1
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Sofyantoro F, Septriani NI, Yudha DS, Wicaksono EA, Priyono DS, Putri WA, Primahesa A, Raharjeng ARP, Purwestri YA, Nuringtyas TR. Zebrafish as Versatile Model for Assessing Animal Venoms and Toxins: Current Applications and Future Prospects. Zebrafish 2024; 21:231-242. [PMID: 38608228 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2023.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal venoms and toxins hold promise as sources of novel drug candidates, therapeutic agents, and biomolecules. To fully harness their potential, it is crucial to develop reliable testing methods that provide a comprehensive understanding of their effects and mechanisms of action. However, traditional rodent assays encounter difficulties in mimicking venom-induced effects in human due to the impractical venom dosage levels. The search for reliable testing methods has led to the emergence of zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a versatile model organism for evaluating animal venoms and toxins. Zebrafish possess genetic similarities to humans, rapid development, transparency, and amenability to high-throughput assays, making it ideal for assessing the effects of animal venoms and toxins. This review highlights unique attributes of zebrafish and explores their applications in studying venom- and toxin-induced effects from various species, including snakes, jellyfish, cuttlefish, anemones, spiders, and cone snails. Through zebrafish-based research, intricate physiological responses, developmental alterations, and potential therapeutic interventions induced by venoms are revealed. Novel techniques such as CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, optogenetics, and high-throughput screening hold great promise for advancing venom research. As zebrafish-based insights converge with findings from other models, the comprehensive understanding of venom-induced effects continues to expand, guiding the development of targeted interventions and promoting both scientific knowledge and practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fajar Sofyantoro
- Faculties of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Ega Adhi Wicaksono
- Faculties of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Sendi Priyono
- Faculties of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Alfian Primahesa
- Faculties of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Anita Restu Puji Raharjeng
- Faculties of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang, South Sumatera, Indonesia
| | - Yekti Asih Purwestri
- Faculties of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tri Rini Nuringtyas
- Faculties of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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2
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Selvaraj U, Ganapathy S, Muthuvel A, Alex AM, Masood Khan J, Vijayalakshmi P. Evaluation of the toxicological properties of Himantura imbricata Venom using a zebrafish model (Danio rerio). Toxicon 2024; 243:107739. [PMID: 38704125 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
The stingrays of the genus Himantura imbricata are present in all of the world's oceans, but the toxicity of their venoms has not yet been thoroughly characterized. The zebrafish as a toxicology model can be used for general toxicity testing of drugs and the investigation of toxicological mechanisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of crude venom from the stingray H. imbricata on the zebrafish Danio rerio. Juvenile zebrafish were injected with different concentrations of venom from H. imbricata via subcutaneous injections. The venom's effects were established via histological examination and hemolytic activity in zebrafish. The histopathological analysis revealed significant tissue damage in the organs of the zebrafish injected with venom, including liver necrosis and kidney degeneration. A blood examination revealed echinocytes, hemolysis, and nuclear abnormalities. Bodyweight estimations and histopathological attributes of the gills, heart, muscle, liver, intestine, eye, and brain were determined. The histological staining studies of the gills, liver, and intestine were measurably higher in the venom groups compared with the other two groups. Aggregately, the result shows that zebrafish may act as a valuable biomarker for alterations impelled by H. imbricata venom. The work delivers a useful model with substantial pharmacological potential for new drugs and a better comprehension of research on stingray venom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uthra Selvaraj
- CAS in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, India
| | | | | | - Asha Monica Alex
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, 620 002, India
| | - Javed Masood Khan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Periyasamy Vijayalakshmi
- P.G and Research Department of Biotechnology Bioinformatics, Holy Cross College (Autonomous) Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Trichy, India.
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3
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Mohan Prakash RL, Hwang DH, Asirvatham RD, Hong IH, Kang C, Kim E. Identification of cardiorespiratory toxic components of Nemopilema nomurai jellyfish venom using sequential chromatography methods. Toxicon 2023; 229:107126. [PMID: 37054994 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Jellyfish stings pose a significant threat to humans in coastal areas worldwide, with venomous jellyfish species stinging millions of individuals annually. Nemopilema nomurai is one of the largest jellyfish species, with numerous tentacles rich in nematocysts. N. nomurai venom (NnV) is a complex mixture of proteins, peptides, and small molecules that serve as both prey-capture and defense mechanisms. Yet, the molecular identity of its cardiorespiratory and neuronal toxic components of NnV has not been clearly identified yet. Here, we isolated a cardiotoxic fraction, NnTP (Nemopilema nomurai toxic peak), from NnV using chromatographic methods. In the zebrafish model, NnTP exhibited strong cardiorespiratory and moderate neurotoxic effects. LC-MS/MS analysis identified 23 toxin homologs, including toxic proteinases, ion channel toxins, and neurotoxins. The toxins demonstrated a synergistic effect on the zebrafish, leading to altered swimming behavior, hemorrhage in the cardiorespiratory region, and histopathological changes in organs such as the heart, gill, and brain. These findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the cardiorespiratory and neurotoxic effects of NnV, which could be useful in developing therapeutic strategies for venomous jellyfish stings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Du Hyeon Hwang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea; Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea.
| | - Ravi Deva Asirvatham
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea.
| | - Il-Hwa Hong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea; Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea.
| | - Changkeun Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea; Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea.
| | - Euikyung Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea; Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea.
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4
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von Reumont BM, Anderluh G, Antunes A, Ayvazyan N, Beis D, Caliskan F, Crnković A, Damm M, Dutertre S, Ellgaard L, Gajski G, German H, Halassy B, Hempel BF, Hucho T, Igci N, Ikonomopoulou MP, Karbat I, Klapa MI, Koludarov I, Kool J, Lüddecke T, Ben Mansour R, Vittoria Modica M, Moran Y, Nalbantsoy A, Ibáñez MEP, Panagiotopoulos A, Reuveny E, Céspedes JS, Sombke A, Surm JM, Undheim EAB, Verdes A, Zancolli G. Modern venomics-Current insights, novel methods, and future perspectives in biological and applied animal venom research. Gigascience 2022; 11:6588117. [PMID: 35640874 PMCID: PMC9155608 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giac048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Venoms have evolved >100 times in all major animal groups, and their components, known as toxins, have been fine-tuned over millions of years into highly effective biochemical weapons. There are many outstanding questions on the evolution of toxin arsenals, such as how venom genes originate, how venom contributes to the fitness of venomous species, and which modifications at the genomic, transcriptomic, and protein level drive their evolution. These questions have received particularly little attention outside of snakes, cone snails, spiders, and scorpions. Venom compounds have further become a source of inspiration for translational research using their diverse bioactivities for various applications. We highlight here recent advances and new strategies in modern venomics and discuss how recent technological innovations and multi-omic methods dramatically improve research on venomous animals. The study of genomes and their modifications through CRISPR and knockdown technologies will increase our understanding of how toxins evolve and which functions they have in the different ontogenetic stages during the development of venomous animals. Mass spectrometry imaging combined with spatial transcriptomics, in situ hybridization techniques, and modern computer tomography gives us further insights into the spatial distribution of toxins in the venom system and the function of the venom apparatus. All these evolutionary and biological insights contribute to more efficiently identify venom compounds, which can then be synthesized or produced in adapted expression systems to test their bioactivity. Finally, we critically discuss recent agrochemical, pharmaceutical, therapeutic, and diagnostic (so-called translational) aspects of venoms from which humans benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjoern M von Reumont
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Department for Applied Bioinformatics, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Senckenberg Frankfurt, Senckenberganlage 25, 60235 Frankfurt, Germany.,Justus Liebig University Giessen, Institute for Insectbiotechnology, Heinrich Buff Ring 26-32, 35396 Giessen, Germany
| | - Gregor Anderluh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Agostinho Antunes
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Naira Ayvazyan
- Orbeli Institute of Physiology of NAS RA, Orbeli ave. 22, 0028 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Dimitris Beis
- Developmental Biology, Centre for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Figen Caliskan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, TR-26040 Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Ana Crnković
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maik Damm
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Chemistry, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Lars Ellgaard
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Goran Gajski
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hannah German
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Beata Halassy
- University of Zagreb, Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, Trg Republike Hrvatske 14, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Benjamin-Florian Hempel
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies BCRT, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim Hucho
- Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Nasit Igci
- Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 50300 Nevsehir, Turkey
| | - Maria P Ikonomopoulou
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Food, Madrid,E28049, Spain.,The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Izhar Karbat
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Maria I Klapa
- Metabolic Engineering and Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), Patras GR-26504, Greece
| | - Ivan Koludarov
- Justus Liebig University Giessen, Institute for Insectbiotechnology, Heinrich Buff Ring 26-32, 35396 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jeroen Kool
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Lüddecke
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Senckenberg Frankfurt, Senckenberganlage 25, 60235 Frankfurt, Germany.,Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Riadh Ben Mansour
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Gafsa University, Campus Universitaire Siidi Ahmed Zarrouk, 2112 Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Maria Vittoria Modica
- Dept. of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms (BEOM), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Po 25c, I-00198 Roma, Italy
| | - Yehu Moran
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Ayse Nalbantsoy
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - María Eugenia Pachón Ibáñez
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology, and Preventive Medicine, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexios Panagiotopoulos
- Metabolic Engineering and Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), Patras GR-26504, Greece.,Animal Biology Division, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, GR-26500, Greece
| | - Eitan Reuveny
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Javier Sánchez Céspedes
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology, and Preventive Medicine, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andy Sombke
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Joachim M Surm
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Eivind A B Undheim
- University of Oslo, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Postboks 1066 Blindern 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Aida Verdes
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Giulia Zancolli
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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5
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Ranasinghe RASN, Wijesekara WLI, Perera PRD, Senanayake SA, Pathmalal MM, Marapana RAUJ. Nutritional Value and Potential Applications of Jellyfish. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2022.2060717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. A. S. N. Ranasinghe
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - W. L. I. Wijesekara
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - P. R. D. Perera
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - S. A. Senanayake
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - M. M. Pathmalal
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - R. A. U. J. Marapana
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
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6
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Evaluation of the effects of Loxosceles intermedia’s venom in zebrafish. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:1410-1418. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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7
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Becerra-Amezcua MP, Rincón-Guevara MA, Hernández-Calderas I, Guzmán-García X, Guerrero-Legarreta I, González-Márquez H. Metalloproteinases and NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductase within of Bay nettle ( Chrysaora chesapeakei) venom. TOXIN REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2020.1870497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xochitl Guzmán-García
- Departamento de Hidrobiología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de México, México
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8
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Mohan Prakash RL, Hwang DH, Hong IH, Chae J, Kang C, Kim E. Danio rerio as an alternative vertebrate model for jellyfish venom study: The toxinological aspects of Nemopilema nomurai venom. Toxicol Lett 2020; 335:91-97. [PMID: 33157172 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Nemopilema nomurai venom (NnV) is severely toxic to many organisms. However, the mechanism of its poisoning has not been properly understood yet. The present work demonstrates that zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an alternative vertebrate model for studying NnV jellyfish venom for the first time. In this model, NnV appears to cause severe hemorrhage and inflammation in cardiopulmonary regions of zebrafish. NnV also altered the swimming behavior of zebrafish accompanied by a significant downregulation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in brain tissues. Histopathological changes observed for various organs of D. rerio caused by NnV corresponded to an increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in tissues. NnV also significantly altered glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in cardiopulmonary and brain tissues of D. rerio. SDS-PAGE revealed many protein bands of NnV of various sizes after silver staining. Taken together, these results indicate that Danio rerio can be a useful alternative animal model for jellyfish venom toxicology studies. Findings of the present study also suggest that Danio rerio could be used to develop an effective treatment strategy and discover the mechanism of action of jellyfish venom envenomation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramachandran Loganathan Mohan Prakash
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea; Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea.
| | - Du Hyeon Hwang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea; Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea.
| | - Il-Hwa Hong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea; Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea.
| | - Jinho Chae
- Marine Environmental Research and Information Laboratory, B1101, 17 Gosan-ro 148beon-gil, Gunpo-si, Gyeonggi-do, 15850, South Korea.
| | - Changkeun Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea; Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea.
| | - Euikyung Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea; Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea.
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9
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Costa R, Capillo G, Albergamo A, Li Volsi R, Bartolomeo G, Bua G, Ferracane A, Savoca S, Gervasi T, Rando R, Dugo G, Spanò N. A Multi-screening Evaluation of the Nutritional and Nutraceutical Potential of the Mediterranean Jellyfish Pelagia noctiluca. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17030172. [PMID: 30884901 PMCID: PMC6470882 DOI: 10.3390/md17030172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The phylum Cnidaria is one of the most important contributors in providing abundance of bio- and chemodiversity. In this study, a comprehensive chemical investigation on the nutritional and nutraceutical properties of Mediterranean jellyfish Pelagia noctiluca was carried out. Also, compositional differences between male and female organisms, as well as between their main anatomical parts, namely bell and oral arms, were explored in an attempt to select the best potential sources of nutrients and/or nutraceuticals from jellyfish. With the exception of higher energy densities and total phenolic contents observed in females than males, no statistically significant differences related to the specimen's sex were highlighted for the other compound classes. Rather, the distribution of the investigated chemical classes varied depending on the jellyfish's body parts. In fact, crude proteins were more abundant in oral arms than bells; saturated fatty acids were more concentrated in bells than oral arms, whereas polyunsaturated fatty acids were distributed in the exact opposite way. On the other hand, major elements and trace elements demonstrated an opposite behavior, being the latter most accumulated in oral arms than bells. Additionally, important nutraceuticals, such as eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, and antioxidant minerals, were determined. Overall, obtained data suggest the potential employment of the Mediterranean P. noctiluca for the development of natural aquafeed and food supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Costa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche, e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (Biomorf), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Gioele Capillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Ambrogina Albergamo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche, e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (Biomorf), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
- Science4Life s.r.l., a Spin-Off of the University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Rosalia Li Volsi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Bartolomeo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche, e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (Biomorf), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
- Science4Life s.r.l., a Spin-Off of the University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Bua
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche, e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (Biomorf), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
- Science4Life s.r.l., a Spin-Off of the University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Antonio Ferracane
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche, e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (Biomorf), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
- Science4Life s.r.l., a Spin-Off of the University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Serena Savoca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Teresa Gervasi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche, e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (Biomorf), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
- Science4Life s.r.l., a Spin-Off of the University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Rossana Rando
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche, e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (Biomorf), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Dugo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche, e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (Biomorf), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
- Science4Life s.r.l., a Spin-Off of the University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Nunziacarla Spanò
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche, e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (Biomorf), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
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10
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Remigante A, Costa R, Morabito R, La Spada G, Marino A, Dossena S. Impact of Scyphozoan Venoms on Human Health and Current First Aid Options for Stings. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10040133. [PMID: 29570625 PMCID: PMC5923299 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10040133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cnidaria include the most venomous animals of the world. Among Cnidaria, Scyphozoa (true jellyfish) are ubiquitous, abundant, and often come into accidental contact with humans and, therefore, represent a threat for public health and safety. The venom of Scyphozoa is a complex mixture of bioactive substances—including thermolabile enzymes such as phospholipases, metalloproteinases, and, possibly, pore-forming proteins—and is only partially characterized. Scyphozoan stings may lead to local and systemic reactions via toxic and immunological mechanisms; some of these reactions may represent a medical emergency. However, the adoption of safe and efficacious first aid measures for jellyfish stings is hampered by the diffusion of folk remedies, anecdotal reports, and lack of consensus in the scientific literature. Species-specific differences may hinder the identification of treatments that work for all stings. However, rinsing the sting site with vinegar (5% acetic acid) and the application of heat (hot pack/immersion in hot water) or lidocaine appear to be substantiated by evidence. Controlled clinical trials or reliable models of envenomation are warranted to confirm the efficacy and safety of these approaches and identify possible species-specific exceptions. Knowledge of the precise composition of Scyphozoa venom may open the way to molecule-oriented therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Remigante
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria.
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Roberta Costa
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Rossana Morabito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Giuseppa La Spada
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Angela Marino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Silvia Dossena
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria.
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Cnidarian Jellyfish: Ecological Aspects, Nematocyst Isolation, and Treatment Methods of Sting. Results Probl Cell Differ 2018; 65:477-513. [PMID: 30083932 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-92486-1_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cnidarians play an important role in ecosystem functioning, in the competition among species, and for possible utilization of several active compounds against cardiovascular, nervous, endocrine, immune, infective, and inflammatory disorders or having antitumoral properties, which have been extracted from these organisms. Nevertheless, notwithstanding these promising features, the main reason for which cnidarians are known is due to their venomousness as they have a serious impact on public health as well as in economy being able to affect some human activities. For this reason a preeminent subject of the research about cnidarians is the organization of proper systems and methods of care and treatment of stinging. This chapter aims to present the data about the morphological, ecological, toxicological, epidemiological, and therapeutic aspects regarding cnidarians with the purpose to summarize the existing knowledge and to stimulate future perspectives in the research on these organisms.
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