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Bertazzo-Silva FA, Putzke J, Furlan-Lopes C, D'ávila MF, Costa AL, Carvalho EL, Zorzi AF, Schaefer CEGR. Expanding geographic distribution knowledge of Galerinamarginata (Batsch) Kühner (Agaricales, Hymenogastraceae) with a novel Antarctic record. Biodivers Data J 2024; 12:e125727. [PMID: 38948134 PMCID: PMC11214013 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.12.e125727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The investigation of Agaricales diversity in the Antarctica is limited, with only seven genera reported for the region. Galerina stands out as the genus with the highest species diversity, including 12 species in Antarctica. This research reports the presence of G.marginata in the region, providing the first complete morphological description for the specimen developing in Antarctica. Sampling was conducted during the Austral summer of 2022/2023 as part of the XLI Brazilian Antarctic Operation in Point Smellie, Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island, South Shetland Archipelago, Antarctica. Phylogenetic relationships reconstructed by Maximum Likelihood demonstrate that G.marginata forms a monophyletic clade with over 60% bootstrap support in most branches. The isolate in this study was found to be internal to the main cluster. Evolutionary reconstructions using the Maximum Likelihood method indicate that the branches correspond to the Antarctic isolate being an internal clade within the marginata group. Recording fungal populations in polar regions offers information about their adaptation and survival in inhospitable environments. Understanding the species' distribution in Antarctica encourages future investigations into its ecology and interactions with other organisms. Here, data are presented to establish an initial foundation for monitoring the G.marginata population in Antarctica and assessing the potential impacts of climate change on its development and survival in the forthcoming years. New information We report the third occurrence of Galerinamarginata (Batsch) Kühner in Antarctica and provide, for the first time, a comprehensive morphological description of an individual of the species for the Antarctic continent, accompanied by phylogenetic analyses and comprehensive discussions regarding its diversity and global distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Augusto Bertazzo-Silva
- Laboratório de Taxonomia de Fungos, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), São Gabriel, RS, BrazilLaboratório de Taxonomia de Fungos, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA)São Gabriel, RSBrazil
| | - Jair Putzke
- Laboratório de Taxonomia de Fungos, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), São Gabriel, RS, BrazilLaboratório de Taxonomia de Fungos, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA)São Gabriel, RSBrazil
| | - Cassiane Furlan-Lopes
- Laboratório de Taxonomia de Fungos, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), São Gabriel, RS, BrazilLaboratório de Taxonomia de Fungos, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA)São Gabriel, RSBrazil
| | - Maricia Fantinel D'ávila
- Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), São Gabriel, RS, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA)São Gabriel, RSBrazil
| | - Alice Lemos Costa
- Laboratório de Taxonomia de Fungos, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), São Gabriel, RS, BrazilLaboratório de Taxonomia de Fungos, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA)São Gabriel, RSBrazil
| | - Evelise Leis Carvalho
- Laboratório de Taxonomia de Fungos, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), São Gabriel, RS, BrazilLaboratório de Taxonomia de Fungos, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA)São Gabriel, RSBrazil
| | - Ana Flavia Zorzi
- Laboratório de Taxonomia de Fungos, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), São Gabriel, RS, BrazilLaboratório de Taxonomia de Fungos, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA)São Gabriel, RSBrazil
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Yilmaz I, Akata I, Horoz E, Kaya E. Lepiota castanea mushroom growing in Turkiye does not contain phallotoxins and amatoxins. Toxicon 2024; 243:107736. [PMID: 38670498 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The number of poisoning cases caused by the Lepiota genus is globally increasing. This genus has more poisonous species than the Amanita genus, and many Lepiota species can cause severe toxicity and death if ingested. As recognized in the literature, L. castanea is a toxic species containing amatoxin. Although crude analytical methods have shown that L. castanea contains amatoxins, more recent and sensitive analyses suggest otherwise. Toxin concentrations can vary even among the same fungal species due to geographical and climatic differences. Therefore, this confusion can be resolved by analyzing L. castanea toxins from different geographical regions. This study aimed to demonstrate the toxin levels of L. castanea collected from forests in different regions of Turkiye (Istanbul and Kocaeli) using sensitive methods. The collected mushrooms were analyzed for alpha amanitin, beta amanitin, gamma amanitin, amanin, phallacidin, and phalloidin levels using RP-HPLC-UV and LC-ESI-MS/MS methods. L. castanea mushroom was found to be free of amatoxin and phallotoxin. Our study revealed for the first time that L. castanea mushrooms from different geographical regions of Turkiye do not contain amatoxin and phallotoxin. Supporting these findings with new studies from different parts of the world would be appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Yilmaz
- Izmir Kâtip Celebi University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 35360, Karabaglar, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ilgaz Akata
- Ankara University Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 06560, Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ersan Horoz
- Izmir Kâtip Celebi University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 35360, Karabaglar, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Ertugrul Kaya
- Nigde Omer Halisdemir University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, 51240, Nigde, Turkey
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Barbosa I, Domingues C, Ramos F, Barbosa RM. Analytical methods for amatoxins: A comprehensive review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 232:115421. [PMID: 37146495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Amatoxins are toxic bicyclic octapeptides found in certain wild mushroom species, particularly Amanita phalloides. These mushrooms contain predominantly α- and β-amanitin, which can lead to severe health risks for humans and animals if ingested. Rapid and accurate identification of these toxins in mushroom and biological samples is crucial for diagnosing and treating mushroom poisoning. Analytical methods for the determination of amatoxins are critical to ensure food safety and prompt medical treatment. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the research literature on the determination of amatoxins in clinical specimens, biological and mushroom samples. We discuss the physicochemical properties of toxins, highlighting their influence on the choice of the analytical method and the importance of sample preparation, particularly solid-phase extraction with cartridges. Chromatographic methods are emphasised with a focus on liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry as one of the most relevant analytical method for the determination of amatoxins in complex matrices. Furthermore, current trends and future perspectives in amatoxin detection are also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Barbosa
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Cátia Domingues
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, R. D. Manuel II, Apartado, Oporto 55142, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fernando Ramos
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, R. D. Manuel II, Apartado, Oporto 55142, Portugal
| | - Rui M Barbosa
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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Zhang YZ, Yan YY, Li HJ, Fan YG, Xu F. Toxin screening of Pseudosperma umbrinellum (Agaricals, Basidiomycota): First report of phalloidin in Inocybaceae mushroom. Toxicon 2022; 217:155-161. [PMID: 35998714 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Pseudosperma species are widely distributed worldwide. Many of them cause poisoning incidents every year, and the toxin responsible for poisoning is muscarine, which could stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system. This study established a method using multiwalled carbon nanotube purification and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the targeted screening of mushroom toxins (muscarine, isoxazole derivatives, tryptamine alkaloids, three amatoxins and three phallotoxins) from Pseudosperma umbrinellum, a common poisonous mushroom distributed in north and northwestern China. Surprisingly, in addition to muscarine, phalloidin was also detected in P. umbrinellum, and the contents were 3022.2 ± 604.4 to 4002.3 ± 804.6 mg/kg (k = 2; p = 95%) muscarine and 5.9 ± 1.2 to 9.3 ± 1.8 mg/kg (k = 2; p = 95%) phalloidin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhe Zhang
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Ya Yan
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Diseases Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Hai-Jiao Li
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Yu-Guang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Tropical Environment and Health Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China.
| | - Fei Xu
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Diseases Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China; Physical and Chemical Department, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.
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Bayram R, Yilmaz I, Yaykasli KO, Kaya E. Erdosteine reduces alpha- and beta-amanitin-induced cytotoxicity, not gamma-amanitin, in CA3 hepatocyte cultures. Toxicon 2022; 213:52-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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