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Hora PS, Nogueira Junior JRDJ, Couto RD, Campos LMDCC, Soares TDJ, Casais-E-Silva LL, Souza SID. Renal functional and structural alterations induced by intramuscular injection of Bothrops leucurus venom. Toxicon 2023; 234:107265. [PMID: 37673342 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the main cause of death from Bothrops snakebite. Although many studies have investigated the nephrotoxicity induced by other Bothrops species, no study has assessed the renal alterations induced by intramuscular (i.m.) injection of Bothrops leucurus venom. In this study, we evaluated the nephrotoxicity induced by B. leucurus venom by analyzing renal function and histology. Wistar rats were submitted to i. m. injection of B. leucurus venom or saline and divided into two groups: Control group (C), rats submitted to i. m. injections of saline, and B. leucurus group (Bl), rats submitted to i. m. injections of B. leucurus venom (1 mg/kg). After venom or saline injection, serum and urine were collected to measure creatinine, albumin, sodium, and potassium levels. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urinary flow urinary, creatinine/serum creatinine ratio, and albuminuria-urinary creatinine ratio were determined. All rats were euthanized 72 h following the injections, and the kidneys were removed for histology and immunohistochemical studies. B. leucurus experimental envenoming was accompanied by an increase of 236% in serum creatine kinase activity in the Bl group. The weights of the right and left kidneys were, respectively, 26 and 22% higher in rats of the Bl group than in control rats. Regarding renal function, the Bl group showed a decrease of 37% in GFR compared to control group. The rats of the Bl group also presented increased cortical (8.20 ± 1.35) and medullar (6.17 ± 2.00) tubulointerstitial lesion area when compared to control group (0.02 ± 0.00) (1.20 ± 0.73), respectively. The number of macrophages was also higher in the renal cortex (6.66 ± 0.06) and medulla (1.22 ± 0.10) of rats from the Bl group when compared to control rats (1.04 ± 0.55), (0.65 ± 0.10), respectively. Our results indicate that B. leucurus venom promoted significant histological and functional renal alterations following intramuscular inoculation, which simulates the majority of snakebites observed in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Santos Hora
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, 45029094, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo David Couto
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40170115, Brazil
| | | | - Telma de Jesus Soares
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, 45029094, Brazil
| | | | - Samira Itana de Souza
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40231300, Brazil.
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A rat model of acute kidney injury caused by multiple subcutaneous injections of Asian giant hornet (Vespa mandarina Smith) venom. Toxicon 2022; 213:23-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Silva A, Hodgson WC, Tasoulis T, Isbister GK. Rodent Lethality Models Are Problematic for Evaluating Antivenoms for Human Envenoming. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:830384. [PMID: 35185582 PMCID: PMC8850383 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.830384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Silva
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Sri Lanka
- Monash Venom Group, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Wayne C. Hodgson
- Monash Venom Group, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Theo Tasoulis
- Clinical Toxicology Research Group, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Geoffrey K. Isbister
- South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
- Clinical Toxicology Research Group, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Geoffrey K. Isbister,
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