1
|
Costa RS, Winslow CM, Veltri CA, Lozoya M, Norris JW. Pharmacokinetic profile and physiological effects of oral and compounded intravenous gabapentin in goats. Vet Anaesth Analg 2024; 51:539-547. [PMID: 39142986 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2024.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the pharmacokinetics and physiological effects following oral and intravenous (IV) administration of gabapentin in goats. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, crossover study with a 3 week washout period between treatments. ANIMALS A total of eight healthy, client-owned, female goats. METHODS Gabapentin (10 mg kg-1) was administered to goats either orally or IV. Gabapentin concentrations were measured in serum samples collected 0-96 hours post-administration using liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure and temperature were recorded before and throughout the study. Correlations of the mean serum concentrations of gabapentin to those of each physiological parameter were determined using the Pearson method. RESULTS The mean and standard deviation of oral bioavailability for gabapentin was 60.9 ± 11.2%. Maximum serum concentration of gabapentin was lower following oral (1.19 ± 0.29 μg mL-1) than after IV administration (59.76 ± 14.38 μg mL-1, p < 0.0001). Half-lives were longer following PO (8.18 ± 0.57 hours) than after IV administration (1.79 ± 0.06 hours, p < 0.0001). Time to maximum concentration was 6.86 ± 2.27 hours following oral administration. Heart rate was inversely correlated with serum gabapentin concentrations. Slight ataxia was observed in three animals, and one became recumbent following IV gabapentin. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Gabapentin is well-absorbed following oral administration to goats but yielded significantly lower serum concentrations than the IV route. The longer half-life of gabapentin following oral than after IV administration may result from prolonged absorption throughout the caprine gastrointestinal tract. IV gabapentin may cause slight ataxia in some goats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata S Costa
- Department of Specialty Medicine, Midwestern University Companion Animal Hospital, Glendale, AZ, USA.
| | - Christine M Winslow
- Department of Specialty Medicine, Midwestern University Companion Animal Hospital, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Charles A Veltri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Maria Lozoya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Norris
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Green BT, Welch KD, Lee ST, Stonecipher CA, Gardner DR, Stegelmeier BL, Davis TZ, Cook D. Biomarkers and their potential for detecting livestock plant poisonings in Western North America. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1104702. [PMID: 36908517 PMCID: PMC9992831 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1104702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The United States National Cancer Institute defines a biomarker as: "A biological molecule found in blood, other body fluids, or tissues that is a sign of a normal or abnormal process, or of a condition or disease." In Veterinary Medicine, biomarkers associated with plant poisonings of livestock have great utility. Since grazing livestock poisoned by toxic plants are often found dead, biomarkers of plant poisoning allow for a more rapid postmortem diagnosis and response to prevent further deaths. The presence and concentration of toxins in poisonous plants are biomarkers of risk for livestock poisoning that can be measured by the chemical analysis of plant material. More difficult is, the detection of plant toxins or biomarkers in biological samples from intoxicated or deceased animals. The purpose of this article is to review potential biomarkers of plant poisoning in grazing livestock in the Western North America including recently investigated non-invasive sampling techniques. Plants discussed include larkspur, lupine, water hemlock, swainsonine-containing plants, selenium-containing plants, and pyrrolizidine alkaloid containing plants. Other factors such as animal age and sex that affect plant biomarker concentrations in vivo are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benedict T Green
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Kevin D Welch
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Stephen T Lee
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Clinton A Stonecipher
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Dale R Gardner
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Bryan L Stegelmeier
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Logan, UT, United States
| | - T Zane Davis
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Daniel Cook
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Logan, UT, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Green BT, Keele JW, Bennett GL, Gardner DR, Stonecipher CA, Cook D, Pfister JA. Animal and plant factors which affect larkspur toxicosis in cattle: Sex, age, breed, and plant chemotype. Toxicon 2019; 165:31-39. [PMID: 31029637 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Larkspur (Delphinium spp.) poisoning is a long-term problem for cattle grazing on rangelands of western North America. Recent research has shown that both plant and animal-based factors are critical in understanding and mitigating larkspur poisoning in cattle. Non-toxicological factors including sex, age, cattle breed, and plant chemotype affect cattle responses to larkspur. For example, Angus heifers are more susceptible to larkspur intoxication than are steers or bulls. Young cattle appear to be more susceptible to larkspur poisoning than mature animals. Beef breeds of cattle are more susceptible to larkspur intoxication than dairy breeds. In addition to animal factors, plant alkaloid composition (chemotype) affects the potential toxicity for cattle because of differences in the ratios and concentrations of highly toxic N-(methylsuccinimido) anthranoyllycoctonine (MSAL)-type alkaloids compared to less lethal non-MSAL-type alkaloids. Animal- and plant-based factors can provide substantial information to inform livestock producers on management to reduce risk and cattle losses to various larkspur species in western North America.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benedict T Green
- USDA-ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341, United States.
| | - John W Keele
- USDA-ARS, Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933, United States
| | - Gary L Bennett
- USDA-ARS, Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933, United States
| | - Dale R Gardner
- USDA-ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341, United States
| | - Clint A Stonecipher
- USDA-ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341, United States
| | - Daniel Cook
- USDA-ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341, United States
| | - James A Pfister
- USDA-ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Green BT, Keele JW, Gardner DR, Welch KD, Bennett GL, Cook D, Pfister JA, Davis TZ, Stonecipher CA, Lee ST, Stegelmeier BL. Sex-dependent differences for larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi) toxicosis in yearling Angus cattle1. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:1424-1432. [PMID: 30772914 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Larkspur (Delphinium spp.) poisoning is a long-term problem for cattle grazing on rangelands of western North America. Results from preliminary experiments have suggested that differences in larkspur toxicity may exist between heifers and bulls. The objective of this study was to compare the physiological responses of yearling Angus heifers, steers, and bulls with a standardized dose of Delphinium barbeyi and to test the hypothesis that the response is sex dependent. Clinical signs of intoxication, including muscle coordination and function, were measured 24 h after oral dosing with larkspur by walking the cattle at a pace of 5 to 6 km h-1 for up to 40 min on an oval dirt track. Due to the experimental methods used, the variation in susceptibility to larkspur was not quantifiable for walking times of 0 or 40 min or more. Larkspur susceptible animals that were not able to walk (0 min; 36% of the animals) or larkspur resistant animals that walked the entire test period of 40 min (9% of the animals) resulted in censored or truncated data. The statistical methods (censReg and lmec) were used to adjust for data truncation or censoring. The heifers were only able to walk -8.9 ± 3.9 min (65.5% censored on the left) compared with 13.2 ± 3.7 min for bulls and 15.9 ± 2.7 min for steers. When heifers were compared with bulls and steers together, heifers walked 23.4 ± 4.5 min less (P < 0.0001). Serum alkaloid concentrations were measured immediately before walking, and deltaline concentrations averaged 266 ± 28, 131 ± 20, and 219 ± 28 ng mL-1 for all heifers, steers, and bulls, respectively, and serum methyllycaconitine concentrations averaged 660 ± 46, 397 ± 32, and 612 ± 34 ng mL-1 for all heifers, steers, and bulls, respectively. The relative risk of a zero walk time for yearling heifers is 330% that of yearling bulls (P = 0.0008). These results suggest that yearling Angus heifers are more susceptible to larkspur intoxication and, when possible, heifers should be kept from grazing larkspur-infested rangelands as a simple management tool to reduce the risk of fatal poisoning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - John W Keele
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE
| | - Dale R Gardner
- USDA-ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT
| | - Kevin D Welch
- USDA-ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT
| | - Gary L Bennett
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE
| | - Daniel Cook
- USDA-ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT
| | | | - T Zane Davis
- USDA-ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT
| | | | - Stephen T Lee
- USDA-ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lei L, Sun W, He L, Jiang H, Zhang M, He W, Hu Z, Gu Y, Song H, Zhang Y. Cardiotoxicity of Consolida rugulosa, a poisonous weed in Western China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 170:141-147. [PMID: 30529612 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Poisonous weeds are a global problem since they not only hinder local economic development, but also cause ecological harm. Consolida rugulosa (family Ranunculaceae) is a weed that is widespread in Northwestern China and causes severe poisoning when ingested by livestock. In the present study, we purified the toxins in this plant and investigated their mechanism of action. Five natural diterpene alkaloids (compounds 1-5)-including two new compounds (1 and 2)-were isolated, and five semi-synthetic derivatives (6-10) were synthesised based on 4 or 5 for structure-activity analysis. The toxicity of the compounds was evaluated in vitro with lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. All of the compounds-especially 1-stimulated LDH release in primary cultured rat myocardial cells, an effect that was blocked by the Na+ channel blocker lidocaine. Electrocardiography revealed that rats treated with 1 had severe arrhythmia, while heart Doppler echocardiography and analysis of serum biomarkers levels revealed that administration of 1 for 15 days induced changes in cardiac structure and myocardial enzyme levels. These effects were antagonised by lidocaine treatment. Thus, diterpene alkaloids are the main compounds responsible for the cardiotoxicity of C. rugulosa, which can be mitigated by co-administration of lidocaine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Lei
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Weiguang Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Long He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hongfeng Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Mingjin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wenjuan He
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhengxi Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ye Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hongping Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Song H, Huang Y, Zhu D, Tong S, Zhang M, Wang X, Bao X. Pharmacokinetic Study of Deltaline in Mouse Blood Based on UPLCMS/ MS. CURR PHARM ANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412914666181011124515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Deltaline, an aconitine-type alkaloid, was detected in mouse blood using an
ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method, and the
pharmacokinetics of deltaline following intravenous administration in mice was studied.
</P><P>
Materials and Methods: The gelsenicine was used as the internal standard (IS). Deltaline and IS were
eluted at a flow rate of 0.4 ml/min and separated on a UPLC BEH C18 column by gradient elution using
acetonitrile and 10 mmol/L ammonium acetate (0.1% formic acid) as a mobile phase. The following
transitions were obtained at m/z 508.2→75.0 for deltaline and m/z 327.1→107.8 for gelsenicine in multiple
reactions monitoring mode. Acetonitrile was used to precipitate protein. Six mice after intravenous
administration of a single dose of deltaline (1 mg/kg), 20-µL blood samples from each mouse were
collected from the tail vein.
Results:
The UPLC-MS/MS method was sensitive and linear (r>0.995) with a lower limit of quantitation
(LLOQ) of 0.1 ng/mL over the range of 0.1-500 ng/mL. Intra- and inter-day precisions were below
13%, the accuracy range was between 88.0% and 108.2%, the recovery was higher than 90.1%, and the
matrix effect was between 102.9% and 108.1%.
Conclusion:
The method was sensitive, fast, specific, and has been successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic
study of deltaline after intravenous administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huanchun Song
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinhua Central Hospital, Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Yiwei Huang
- Analytical and Testing Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Dongqing Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Shuhua Tong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinhua Central Hospital, Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Meiling Zhang
- Analytical and Testing Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xianqin Wang
- Analytical and Testing Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xi Bao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Age-dependent intoxication by larkspur (Delphinium) in Angus steers. Toxicon 2018; 152:57-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|