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Wang Y, Cheng W, Zhu J, He L, Ren W, Bao D, Piao JG. Programmed Co-delivery of tamoxifen and docetaxel using lipid-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles for overcoming CYP3A4-mediated resistance in triple-negative breast cancer treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116084. [PMID: 38157645 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to revolutionize the treatment of aggressive triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), notorious for its resistance to standard therapies. By ingeniously combining Tamoxifen (TMX) and Docetaxel (DTX) within a lipid-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticle (LP-MSN) delivery system, we intend to enhance therapeutic efficacy while circumventing DTX resistance mediated by CYP3A4 expression. METHODS We rigorously tested TNBC cell lines to confirm the responsiveness to Docetaxel (DTX) and Tamoxifen (TMX). We adeptly engineered LP-MSN nanoparticles and conducted a thorough examination of the optimal drug release strategy, evaluating the LP-MSN system's ability to mitigate the impact of CYP3A4 on DTX. Additionally, we comprehensively analyzed its pharmacological performance. RESULTS Our innovative approach utilizing TMX and DTX within LP-MSN showcased remarkable efficacy. Sequential drug release from the lipid layer and mesoporous core curbed CYP3A4-mediated metabolism, substantially enhancing cytotoxic effects on TNBC cells without harming normal cells. CONCLUSION This pioneering research introduces a breakthrough strategy for tackling TNBC. By capitalizing on synergistic TMX and DTX effects via LP-MSN, we surmount drug resistance mediated by CYP3A4. This advancement holds immense potential for transforming TNBC treatment, warranting further clinical validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Wang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - WeiYi Cheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jingjing Zhu
- Fuyang TCM Hospital of Orthopedics Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Hangzhou Fuyang Hospital of Orthopedics of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Li He
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - WeiYe Ren
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Dandan Bao
- Department of Dermatology & Cosmetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Ji-Gang Piao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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2
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Meo L, Savarese M, Munno C, Mirabelli P, Ragno P, Leone O, Alfieri M. Circulating Biomarkers for Monitoring Chemotherapy-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Children. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2712. [PMID: 38140053 PMCID: PMC10747387 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Most commonly diagnosed cancer pathologies in the pediatric population comprise leukemias and cancers of the nervous system. The percentage of cancer survivors increased from approximatively 50% to 80% thanks to improvements in medical treatments and the introduction of new chemotherapies. However, as a consequence, heart disease has become the main cause of death in the children due to the cardiotoxicity induced by chemotherapy treatments. The use of different cardiovascular biomarkers, complementing data obtained from electrocardiogram, echocardiography cardiac imaging, and evaluation of clinical symptoms, is considered a routine in clinical diagnosis, prognosis, risk stratification, and differential diagnosis. Cardiac troponin and natriuretic peptides are the best-validated biomarkers broadly accepted in clinical practice for the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome and heart failure, although many other biomarkers are used and several potential markers are currently under study and possibly will play a more prominent role in the future. Several studies have shown how the measurement of cardiac troponin (cTn) can be used for the early detection of heart damage in oncological patients treated with potentially cardiotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs. The advent of high sensitive methods (hs-cTnI or hs-cTnT) further improved the effectiveness of risk stratification and monitoring during treatment cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigia Meo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (L.M.); (P.R.)
| | - Maria Savarese
- Clinical Pathology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, 80123 Naples, Italy; (M.S.); (C.M.); (O.L.)
| | - Carmen Munno
- Clinical Pathology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, 80123 Naples, Italy; (M.S.); (C.M.); (O.L.)
| | - Peppino Mirabelli
- Clinical and Translational Research Unit, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, 80123 Naples, Italy;
| | - Pia Ragno
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (L.M.); (P.R.)
| | - Ornella Leone
- Clinical Pathology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, 80123 Naples, Italy; (M.S.); (C.M.); (O.L.)
| | - Mariaevelina Alfieri
- Clinical Pathology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, 80123 Naples, Italy; (M.S.); (C.M.); (O.L.)
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3
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Cuscó C, Garcia J, Nicolás E, Rocas P, Rocas J. Multisensitive drug-loaded polyurethane/polyurea nanocapsules with pH-synchronized shell cationization and redox-triggered release. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01275b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A one-pot versatile method for the preparation of sub-30 nm multisensitive polyurethane/polyurea nanocapsules with pH-synchronized shell cationization is presented. The nanocapsules have been loaded with different drugs which are released through a redox-triggered mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cuscó
- Nanobiotechnological Polymers Division
- Ecopol Tech
- 43720 L'Arboç del Penedès
- Spain
- Organic Chemistry Section
| | - Jordi Garcia
- Organic Chemistry Section
- Inorganic and Organic Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Chemistry
- CIBERobn and IBUB
- University of Barcelona
| | - Ernesto Nicolás
- Organic Chemistry Section
- Inorganic and Organic Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Chemistry
- CIBERobn and IBUB
- University of Barcelona
| | - Pau Rocas
- Nanobiotechnological Polymers Division
- Ecopol Tech
- 43720 L'Arboç del Penedès
- Spain
| | - Josep Rocas
- Nanobiotechnological Polymers Division
- Ecopol Tech
- 43720 L'Arboç del Penedès
- Spain
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4
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He S, Yang H, Zhang R, Li Y, Duan L. Preparation and in vitro – in vivo evaluation of teniposide nanosuspensions. Int J Pharm 2015; 478:131-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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5
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Zhang C, Xu Y, Zhong Q, Li X, Gao P, Feng C, Chu Q, Chen Y, Liu D. In vitro evaluation of the inhibitory potential of pharmaceutical excipients on human carboxylesterase 1A and 2. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93819. [PMID: 24699684 PMCID: PMC3974814 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Two major forms of human carboxylesterase (CES), CES1A and CES2, dominate the pharmacokinetics of most prodrugs such as imidapril and irinotecan (CPT-11). Excipients, largely used as insert vehicles in formulation, have been recently reported to affect drug enzyme activity. The influence of excipients on the activity of CES remains undefined. In this study, the inhibitory effects of 25 excipients on the activities of CES1A1 and CES2 were evaluated. Imidapril and CPT-11 were used as substrates and cultured with liver microsomes in vitro. Imidapril hydrolase activities of recombinant CES1A1 and human liver microsomes (HLM) were strongly inhibited by sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) and polyoxyl 40 hydrogenated castor oil (RH40) [Inhibition constant (Ki) = 0.04 ± 0.01 μg/ml and 0.20 ± 0.09 μg/ml for CES1A1, and 0.12 ± 0.03 μg/ml and 0.76 ± 0.33 μg/ml, respectively, for HLM]. The enzyme hydrolase activity of recombinant CES2 was substantially inhibited by Tween 20 and polyoxyl 35 castor oil (EL35) (K(i) = 0.93 ± 0.36 μg/ml and 4.4 ± 1.24 μg/ml, respectively). Thus, these results demonstrate that surfactants such as SLS, RH40, Tween 20 and EL35 may attenuate the CES activity; such inhibition should be taken into consideration during drug administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengliang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji hospital, Tongji medical school, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanjiao Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji hospital, Tongji medical school, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiaoni Zhong
- Hubei Pharmaceutical Industry Research Institute Co. Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji hospital, Tongji medical school, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chengyang Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji hospital, Tongji medical school, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Chu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji hospital, Tongji medical school, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Oncology, Tongji hospital, Tongji medical school, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji hospital, Tongji medical school, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- * E-mail:
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6
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Campos FC, Victorino VJ, Martins-Pinge MC, Cecchini AL, Panis C, Cecchini R. Systemic toxicity induced by paclitaxel in vivo is associated with the solvent cremophor EL through oxidative stress-driven mechanisms. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 68:78-86. [PMID: 24657178 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The toxic effects of paclitaxel (PTX) and its solubilizing agent cremophor EL (CREL) have been well established in vitro; however, the in vivo mechanisms underlying this toxicity remain unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the in vivo toxicity induced by infusion of PTX and CREL and to investigate the involvement of oxidative stress as a potential mechanism for this toxicity. We treated male Wistar rats with PTX and/or CREL for 1h using human-equivalent doses (PTX+CREL/ethanol+NaCl 175mg/m(2) or CREL+ethanol+NaCl) and sacrificed immediately or 24h after these drug infusions to systemic biochemical evaluations. Hidrosoluble vitamin E (vitE, Trolox) was added as a control in some groups. The oxidative profile was determined by measuring erythrocyte and plasma lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, red blood cell (RBC) counts, hemoglobin profile, plasma total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP), plasma lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide levels and malondialdehyde levels. Our findings showed that CREL infusion triggered immediate high plasma lipid peroxidation and augmented TRAP, while PTX caused immediate TRAP consumption and metahemoglobin formation. Pronounced oxidative effects were detected 24h after infusion, when CREL treatment enhanced RBC counts and plasma lipid peroxidation, increased catalase activity, and decreased TRAP levels. On the other hand, after 24h, PTX-infused rats showed reduced catalase activity and reduced metahemoglobin levels. These data indicate the existence of a continuous oxidative stress generation during CREL-PTX treatment and highlight CREL as primarily responsible for the in vivo oxidative damage to RBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda C Campos
- Laboratory of Physiopathology and Free Radicals, Department of Pathology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alessandra L Cecchini
- Laboratory of Physiopathology and Free Radicals, Department of Pathology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Carolina Panis
- Laboratory of Physiopathology and Free Radicals, Department of Pathology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; State University of West Paraná, UNIOESTE, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil..
| | - Rubens Cecchini
- Laboratory of Physiopathology and Free Radicals, Department of Pathology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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7
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Chimeddorj T, Suzuki T, Murakane K, Inai M, Satoh M, Oyama Y. Synergistic increase in cell lethality by dieldrin and H2O2 in rat thymocytes: effect of dieldrin on the cells exposed to oxidative stress. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:353-358. [PMID: 23726008 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.04.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Dieldrin, one of persistent pesticides, is highly resistant to biotic and abiotic degradation. It is accumulated in organisms. Recent studies suggest that dieldrin exerts a potent cytotoxic action on cells exposed to oxidative stress. In this study, the effect of dieldrin on rat thymocytes exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress was examined. Dieldrin at 5μM and H2O2 at 300μM slightly increased cell lethality from a control value of 5.4±0.5% (mean±standard deviation of four experiments) to 7.8±1.3% and 9.0±0.3%, respectively. Simultaneous application of dieldrin and H2O2 significantly increased cell lethality to 46.2±1.8%. The synergistic increase in cell lethality was dependent on dieldrin concentration (0.3-5μM) but not on H2O2 concentration (30-300μM). Dieldrin accelerated H2O2-induced cell death, which was estimated with the help of annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide. Presence of either dieldrin or H2O2 decreased the cellular content of nonprotein thiol and increased intracellular Zn(2+) concentration. The combination of dieldrin and H2O2 further pronounced these effects. TPEN, a chelator of intracellular Zn(2+), significantly attenuated the synergistic increase in cell lethality induced by dieldrin and H2O2. It is, therefore, suggested that dieldrin augments the cytotoxicity of H2O2 in a Zn(2+)-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsolmon Chimeddorj
- Division of Environmental Symbiosis Studies, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8502, Japan
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8
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Paolino D, Celia C, Trapasso E, Cilurzo F, Fresta M. Paclitaxel-loaded ethosomes®: Potential treatment of squamous cell carcinoma, a malignant transformation of actinic keratoses. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2012; 81:102-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Mugabe C, Liggins RT, Guan D, Manisali I, Chafeeva I, Brooks DE, Heller M, Jackson JK, Burt HM. Development and in vitro characterization of paclitaxel and docetaxel loaded into hydrophobically derivatized hyperbranched polyglycerols. Int J Pharm 2010; 404:238-49. [PMID: 21093563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Revised: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this study we report the development and in vitro characterization of paclitaxel (PTX) and docetaxel (DTX) loaded into hydrophobically derivatized hyperbranched polyglycerols (HPGs). Several HPGs derivatized with hydrophobic groups (C(8/10) alkyl chains) (HPG-C(8/10)-OH) and/or methoxy polyethylene glycol (MePEG) chains (HPG-C(8/10)-MePEG) were synthesized. PTX or DTX were loaded into these polymers by a solvent evaporation method and the resulting nanoparticle formulations were characterized in terms of size, drug loading, stability, release profiles, cytotoxicity, and cellular uptake. PTX and DTX were found to be chemically unstable in unpurified HPGs and large fractions (∼80%) of the drugs were degraded during the preparation of the formulations. However, both PTX and DTX were found to be chemically stable in purified HPGs. HPGs possessed hydrodynamic radii of less than 10nm and incorporation of PTX or DTX did not affect their size. The release profiles for both PTX and DTX from HPG-C(8/10)-MePEG nanoparticles were characterized by a continuous controlled release with little or no burst phase of release. In vitro cytotoxicity evaluations of PTX and DTX formulations demonstrated a concentration-dependent inhibition of proliferation in KU7 cell line. Cellular uptake studies of rhodamine-labeled HPG (HPG-C(8/10)-MePEG(13)-TMRCA) showed that these nanoparticles were rapidly taken up into cells, and reside in the cytoplasm without entering the nuclear compartment and were highly biocompatible with the KU7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mugabe
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
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10
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Nonionic surfactants are strong inhibitors of cytochrome P450 3A biotransformation activity in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Pharm Sci 2009; 36:401-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2008.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2008] [Revised: 11/01/2008] [Accepted: 11/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Zanatta CF, Ugartondo V, Mitjans M, Rocha-Filho PA, Vinardell MP. Low cytotoxicity of creams and lotions formulated with Buriti oil (Mauritia flexuosa) assessed by the neutral red release test. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46:2776-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2007] [Revised: 03/03/2008] [Accepted: 05/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Chikutei KI, Oyama TM, Ishida S, Okano Y, Kobayashi M, Matsui H, Horimoto K, Nishimura Y, Ueno SY, Oyama Y. Propofol, an anesthetic possessing neuroprotective action against oxidative stress, promotes the process of cell death induced by H2O2 in rat thymocytes. Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 540:18-23. [PMID: 16730701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2005] [Revised: 04/19/2006] [Accepted: 04/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) is a general anesthetic possessing a neuroprotective action against oxidative stress produced by H2O2. H2O2 induces an exposure of phosphatidylserine on outer surface of cell membranes, resulting in change in membrane phospholipid arrangement, in rat thymocytes. Since propofol is highly lipophilic, the agent is presumed to interact with membrane lipids and hence to modify the cell vulnerability to H2O2. Therefore, to test the possibility, we have examined the effect of propofol on rat thymocytes simultaneously incubated with H2O2. Although propofol (up to 30 microM) alone did not significantly affect the cell viability, the agent at 10 microM started to increase the population of dead cells in the presence of 3 mM H2O2 and the significant increase was observed at 30 microM. Propofol at clinically relevant concentrations (10-30 microM) facilitated the process of cell death induced by H2O2 in rat thymocytes. However, propofol protected rat brain neurons against the oxidative stress induced by H2O2 under same experimental condition. Therefore, the action of propofol may be dependent on the type of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichi Chikutei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima 770-8512, Japan
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Gutiérrez MB, Miguel BS, Villares C, Gallego JG, Tuñón MJ. Oxidative stress induced by Cremophor EL is not accompanied by changes in NF-kappaB activation or iNOS expression. Toxicology 2006; 222:125-31. [PMID: 16533553 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2006.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2005] [Revised: 02/06/2006] [Accepted: 02/06/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The effects of polyoxyethylenglycerol triricinoleate 35 (Cremophor EL, CrEL) on markers of oxidative stress, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression were studied in the liver of male Wistar rats. Animals were randomly divided into three groups. Group Cr1 received, i.p., CrEL at 0.046ml/kg daily for 7 days, group Cr2 received CrEL at 0.33ml/kg and the controls were injected with CrEL vehicle (saline solution with 25% ethanol). Both alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) serum activities were significantly increased in the Cr2 group (+16% and +25%, respectively). AST activity was also higher in the Cr1 group when compared to control animals (+20%). The cytosolic concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) increased in both groups of rats receiving CrEL (Cr1: +24%; Cr2: +33%). Reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration was not significantly modified at any of the CrEL doses, but both the hepatic concentration of oxidised glutathione (GSSG) (Cr1: +37%; Cr2: +84%) and the GSH/GSSG ratio (Cr1: -21%; Cr2: -45%) were significantly modified. CrEL induced no significant NF-kappaB activation, changes in p50 and p65 NF-kappaB subunits or induction of iNOS protein. Data obtained indicate that although high doses of CrEL cause oxidative stress, this is not enough to induce changes in NF-kappaB activation or iNOS expression.
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Yamaguchi JY, Nishimura Y, Kanada A, Kobayashi M, Mishima K, Tatsuishi T, Iwase K, Oyama Y. Cremophor EL, a non-ionic surfactant, promotes Ca2+-dependent process of cell death in rat thymocytes. Toxicology 2005; 211:179-86. [PMID: 15925021 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2004.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2004] [Revised: 09/29/2004] [Accepted: 10/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cremophor EL, a surfactant for pharmaceutical products, augments the cytotoxicity of hydrogen peroxide in rat thymocytes [Iwase, K., Oyama, Y., Tatsuishi, T., Yamaguchi1, J., Nishimura1, Y., Kanada, A., Kobayashi, M., Maemura, Y., Ishida, S., Okano, Y., 2004. Cremophor EL augments the cytotoxicity of hydrogen peroxide in lymphocytes dissociated from rat thymus glands. Toxicol. Lett. 154, 143-148]. The effect of cremophor EL on Ca(2+)-dependent process of cell death has been examined using a flow cytometer since hydrogen peroxide increases intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Cremophor EL at clinically-relevant concentrations greatly increased the population of dead cells in rat thymocytes simultaneously treated with A23187, a calcium ionophore increasing intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Removal of Ca2+ from external solution diminished the cremophor EL-induced increase in the dead cell population. Result suggests that Ca(2+)-dependent process is involved in the cremophor EL-induced decrease in the cell viability in the simultaneous presence of A23187. The population of cells with hypodiploidal DNA was not increased by the application of cremophor EL and A23187 although the cell viability was greatly decreased, indicating that the type of cell death is necrosis. It is suggested that cremophor EL at clinically-relevant concentrations augments the Ca(2+)-dependent process of necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ya Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Cellular Signaling, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8502, Japan
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