretoria, Pretoria ZA-0001, South Africa.
| | - Nathan Dunstan
- Venom Supplies, Tanunda, South Australia 5352, Australia.
| | - Marc Jaeger
- Planet Exotica, 5 Avenue des Fleurs de la Paix, 17204 Royan, France.
| | - Wayne C Hodgson
- Monash Venom Group, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - John Miles
- QIMR Berghofer Institute of Medical Research, Herston, QLD 4049, Australia.
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4002, Australia.
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia.
| | - Bryan G Fry
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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Pla D, Bande BW, Welton RE, Paiva OK, Sanz L, Segura Á, Wright CE, Calvete JJ, Gutiérrez JM, Williams DJ. Proteomics and antivenomics of Papuan black snake (Pseudechis papuanus) venom with analysis of its toxicological profile and the preclinical efficacy of Australian antivenoms. J Proteomics 2016; 150:201-215. [PMID: 27650695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Papuan black snake (Pseudechis papuanus Serpentes: Elapidae) is endemic to Papua New Guinea, Indonesian Papua and Australia's Torres Strait Islands. We have investigated the biological activity and proteomic composition of its venom. The P. papuanus venom proteome is dominated by a variety (n≥18) of PLA2s, which together account for ~90% of the venom proteins, and a set of low relative abundance proteins, including a short-neurotoxic 3FTx (3.1%), 3-4 PIII-SVMPs (2.8%), 3 cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISP; 2.3%) 1-3 l-amino acid oxidase (LAAO) molecules (1.6%). Probing of a P. papuanus cDNA library with specific primers resulted in the elucidation of the full-length nucleotide sequences of six new toxins, including vespryn and NGF not found in the venom proteome, and a calglandulin protein involved in toxin expression with the venom glands. Intravenous injection of P. papuanus venom in mice induced lethality, intravascular haemolysis, pulmonary congestion and oedema, and anticoagulation after intravenous injection, and these effects are mainly due to the action of PLA2s. This study also evaluated the in vivo preclinical efficacy of Australian black snake and polyvalent Seqirus antivenoms. These antivenoms were effective in neutralising the lethal, PLA2 and anticoagulant activities of P. papuanus venom in mice. On the other hand, all of the Seqirus antivenoms tested using an antivenomic approach exhibited strong immunorecognition of all the venom components. These preclinical results suggest that Australian Seqirus1 antivenoms may provide paraspecific protection against P. papuanus venom in humans. SIGNIFICANCE PARAGRAPH The toxicological profile and proteomic composition of the venom of the Papuan black snake, Pseudechis papuanus, a large diurnal snake endemic to the southern coast of New Guinea and a handful of close offshore islands, were investigated. Intravenous injection of P. papuanus venom in mice induced intravascular hemolysis, pulmonary congestion and edema, anticoagulation, and death. These activities could be assigned to the set of PLA2 molecules, which dominate the P. papuanus venom proteome. This study also showed that Australian Seqirus black snake or polyvalent antivenoms were effective in neutralising the lethal, PLA2 and anticoagulant activities of the venom. These preclinical results support the continued recommendation of these Seqirus antivenoms in the clinical management of P. papuanus envenoming in Australia, Papua New Guinea or Indonesian Papua Province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davinia Pla
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Benjamin W Bande
- Charles Campbell Toxinology Centre, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea, Boroko, NCD, Papua New Guinea
| | - Ronelle E Welton
- Australian Venom Research Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Owen K Paiva
- Charles Campbell Toxinology Centre, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea, Boroko, NCD, Papua New Guinea
| | - Libia Sanz
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Álvaro Segura
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Christine E Wright
- Australian Venom Research Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Cardiovascular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Juan J Calvete
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain.
| | - José María Gutiérrez
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.
| | - David J Williams
- Charles Campbell Toxinology Centre, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea, Boroko, NCD, Papua New Guinea; Australian Venom Research Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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17
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Reactive oxygen species overload promotes apoptosis in JAK2V617F-positive cell lines. Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter 2016; 38:179-81. [PMID: 27521850 PMCID: PMC4997894 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjhh.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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18
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Chaisakul J, Hodgson WC, Kuruppu S, Prasongsook N. Effects of Animal Venoms and Toxins on Hallmarks of Cancer. J Cancer 2016; 7:1571-8. [PMID: 27471574 PMCID: PMC4964142 DOI: 10.7150/jca.15309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal venoms are a cocktail of proteins and peptides, targeting vital physiological processes. Venoms have evolved to assist in the capture and digestion of prey. Key venom components often include neurotoxins, myotoxins, cardiotoxins, hematoxins and catalytic enzymes. The pharmacological activities of venom components have been investigated as a source of potential therapeutic agents. Interestingly, a number of animal toxins display profound anticancer effects. These include toxins purified from snake, bee and scorpion venoms effecting cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptotic activity and neovascularization. Indeed, the mechanism behind the anticancer effect of certain toxins is similar to that of agents currently used in chemotherapy. For example, Lebein is a snake venom disintegrin which generates anti-angiogenic effects by inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF). In this review article, we highlight the biological activities of animal toxins on the multiple steps of tumour formation or hallmarks of cancer. We also discuss recent progress in the discovery of lead compounds for anticancer drug development from venom components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janeyuth Chaisakul
- 1. Department of Pharmacology, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Wayne C Hodgson
- 2. Monash Venom Group, Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Sanjaya Kuruppu
- 2. Monash Venom Group, Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.; 3. Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Biomedical Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Naiyarat Prasongsook
- 4. Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Burin SM, Berzoti-Coelho MG, Cominal JG, Ambrosio L, Torqueti MR, Sampaio SV, de Castro FA. The L-amino acid oxidase from Calloselasma rhodostoma snake venom modulates apoptomiRs expression in Bcr-Abl-positive cell lines. Toxicon 2016; 120:9-14. [PMID: 27421670 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Anti-apoptotic genes and apoptomiRs deregulated expression contribute to apoptosis resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) Bcr-Abl(+) cells. Here, the L-amino acid oxidase from Calloselasma rhodostoma (CR-LAAO) venom altered the apoptotic machinery regulation by modulating the expression of the miR-145, miR-26a, miR-142-3p, miR-21, miR-130a, and miR-146a, and of the apoptosis-related proteins Bid, Bim, Bcl-2, Ciap-2, c-Flip, and Mcl-1 in Bcr-Abl(+) cells. CR-LAAO is a potential tool to instigate apoptomiRs regulation that contributes to drive CML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Mara Burin
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria Gabriela Berzoti-Coelho
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Juçara Gastaldi Cominal
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luciana Ambrosio
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria Regina Torqueti
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Suely Vilela Sampaio
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fabíola Attié de Castro
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Tavares C, Maciel T, Burin S, Ambrósio L, Ghisla S, Sampaio S, Castro F. l-Amino acid oxidase isolated from Calloselasma rhodostoma snake venom induces cytotoxicity and apoptosis in JAK2V617F-positive cell lines. Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter 2016; 38:128-34. [PMID: 27208571 PMCID: PMC4877619 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjhh.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myeloproliferative neoplasms are Philadelphia chromosome-negative diseases characterized by hyperproliferation of mature myeloid cells, associated or not with the Janus kinase 2 tyrosine kinase mutation, JAK2V617F. As there is no curative therapy, researchers have been investigating new drugs to treat myeloproliferative neoplasms, including l-amino acid oxidase from Calloselasma rhodostoma snake venom (CR-LAAO), which is a toxin capable of eliciting apoptosis in several tumor cell lines. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of l-amino acid oxidase from C. rhodostoma snake venom in the apoptotic machinery of JAK2-mutated cell lines. METHODS The HEL 92.1.7 and SET-2 cell lines were cultured with l-amino acid oxidase and catalase for 12h at 37°C in 5% carbon dioxide. The cell viability was assessed by the multi-table tournament method, the level of apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry, and the expression of cysteine-dependent aspartate-specific proteases and cleaved Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase were analyzed by Western blotting. RESULTS l-Amino acid oxidase from C. rhodostoma snake venom was cytotoxic to HEL 92.1.7 and SET-2 cells (50% inhibitory concentration=0.15μg/mL and 1.5μg/mL, respectively) and induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Cell treatment with catalase mitigated the l-amino acid oxidase toxicity, indicating that hydrogen peroxide is a key component of its cytotoxic effect.The activated caspases 3 and 8 expression and cleaved PARP in HEL 92.1.7 and SET-2 cells confirmed the apoptosis activation by CR-LAAO. CONCLUSIONS l-Amino acid oxidase from C. rhodostoma snake venom is a potential antineoplastic agent against HEL 92.1.7 and SET-2 JAK2V617F-positive cells as it activates the extrinsic apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Tavares
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Thaís Maciel
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra Burin
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Ambrósio
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Suely Sampaio
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Castro
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Burin SM, Ghisla S, Ouchida AT, Aissa AF, Coelho MGB, Costa TR, Marsola APZC, Pinto-Simões B, Antunes LMG, Curti C, Sampaio SV, de Castro FA. CR-LAAO antileukemic effect against Bcr-Abl(+) cells is mediated by apoptosis and hydrogen peroxide. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 86:309-20. [PMID: 26812110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by the presence of the Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase protein, which confers resistance to apoptosis in leukemic cells. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are effectively used to treat CML; however, CML patients in the advanced (CML-AP) and chronic (CML-CP) phases of the disease are usually resistant to TKI therapy. Thus, it is necessary to seek for novel agents to treat CML, such as the enzyme l-amino acid oxidase from Calloselasma rhodostoma (CR-LAAO) snake venom. We examined the antitumor effect of CR-LAAO in Bcr-Abl(+) cell lines and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy subjects and CML patients. CR-LAAO was more cytotoxic towards Bcr-Abl(+) cell lines than towards healthy subjects' PBMC. The H2O2 produced during the enzymatic action of CR-LAAO mediated its cytotoxic effect. The CR-LAAO induced apoptosis in Bcr-Abl(+) cells, as detected by caspases 3, 8, and 9 activation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and DNA damage. CR-LAAO elicited apoptosis in PBMC from CML-CP patients without TKI treatment more strongly than in PBMC from healthy subjects and TKI-treated CML-CP and CML-AP patients. The antitumor effect of CR-LAAO against Bcr-Abl(+) cells makes this toxin a promising candidate to CML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Mara Burin
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Sandro Ghisla
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Amanda Tomie Ouchida
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Ferro Aissa
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria Gabriela Berzoti Coelho
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Tássia Rafaella Costa
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Zambuzi Cardoso Marsola
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Belinda Pinto-Simões
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Lusânia Maria Greggi Antunes
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Curti
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Suely Vilela Sampaio
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fabíola Attié de Castro
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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El Hakim A, Salama W, Hamed M, Ali A, Ibrahim N. Heterodimeric l-amino acid oxidase enzymes from Egyptian Cerastes cerastes venom: Purification, biochemical characterization and partial amino acid sequencing. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2015; 13:165-176. [PMID: 30647580 PMCID: PMC6299811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Two l-amino acid oxidase enzyme isoforms, Cc-LAAOI and Cc-LAAOII were purified to apparent homogeneity from Cerastes cerastes venom in a sequential two-step chromatographic protocol including; gel filtration and anion exchange chromatography. The native molecular weights of the isoforms were 115 kDa as determined by gel filtration on calibrated Sephacryl S-200 column, while the monomeric molecular weights of the enzymes were, 60, 56 kDa and 60, 53 kDa for LAAOI and LAAOII, respectively. The tryptic peptides of the two isoforms share high sequence homology with other snake venom l-amino acid oxidases. The optimal pH and temperature values of Cc-LAAOI and Cc-LAAOII were 7.8, 50 °C and 7, 60 °C, respectively. The two isoenzymes were thermally stable up to 70 °C. The K m and V max values were 0.67 mM, 0.135 μmol/min for LAAOI and 0.82 mM, 0.087 μmol/min for LAAOII. Both isoenzymes displayed high catalytic preference to long-chain, hydrophobic and aromatic amino acids. The Mn2 + ion markedly increased the LAAO activity for both purified isoforms, while Na+, K+, Ca2 +, Mg2 + and Ba2 + ions showed a non-significant increase in the enzymatic activity of both isoforms. Furthermore, Zn2 +, Ni2 +, Co2 +, Cu2 + and AL3 + ions markedly inhibited the LAAOI and LAAOII activities. l-Cysteine and reduced glutathione completely inhibited the LAAO activity of both isoenzymes, whereas, β-mercaptoethanol, O-phenanthroline and PMSF completely inhibited the enzymatic activity of LAAOII. Furthermore, iodoacitic acid inhibited the enzymatic activity of LAAOII by 46% and had no effect on the LAAOI activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.E. El Hakim
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St. (former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza, Egypt1
| | - W.H. Salama
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St. (former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza, Egypt1
| | - M.B. Hamed
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St. (former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza, Egypt1
| | - A.A. Ali
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St. (former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza, Egypt1
- Durham University, School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- Biophysical Sciences Institute, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - N.M. Ibrahim
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St. (former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza, Egypt1
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