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Lopes FB, Sarandy MM, Novaes RD, Valacchi G, Gonçalves RV. OxInflammatory Responses in the Wound Healing Process: A Systematic Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:823. [PMID: 39061892 PMCID: PMC11274091 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Significant sums are spent every year to find effective treatments to control inflammation and speed up the repair of damaged skin. This study investigated the main mechanisms involved in the skin wound cure. Consequently, it offered guidance to develop new therapies to control OxInflammation and infection and decrease functional loss and cost issues. This systematic review was conducted using the PRISMA guidelines, with a structured search in the MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, and Web of Science databases, analyzing 23 original studies. Bias analysis and study quality were assessed using the SYRCLE tool (Prospero number is CRD262 936). Our results highlight the activation of membrane receptors (IFN-δ, TNF-α, toll-like) in phagocytes, especially macrophages, during early wound healing. The STAT1, IP3, and NF-kβ pathways are positively regulated, while Ca2+ mobilization correlates with ROS production and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. This pathway activation leads to the proteolytic cleavage of caspase-1, releasing IL-1β and IL-18, which are responsible for immune modulation and vasodilation. Mediators such as IL-1, iNOS, TNF-α, and TGF-β are released, influencing pro- and anti-inflammatory cascades, increasing ROS levels, and inducing the oxidation of lipids, proteins, and DNA. During healing, the respiratory burst depletes antioxidant defenses (SOD, CAT, GST), creating a pro-oxidative environment. The IFN-δ pathway, ROS production, and inflammatory markers establish a positive feedback loop, recruiting more polymorphonuclear cells and reinforcing the positive interaction between oxidative stress and inflammation. This process is crucial because, in the immune system, the vicious positive cycle between ROS, the oxidative environment, and, above all, the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome inappropriately triggers hypoxia, increases ROS levels, activates pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibits the antioxidant action and resolution of anti-inflammatory cytokines, contributing to the evolution of chronic inflammation and tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Barbosa Lopes
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariáurea Matias Sarandy
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Animal Science Department, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Rômulo Dias Novaes
- Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Animal Science Department, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Reggiani Vilela Gonçalves
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Animal Science Department, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
- Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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2
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Roth A, Krishnakumar A, McCain RR, Maruthamuthu MK, McIntosh M, Chen YX, Cox AD, Hopf Jannasch AS, Nguyen J, Seleem MN, Rahimi R. Biocompatibility and Safety Assessment of Combined Topical Ozone and Antibiotics for Treatment of Infected Wounds. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023. [PMID: 37235768 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Wound infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria, particularly the Gram-negative strains, pose a substantial health risk for patients with limited treatment options. Recently topical administration of gaseous ozone and its combination with antibiotics through portable systems has been demonstrated to be a promising approach to eradicate commonly found Gram-negative strains of bacteria in wound infections. However, despite the significant impact of ozone in treating the growing number of antibiotic-resistant infections, uncontrolled and high concentrations of ozone can cause damage to the surrounding tissue. Hence, before such treatments could advance into clinical usage, it is paramount to identify appropriate levels of topical ozone that are effective in treating bacterial infections and safe for use in topical administration. To address this concern, we have conducted a series of in vivo studies to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a portable and wearable adjunct ozone and antibiotic wound therapy system. The concurrent ozone and antibiotics are applied through a wound interfaced gas permeable dressing coated with water-soluble nanofibers containing vancomycin and linezolid (traditionally used to treat Gram-positive infections) and connected to a portable ozone delivery system. The bactericidal properties of the combination therapy were evaluated on an ex vivo wound model infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a common Gram-negative strain of bacteria found in many skin infections with high resistance to a wide range of currently available antibiotics. The results indicated that the optimized combination delivery of ozone (4 mg h-1) and topical antibiotic (200 μg cm-2) provided complete bacteria eradication after 6 h of treatment while having minimum cytotoxicity to human fibroblast cells. Furthermore, in vivo local and systemic toxicity studies (e.g., skin monitoring, skin histopathology, and blood analysis) on pig models showed no signs of adverse effects of ozone and antibiotic combination therapy even after 5 days of continuous administration. The confirmed efficacy and biosafety profile of the adjunct ozone and antibiotic therapy places it as a strong candidate for treating wound infection with antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and further pursuing human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Roth
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Physics and Engineering Department, Taylor University, Upland, Indiana 46989, United States
| | - Akshay Krishnakumar
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Robyn R McCain
- Center for Comparative Translational Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Murali Kanaan Maruthamuthu
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - MacKenzie McIntosh
- Center for Comparative Translational Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yue Xiang Chen
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Abigail D Cox
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Amber S Hopf Jannasch
- Purdue Translational Pharmacology CTSI Core Facility, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Juliane Nguyen
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Mohamed N Seleem
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Rahim Rahimi
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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3
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Tanga BM, Bang S, Fang X, Seo C, De Zoysa M, Saadeldin IM, Lee S, Park SU, Chung SO, Lee GJ, Cho J. Centella asiatica extract in carboxymethyl cellulose at its optimal concentration improved wound healing in mice model. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12031. [PMID: 36531634 PMCID: PMC9747599 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Centella asiatica (C. asiatica) has reported to be one of the traditional herbal remedies, whereas poor water solubility leads to lower bioavailability thereby affecting it remedial efficacy. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate its efficacy through increased bioavailability by using high viscosity Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) as solvent on methanol-based extract on wound healing, in vivo. The preparation was applied as 0.0% (control, CMC alone), 0.25. 0.5 and 1% concentrations of extract of C. asiatica. We evaluated the efficiency of preparations on wound healing progression as progression of wound contraction, tissue proliferation and cells deposition, and relative level of gene expression for genes associated with wound healing. The results showed that 0.5% extract in CMC had significantly higher (P < 0.05) wound contraction than control and other concentrations. The level tissue deposition and the infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells in groups treated with 0.5 % concentration preparation were higher than that other treatments and control. Similarly, the relative level of gene expression in 0.5% concentration treated group were statistically significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of control. It is believed that the lower concentration of the extract would have lessor effect on wound healing, whereas higher concertation would be interfering the optimal inflammatory tissue deposition; and there by negatively affecting wound healing. The results indicated that C. asiatica can be optimally used at 0.5 % of extract in CMC for wound healing as indicated by speeding the progression of wound closure and by increasing the expression of collagen II and III together with reducing the expression of TGFβ1. However, higher concentrations of the crude extract of C. asiatica could paradoxically resulting in undesired effects. It is recommended that further evaluation should be performed on wider scale and the economic feasibility evaluation should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bereket Molla Tanga
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonggyu Bang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Xun Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaerim Seo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahanama De Zoysa
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Islam M. Saadeldin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Ok Chung
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, Graduate School, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Geung-Joo Lee
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- Department of Horticulture, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongki Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- Daejeon Wildlife Rescue Center, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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4
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Ferrara F, Cordone V, Pecorelli A, Benedusi M, Pambianchi E, Guiotto A, Vallese A, Cervellati F, Valacchi G. Ubiquitination as a key regulatory mechanism for O 3-induced cutaneous redox inflammasome activation. Redox Biol 2022; 56:102440. [PMID: 36027676 PMCID: PMC9425076 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
NLRP1 is one of the major inflammasomes modulating the cutaneous inflammatory responses and therefore linked to a variety of cutaneous conditions. Although NLRP1 has been the first inflammasome to be discovered, only in the past years a significant progress was achieved in understanding the molecular mechanism and the stimuli behind its activation. In the past decades a crescent number of studies have highlighted the role of air pollutants as Particulate Matter (PM), Cigarette Smoke (CS) and Ozone (O3) as trigger stimuli for inflammasomes activation, especially via Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) mediators. However, whether NLRP1 can be modulated by air pollutants via oxidative stress and the mechanism behind its activation is still poorly understood. Here we report for the first time that O3, one of the most toxic pollutants, activates the NLRP1 inflammasome in human keratinocytes via oxidative stress mediators as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and 4-hydroxy-nonenal (4HNE). Our data suggest that NLRP1 represents a target protein for 4HNE adduction that possibly leads to its proteasomal degradation and activation via the possible involvement of E3 ubiquitin ligase UBR2. Of note, Catalase (Cat) treatment prevented inflammasome assemble and inflammatory cytokines release as well as NLRP1 ubiquitination in human keratinocytes upon O3 exposure. The present work is a mechanistic study that follows our previous work where we have showed the ability of O3 to induce cutaneous inflammasome activation in humans exposed to this pollutant. In conclusion, our results suggest that O3 triggers the cutaneous NLRP1 inflammasome activation by ubiquitination and redox mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ferrara
- Dept. of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valeria Cordone
- Dept. of Environmental Sciences and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pecorelli
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Animal Sciences Dept., NC Research Campus, NC State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Mascia Benedusi
- Dept. of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Erika Pambianchi
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Animal Sciences Dept., NC Research Campus, NC State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA.
| | - Anna Guiotto
- Dept. of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Plants for Human Health Institute, Animal Sciences Dept., NC Research Campus, NC State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Andrea Vallese
- Dept. of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Franco Cervellati
- Dept. of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Animal Sciences Dept., NC Research Campus, NC State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA; Dept. of Environmental Sciences and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Petracca B, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Valacchi G, Eeman M. Bench approaches to study the detrimental cutaneous impact of tropospheric ozone. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2021; 31:137-148. [PMID: 33127990 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-020-00275-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Being exposed to ground-level ozone (O3), as it is often the case in polluted cities, is known to have a detrimental impact on skin. O3 induces antioxidant depletion and lipid peroxidation in the upper skin layers and this effect has repercussions on deeper cellular layers, triggering a cascade of cellular stress and inflammatory responses. Repetitive exposure to high levels of O3 may lead to chronic damages of the cutaneous tissue, cause premature skin aging and aggravate skin diseases such as contact dermatitis and urticaria. This review paper debates about the most relevant experimental approaches that must be considered to gather deeper insights about the complex biological processes that are activated when the skin is exposed to O3. Having a better understanding of O3 effects on skin barrier properties and stress responses could help the whole dermato-cosmetic industry to design innovative protective solutions and develop specific cosmetic regime to protect the skin of every citizen, especially those living in areas where exposure to high levels of O3 is of concern to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Petracca
- Dow Silicones Belgium SRL, Seneffe, Belgium
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Animal Sciences, Kannapolis Research Campus, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Marc Eeman
- Dow Silicones Belgium SRL, Seneffe, Belgium.
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6
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de Souza AKL, Colares RR, de Souza ACL. The main uses of ozone therapy in diseases of large animals: A review. Res Vet Sci 2021; 136:51-56. [PMID: 33582314 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ozone (O3) is a molecule composed of three oxygen atoms, highly unstable, capable of reacting with various substances of the human and animal organism, giving rise to by-products that will participate in biochemical reactions. Thus, O3 has a wide mechanism of action and can be used in different diseases of large animals. In those animals, the therapy is used mainly in reproductive diseases and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Karine Lima de Souza
- Veterinary Hospital Wild Animals Sector, Veterinary Institute Medicine, State University of Pará, UFPA-Castanhal, km 61 BR-316, Campus IFPA, Castanhal, PA 68740970, Brazil.
| | - Raquel Ribeiro Colares
- Veterinary Hospital Wild Animals Sector, Veterinary Institute Medicine, State University of Pará, UFPA-Castanhal, km 61 BR-316, Campus IFPA, Castanhal, PA 68740970, Brazil
| | - Ana Clara Lima de Souza
- Veterinary Hospital Wild Animals Sector, Veterinary Institute Medicine, State University of Pará, UFPA-Castanhal, km 61 BR-316, Campus IFPA, Castanhal, PA 68740970, Brazil
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7
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Pambianchi E, Ferrara F, Pecorelli A, Woodby B, Grace M, Therrien JP, Lila MA, Valacchi G. Blueberry Extracts as a Novel Approach to Prevent Ozone-Induced Cutaneous Inflammasome Activation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:9571490. [PMID: 32855770 PMCID: PMC7443250 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9571490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization estimates that 7 million people die every year due to pollution exposure. Among the different pollutants to which living organism are exposed, ozone (O3) represents one of the most toxic, because its location which is the skin is one of the direct tissues exposed to the outdoor environment. Chronic exposure to outdoor stressors can alter cutaneous redox state resulting in the activation of inflammatory pathways. Recently, a new player in the inflammation mechanism was discovered: the multiprotein complex NLRP1 inflammasome, which has been shown to be also expressed in the skin. The topical application of natural compounds has been studied for the last 40 years as a possible approach to prevent and eventually cure skin conditions. Recently, the possibility to use blueberry (BB) extract to prevent pollution-induced skin toxicity has been of great interest in the cosmeceutical industry. In the present study, we analyzed the cutaneous protective effect of BB extract in several skin models (2D, 3D, and human skin explants). Specifically, we observed that in the different skin models used, BB extracts were able to enhance keratinocyte wound closure and normalize proliferation and migration responses previously altered by O3. In addition, pretreatment with BB extracts was able to prevent ozone-induced ROS production and inflammasome activation measured as NRLP1-ASC scaffold formation and also prevent the transcripts of key inflammasome players such as CASP1 and IL-18, suggesting that this approach as a possible new technology to prevent cutaneous pollution damage. Our data support the hypothesis that BB extracts can effectively reduce skin inflammation and be a possible new technology against cutaneous pollution-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Pambianchi
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Animal Sciences Dept., NC Research Campus Kannapolis, NC State University, 28081, NC, USA
| | - Francesca Ferrara
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Animal Sciences Dept., NC Research Campus Kannapolis, NC State University, 28081, NC, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pecorelli
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Animal Sciences Dept., NC Research Campus Kannapolis, NC State University, 28081, NC, USA
| | - Brittany Woodby
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Animal Sciences Dept., NC Research Campus Kannapolis, NC State University, 28081, NC, USA
| | - Mary Grace
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Food Bioprocessing & Nutrition Sciences Dept., NC Research Campus Kannapolis, NC State University, 28081, NC, USA
| | | | - Mary Ann Lila
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Food Bioprocessing & Nutrition Sciences Dept., NC Research Campus Kannapolis, NC State University, 28081, NC, USA
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Animal Sciences Dept., NC Research Campus Kannapolis, NC State University, 28081, NC, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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8
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Roth A, Elkashif A, Selvamani V, Stucky RA, Seleem MN, Ziaie B, Rahimi R. Wearable and Flexible Ozone Generating System for Treatment of Infected Dermal Wounds. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:458. [PMID: 32509746 PMCID: PMC7249782 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound-associated infections are a significant and rising health concern throughout the world owing to aging population, prevalence of diabetes, and obesity. In addition, the rapid increase of life-threatening antibiotic resistant infections has resulted in challenging wound complications with limited choices of effective therapeutics. Recently, topical ozone therapy has shown to be a promising alternative approach for treatment of non-healing and infected wounds by providing strong antibacterial properties while stimulating the local tissue repair and regeneration. However, utilization of ozone as a treatment for infected wounds has been challenging thus far due to the need for large equipment usable only in contained, clinical settings. This work reports on the development of a portable topical ozone therapy system comprised of a flexible and disposable semipermeable dressing connected to a portable and reusable ozone-generating unit via a flexible tube. The dressing consists of a multilayered structure with gradient porosities to achieve uniform ozone distribution. The effective bactericidal properties of the ozone delivery platform were confirmed with two of the most commonly pathogenic bacteria found in wound infections, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Furthermore, cytotoxicity tests with human fibroblasts cells indicated no adverse effects on human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Roth
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Ahmed Elkashif
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Vidhya Selvamani
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Rachel Abigail Stucky
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Mohamed N. Seleem
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Babak Ziaie
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Rahim Rahimi
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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9
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Lim Y, Lee H, Woodby B, Valacchi G. Ozonated Oils and Cutaneous Wound Healing. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2264-2278. [PMID: 31267858 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190702100504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Wound tissue repair is a complex and dynamic process of restoring cellular structures and tissue layers. Improvement in this process is necessary to effectively treat several pathologies characterized by a chronic delayed wound closure, such as in diabetes, and the investigation of new approaches aimed to ameliorate the wound healing process is under continuous evolution. Recently, the usage of vegetable matrices in the form of ozonated oils has been proposed, and several researchers have shown positive effects on wound healing, due to the bactericidal, antiviral, and antifungal properties of these ozonated oils. In the present review, we intend to summarize the actual state of the art of the topical usage of ozonated oil in cutaneous wounds with special emphasis to the importance of the ozonated degree of the oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsook Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Heaji Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Brittany Woodby
- Plant for Human Health Institute, Kannapolis Research Center, North Carolina State University, 28081, NC, United States
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.,Plant for Human Health Institute, Kannapolis Research Center, North Carolina State University, 28081, NC, United States.,Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
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10
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HelixComplex snail mucus as a potential technology against O3 induced skin damage. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229613. [PMID: 32084249 PMCID: PMC7034816 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucus form H. aspersa muller has been reported to have several therapeutic proprieties, such as antimicrobial activity, skin protection and wound repair. In this study, we have analyzed H. aspersa mucus (Helixcomplex) bio-adhesive efficacy and its defensive properties against the ozone (O3) (0.5 ppm for 2 hours) exposure in human keratinocytes and reconstructed human epidermis models. Cytotoxicity, tissue morphology and cytokine levels were determined. We confirmed HelixComplex regenerative and bio-adhesive properties, the latter possibly via the characteristic mucopolysaccharide composition. In addition, HelixComplex was able to protect from O3 exposure by preventing oxidative damage and the consequent pro-inflammatory response in both 2D and 3D models. Based on this study, it is possible to suggest HelixComplex as a potentially new protective technology against pollution induced skin damage.
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11
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Pecorelli A, Woodby B, Prieux R, Valacchi G. Involvement of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal in pollution-induced skin damage. Biofactors 2019; 45:536-547. [PMID: 31087730 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The effects of environmental insults on human health are a major global concern. Some of the most noxious pollutants that humans are exposed to include ozone (O3 ), particulate matter (PM), and cigarette smoke (CS). Since the skin is the first line of defense against environmental insults, it is considered one of the main target organs for the harmful insults of air pollution. Thus, there is solid evidence that skin pathologies such as premature aging, atopic dermatitis (AD), and psoriasis are associated with pollutant exposure; all of these skin conditions are also associated with an altered redox status. Therefore, although the mechanisms of action and concentrations of O3 , PM, and CS that we are exposed to differ, exposure to all of these pollutants is associated with the development of similar skin conditions due to the fact that all of these pollutants alter redox homeostasis, increasing reactive oxygen species production and oxidative stress. A main product of oxidative stress, induced by exposure to the aforementioned pollutants, is 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), which derives from the oxidation of ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. HNE is a highly reactive compound that can form adducts with cellular proteins and even DNA; it is also an efficient cell signaling molecule able to regulate mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways and the activity of redox-sensitive transcription factors such as Nrf2, AP1, and NFκB. Therefore, increased levels of HNE in the skin, in response to pollutants, likely accelerates skin aging and exacerbates existing skin inflammatory conditions; thus, targeting HNE formation could be an innovative cosmeceutical approach for topical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Pecorelli
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina
| | - Brittany Woodby
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina
| | - Roxane Prieux
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
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12
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Zou X, Xu M, Pan S, Gan L, Zhang S, Chen H, Liu D, Lu X, Ostrikov KK. Plasma Activated Oil: Fast Production, Reactivity, Stability, and Wound Healing Application. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:1611-1622. [PMID: 33405634 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The "third-generation" cooking oil based drug, named plasma activated oil (PAO), is produced in cheap olive oil by a single-step, room temperature, energy-efficient, and environment-friendly dry plasma-enabled process. The streamer-surface discharge generates abundant energetic species, atomic oxygen at the plasma-oil interface. The otherwise challenging dissociation of C═C double bonds by energetic species and oxidation by the plasma generated atomic oxygen is the key mechanism to produce the H2O2 active species and carboxylic acid in the PAO. It is shown that the peroxide value and acid value of PAO are 7.5 times and 57% higher than those of the traditional ozonated oil, respectively. Different from plasma activated water whose shelf life was less than 1 week, PAO could be stored at room temperature for at least 3 months, and a shelf life of up to 1 year is expected. We further reveal that the PAO can not only sterilize the wound, but also promote more release of growth factor such as VEGF and CD34; therefore, the wound healing of PAO is 28.5% faster than that of the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyun Zou
- State Key Lab of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, WuHan, HuBei 430074, China.,IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Maoyuan Xu
- State Key Lab of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, WuHan, HuBei 430074, China.,IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shuhui Pan
- State Key Lab of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, WuHan, HuBei 430074, China.,IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lu Gan
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hongxiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Dawei Liu
- State Key Lab of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, WuHan, HuBei 430074, China.,IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xinpei Lu
- State Key Lab of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, WuHan, HuBei 430074, China.,IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Kostya Ken Ostrikov
- Institute for Future Environments and Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,CSIRO-QUT Joint Sustainable Processes and Devices Laboratory, P.O. Box 218, Bradfield Road, Lindfield, New South Wales 2070, Australia
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13
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Velasco MVR, Sauce R, Oliveira CAD, Pinto CADO, Martinez RM, Baah S, Almeida TS, Rosado C, Baby AR. Active ingredients, mechanisms of action and efficacy tests of antipollution cosmetic and personal care products. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902018000001003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tânia Santos Almeida
- Universidade Lusófona’s Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies, Portugal
| | - Catarina Rosado
- Universidade Lusófona’s Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies, Portugal
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14
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Abstract
Several pathologies are characterized by chronic wounds and often resistant to many of the common therapies, leading to chronic infections that can become even life-threatening for patients. For this reason, the identification of new products able to ameliorate the healing process is still an on-going research. Natural compounds have been used to improve skin conditions due to their dermo-cosmetic and therapeutic activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and cell-migratory properties. Among these compounds, it has been recently demonstrated that Verbascoside, a phenyl propanoid glycoside widely used in the cosmetic field, can improve keratinocytes proliferation. Because of its high hydrophilic character, Verbascoside has a limited range of possible topical applications and the synthesis of ES2, a semi-synthetic derivative of Verbascoside was performed to bypass some of the drawback aspects of this molecule. In the present study, the wound healing properties of Verbascoside and ES2 were compared in both keratinocytes “in vitro” wound scratch and in wounded SKH1 mice. The results showed that both compounds were not cytotoxic and ES2 showed an efficient ability to promote the proliferation of human keratinocytes compared to Verbascoside. The findings were also confirmed in vivo but only at early time points (2/3 days). Taken together, these data suggest that the Verbascoside-derivative ES2 could be considered a novel and promising candidate for the topical treatment of wounds.
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15
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Seyam O, Smith NL, Reid I, Gandhi J, Jiang W, Khan SA. Clinical utility of ozone therapy for musculoskeletal disorders. Med Gas Res 2018; 8:103-110. [PMID: 30319765 PMCID: PMC6178642 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.241075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygen-ozone (O3) therapy serves as an alternative medical technique that increases the oxygen in the body along with the introduction of O3. O3 therapy has finally reached a level where the biological mechanisms of action have been understood, showing that they are in the domain of physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology. Few clinical applications have been reviewed here as well as exemplifying that O3 therapy is particularly useful in musculoskeletal disorders. In the therapeutic range, O3 can be used as a more effective and safe substitute of standard medications. O3 therapy has been used for many years for its ability to inactivate various viruses, cancer, and acquired immune deficiency syndrome but is now making strides in the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, lumbar facet joint syndrome, subacromial bursitis, carpal tunnel syndrome, osteoarthritis, hip bursitis, shoulder adhesive capsulitis, herniated disc, and temporomandibular joint disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Seyam
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - Inefta Reid
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Jason Gandhi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Medical Student Research Institute, St. George's University School of Medicine, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Wendy Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Sardar Ali Khan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Department of Urology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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16
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Muresan XM, Sticozzi C, Belmonte G, Cervellati F, Ferrara F, Lila MA, Valacchi G. SR-B1 involvement in keratinocytes in vitro wound closure. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 658:1-6. [PMID: 30240595 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Skin represents the most extended organ of human body, having as main function the protection of our body from outdoor stressors. Its protective ability is compromised when the skin is disrupted as a consequence of mechanical insults. For this purpose, cutaneous tissue is equipped with an efficient and fine mechanism involved in repairing the wounded area. Among the numerous players that take part in the wound healing process, SR-B1 has been recently shown to have a role in keratinocyte re-epithelialization. SR-B1 is a mediator of cholesterol uptake from HDLs, whereas it is implicated in other cellular processes such as vitamins absorption, vesicle trafficking or pathogen identification. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms involved in SR-B1 role in skin wound closure. Our in vitro data demonstrated that SR-B1 influenced keratinocyte proliferation and migration through a downregulation of nuclear cyclin D1 levels and active MMP9 expression respectively possibly in an NF-kB-dependent mechanism. In addition, SR-B1 was also able to modulate keratinocyte morphology into a pro-migratory cytoskeleton rearrangement. The present in vitro study suggests a new role of SRB1 as a possible new key player in cutaneous wound healing mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena M Muresan
- Dept. Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Claudia Sticozzi
- Dept. Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Belmonte
- Dept. Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Franco Cervellati
- Dept. Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesca Ferrara
- Dept. Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mary Ann Lila
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Animal Sciences Dept., NC Research Campus, NC State University, NC, USA
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Dept. Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Plants for Human Health Institute, Animal Sciences Dept., NC Research Campus, NC State University, NC, USA.
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17
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Chedea VS, Vicaş SI, Sticozzi C, Pessina F, Frosini M, Maioli E, Valacchi G. Resveratrol: from diet to topical usage. Food Funct 2018; 8:3879-3892. [PMID: 29034918 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01086a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The stilbene derivative resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxy-stilbene; RESV) has become the subject of interest of many researchers and the pharmaceutical industries due to its well-acclaimed beneficial biological activities. Although earlier research tended to focus on the effects of RESV on cardiovascular disorders, many other studies have described the beneficial effects of RESV in the areas of cancer chemoprevention and inflammation and interest of researchers on this compound is still increasing. It is now well accepted that the effect of RESV is not just due to its so called "antioxidant" activity but mainly (if not only) because of the ability of this compound to trigger cell signaling pathways and gene expression involved in cellular defense systems. Many "in vitro" studies on RESV did not take into account that although its oral absorption is about 75% it undergoes rapid metabolism and the concentration in the blood stream is almost undetectable. For this reason interest in the topical usage of RESV by cosmeceutical skin care brands has exponentially increased in the last decade reporting in general very promising results on its beneficial effect in protecting the skin from outdoor insults, but there is still some controversy on its topical usage mainly surrounding the concentration used. Therefore, more basic research on the topical application of RESV should be performed to better understand the way it prevents cutaneous damage and whether it could be recommended as a preventive skin aging agent for all skin insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Sanda Chedea
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Baloteşti (INCDBNA-IBNA), Calea Bucureşti nr. 1, Balotesti, Ilfov 077015, Romania.
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18
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Angiogenesis is an important factor for flap viability. It has been reported that ozonated oil contributed to improved neovascularization in an acute cutaneous wound healing model. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of ozonated olive oil on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-mediated neovascularization of skin flaps in rats. STUDY DESIGN A skin flap model was established in 21 rats and evaluated within 3 groups. No treatment was given to the rats in group 1. Olive oil and ozonated olive oil were topically applied (twice daily) to the flap surface for 7 days in groups 2 and 3, respectively. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to analyze the expressions of VEGF and CD34. RESULTS The mean numbers of VEGF- and CD34-positive staining microvascular structures were 8.86 (SD, 1.35) and 10.29 (SD, 1.80) in group 1, 15.00 (SD, 1.41) and 15.57 (SD, 1.72) in group 2, and 25.14 (SD, 2.41) and 25.00 (SD, 2.16) in group 3. The VEGF and CD34 expressions in group 3 were significantly higher than those in group 2 (P < .001). Their expressions in group 2 were significantly higher than those in group 1 (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Both ozonated olive oil and olive oil improved neovascularization when they were topically applied on skin flaps. The effect of ozone was more prominent.
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19
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Burke KE. Mechanisms of aging and development-A new understanding of environmental damage to the skin and prevention with topical antioxidants. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 172:123-130. [PMID: 29287765 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has given us new insights into the molecular biology of extrinsic aging of the skin. Not only does UV irradiation directly cause photoaging of the skin, but also environmental pollutants significantly damage exposed skin by several mechanisms. Exposure to the noxious gases of air pollution with simultaneous exposure to UVA can act synergistically to initiate skin cancer. Also ozone generated from pollutants reacting with UV induces oxidative stress of the skin's surface via formation of lipid peroxidation products, with cascading consequences to deeper layers. Furthermore, new studies have demonstrated that particulate matter (PM) pollutants can penetrate the skin transepidermally and through hair follicles to induce skin aging via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a recently discovered ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates and protects keratinocytes, melanocytes, and fibroblasts. With this understanding that extrinsic aging of the skin is not only due to photoaging, we realize the necessity of protection beyond sunscreen. Fortunately, correctly formulated topical antioxidants can prevent damage inflicted by both UV and environmental pollution.
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20
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Muresan XM, Sticozzi C, Belmonte G, Savelli V, Evelson P, Valacchi G. Modulation of cutaneous scavenger receptor B1 levels by exogenous stressors impairs "in vitro" wound closure. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 172:78-85. [PMID: 29102450 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Scavenger receptor B1 (SR-B1) is a trans-membrane protein, involved in tissue reverse cholesterol transport. Several studies have demonstrated that SR-B1 is also implicated in other physiological processes, such as bacteria and apoptotic cells recognition and regulation of intracellular tocopherol and carotenoids levels. Among the tissues where it is localized, SR-B1 has been shown to be significantly expressed in human epidermis. Our group has demonstrated that SR-B1 levels are down-regulated in human cultured keratinocytes by environmental stressors, such as cigarette smoke, via cellular redox imbalance. Our present study aimed to investigate whether such down-regulation was confirmed in a 3D skin model and under other environmental challengers such as particulate matter and ozone. We also investigated the association between oxidation-induced SR-B1 modulation and impaired wound closure. The data obtained showed that not only cigarette, but also the other environmental stressors reduced SR-B1 expression in epidermal cutaneous tissues and that this effect might be involved in impaired wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Sticozzi
- Dept. of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Belmonte
- Dept. of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Vinno Savelli
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Pablo Evelson
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (IBIMOL-UBA-CONICET), Pharmacy and Biochemistry School, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Dept. of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Plants for Human Health Institute, Animal Sciences Dept., NC Research Campus, NC State University, NC, USA.
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21
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Ozturk O, Tezcan AH, Adali Y, Yıldırım CH, Aksoy O, Yagmurdur H, Bilge A. Effect of ozone and methylprednisolone treatment following crush type sciatic nerve injury. Acta Cir Bras 2017; 31:730-735. [PMID: 27982260 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020160110000005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE: To assess and compare the histopathological effects of ozone therapy and/or methylprednisolone (MPS) treatment on regeneration after crush type sciatic nerve injury. METHODS: Forty Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly allocated into four groups. Four groups received the following regimens intraperitoneally every day for 14 days after formation of crush type injury on sciatic nerve: Group I: ozone (20mcg/ml); Group II: methylprednisolone (2mg/kg); Group III: ozone (20 mcg/ml) and methylprednisolone (2mg/kg); Group IV: isotonic saline (0.9%). The histomorphological evaluation was made after biopsies were obtained from the sites of injury. RESULTS: Significant differences were noted between groups in terms of degeneration (p=0.019), nerve sheath cell atrophy (p=0.012), intraneural inflammatory cellular infiltration (p=0.002), perineural granulation tissue formation (p=0.019), perineural vascular proliferation (p=0.004), perineural inflammatory cellular infiltration (p<0.001) and inflammation in peripheral tissue (p=0.006). Degeneration was remarkably low in Group III, while no change in nerve sheath cell was noted in Group II. CONCLUSION: The combined use of methylprednisolone and ozone treatment can have beneficial effects for regeneration after crush type nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omur Ozturk
- Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, School of Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey. Conception, design, scientific and intellectual contributions of the study, acquisition of data, statistical analysis, manuscript writing, final approval
| | - Aysu Hayriye Tezcan
- Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, School of Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey. Conception, design, scientific and intellectual contributions of the study, acquisition of data, statistical analysis, manuscript writing, final approval
| | - Yasemen Adali
- Asstistant Professor, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey. Histopathological examinations
| | - Can Hakan Yıldırım
- Asstistant Professor, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey. Analysis and interpretation of data
| | - Ozgur Aksoy
- Professor, Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey. Technical procedures
| | - Hatice Yagmurdur
- Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, School of Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey. Critical revision, final approval
| | - Ali Bilge
- Assistant Professor, Department of Ortopedics and Traumatology, School of Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey. Manuscript preparation, final approval
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22
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Rosseto HC, Toledo LDASD, Francisco LMBD, Esposito E, Lim Y, Valacchi G, Cortesi R, Bruschi ML. Nanostructured lipid systems modified with waste material of propolis for wound healing: Design, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 158:441-452. [PMID: 28728086 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Propolis, a natural compound that can accelerate the wound healing process, is mainly used as ethanolic extract. The extractive solution may also be obtained from the propolis by-product (BP), transforming this waste material into a pharmaceutical active ingredient. Even if propolis does not show toxicity, when used as an extract over harmed skin or mucosa, the present ethanol content may be harmful to the tissue recovering, besides hindering the drug release. This study describes the development of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) as topical propolis delivery systems and the investigation of their in vitro and in vivo activities. The extracts were evaluated to guarantee their quality, and the lipid dispersions were characterized with respect to morphology (cryo-TEM), size and diffractometry (X-ray) properties. The occlusive capacity of formulations was also evaluated by an in vitro technique, which determines the occlusion factor. The drug entrapment efficiency (EE), as well as the in vitro drug release profile from the nanoparticulate systems was investigated as well. The size analysis performed through 90days was favorable to a topical administration and the polydispersity index, though not ideal in all cases due to the high content of resins and gums from the extracts, were relatively stable for the SLN. The propolis extract contributes to the occlusive potential of the formulations. The human immortalized keratinocytes presented good cell viability when tested with both extracts (propolis and BP) freely or entrapped in the systems. SLN modified with propolis material provided an acceleration of the in vivo wound healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélen Cássia Rosseto
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Lucas de Alcântara Sica de Toledo
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Lizziane Maria Belloto de Francisco
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Elisabetta Esposito
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Yunsook Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Animal Science Department, Plants for Human Health Institute, NC Research Campus, NC State University, Kannapolis, USA
| | - Rita Cortesi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marcos Luciano Bruschi
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil.
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23
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Valacchi G, Pecorelli A, Belmonte G, Pambianchi E, Cervellati F, Lynch S, Krol Y, Oresajo C. Protective Effects of Topical Vitamin C Compound Mixtures against Ozone-Induced Damage in Human Skin. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:1373-1375. [PMID: 28219661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Valacchi
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Animal Sciences, NC State University, NC Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Pecorelli
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Animal Sciences, NC State University, NC Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, University Hospital, AOUS, Viale M. Bracci, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Belmonte
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Animal Sciences, NC State University, NC Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Erika Pambianchi
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Animal Sciences, NC State University, NC Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Franco Cervellati
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Animal Sciences, NC State University, NC Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stephen Lynch
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Clark, New Jersey, USA
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24
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Zhang Z, Cao G, Sha L, Wang D, Liu M. The Efficacy of Sodium Aescinate on Cutaneous Wound Healing in Diabetic Rats. Inflammation 2016; 38:1942-8. [PMID: 25903967 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-015-0174-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study is aimed to evaluate the potential effects of sodium aescinate (SA, the sodium salt of aescin) on wound healing in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. An excision skin wound was created in diabetic rats, and the wounded rats were divided into three groups: I) control group, II) gel-treated group, and III) SA-treated group. The control group wounds received topically normal saline once daily for 19 days. The gel-treated and SA-treated wounds received topically 400 μl of pluronic F-127 gel (25%) and 400 μl of SA (0.3%) in pluronic gel, respectively, once daily for 19 days. SA application in diabetic rats increased the wound contraction and significantly decreased the level of the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in comparison to the gel-treated group and control group. SA application in diabetic rats also resulted in a marked increase in the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) and activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) compared to the other groups. Histopathologically, SA-treated wounds showed better granulation tissue dominated by marked fibroblast proliferation, and wounds were covered by thick regenerated epithelial layer. Additionally, the application of only pluronic gel produced some beneficial effects in some parameters in comparison to control group, but most of them were not significantly different. These findings demonstrated that SA may effectively control and improve wound healing in diabetic rats via its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonglin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Linyi People's Hospital, 276003, Linyi, China
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Kim DJ, Mustoe T, Clark RAF. Cutaneous wound healing in aging small mammals: a systematic review. Wound Repair Regen 2016; 23:318-39. [PMID: 25817246 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
As the elderly population grows, so do the clinical and socioeconomic burdens of nonhealing cutaneous wounds, the majority of which are seen among persons over 60 years of age. Human studies on how aging effects wound healing will always be the gold standard, but studies have ethical and practical hurdles. Choosing an animal model is dictated by costs and animal lifespan that preclude large animal use. Here, we review the current literature on how aging effects cutaneous wound healing in small animal models and, when possible, compare healing across studies. Using a literature search of MEDLINE/PubMed databases, studies were limited to those that utilized full-thickness wounds and compared the wound-healing parameters of wound closure, reepithelialization, granulation tissue fill, and tensile strength between young and aged cohorts. Overall, wound closure, reepithelialization, and granulation tissue fill were delayed or decreased with aging across different strains of mice and rats. Aging in mice was associated with lower tensile strength early in the wound healing process, but greater tensile strength later in the wound healing process. Similarly, aging in rats was associated with lower tensile strength early in the wound healing process, but no significant tensile strength difference between young and old rats later in healing wounds. From studies in New Zealand White rabbits, we found that reepithelialization and granulation tissue fill were delayed or decreased overall with aging. While similarities and differences in key wound healing parameters were noted between different strains and species, the comparability across the studies was highly questionable, highlighted by wide variability in experimental design and reporting. In future studies, standardized experimental design and reporting would help to establish comparable study groups, and advance the overall knowledge base, facilitating the translatability of animal data to the human clinical condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Joo Kim
- School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Thomas Mustoe
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Richard A F Clark
- Department of Dermatology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, and.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
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Lefebvre MA, Pham DM, Boussouira B, Bernard D, Camus C, Nguyen QL. Evaluation of the impact of urban pollution on the quality of skin: a multicentre study in Mexico. Int J Cosmet Sci 2015; 37:329-38. [PMID: 25655908 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE After pilot and preliminary studies aimed at identifying pertinent biochemical parameters, a multicenter clinical study was performed to evaluate the effect of pollution on human skin. METHODS The clinical study was performed in collaboration with the 'Centre Régional de lutte contre le cancer de Montpellier' and the 'National Institute of Public Health of Mexico' on 96 subjects in Mexico City (exposed to pollution) and 93 subjects in Cuernavaca (less exposed to pollution). Both biochemical and clinical skin parameters were studied. RESULTS The study demonstrated significant quantitative and qualitative modifications of parameters related to sebum excretion in Mexico City compared to Cuernavaca one: An increased level of sebum excretion rate, a lower level of vitamin E and squalene in sebum, an increase of lactic acid and a higher erythematous index on the face of the subjects. In the stratum corneum, a significant higher level of carbonylated proteins and a lower level of IL 1α were noticed, as well as a decrease of ATP concentration with a decrease of chymotrysin like activity, without modifications of corneodesmosin content and trypsin like activity. From a clinical point of view, a higher frequency of atopic and urticarial skins, a higher frequency of red dermographism, an important seborrheic status at the forehead level and a lower level of dandruffs were noted in Mexico City population. The analysis taking into account the sex does not modify the observed results. CONCLUSION The study demonstrated an important impact of polluted environmental conditions on skin quality, evidencing important modifications of superficial biochemical parameters. The cause/effects relationships of these modifications remain, however, to be further assessed by a complementary in vitro/in vivo approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-A Lefebvre
- L'Oreal Research & Innovation, 11-13 rue Dora Mar, 93400, Saint-Ouen, France
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Kousha T, Valacchi G. The air quality health index and emergency department visits for urticaria in Windsor, Canada. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2015; 78:524-533. [PMID: 25849769 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2014.991053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ambient air pollution exposure has been associated with several health conditions, limited not only to respiratory and cardiovascular systems but also to cutaneous tissues. However, few epidemiological studies examined pollution exposure on skin problems. Basically, the common mechanism by which pollution may affect skin physiology is by induction of oxidative stress and inflammation. Urticaria is among the skin pathologies that have been associated with pollution. Based on the combined effects of three ambient air pollutants, ozone (O₃), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), and fine particulate matter (PM) with a median aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 μm (PM(2.5)), on mortality, the Air Quality Health Index (AQHI) in Canada was developed. The aim of this study was to examine the associations of short-term changes in AQHI with emergency department (ED) visits for urticaria in Windsor-area hospitals in Canada. Diagnosed ED visits were retrieved from the National Ambulatory Care Reporting System (NACRS). A time-stratified case-crossover design was applied to 2905 ED visits (males = 1215; females = 1690) for urticaria from April 2004 through December 2010. Odds ratios (OR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for ED visits associated with increase by one unit of risk index were calculated employing conditional logistic regression. Positive and significant results were observed between AQHI levels and OR for ED visits for urticaria in Windsor for lags 2 and 3 days. A distributed lag nonlinear model technique was applied to daily counts of ED visits for lags 0 to 10 and significant results were obtained from lag 2 to lag 5 and for lag 9. These findings demonstrated associations between ambient air pollution and urticarial confirming that air pollution affects skin conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Termeh Kousha
- a Department of Mathematics and Statistics , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
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Vinikoor-Imler LC, Owens EO, Nichols JL, Ross M, Brown JS, Sacks JD. Evaluating potential response-modifying factors for associations between ozone and health outcomes: a weight-of-evidence approach. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2014; 122:1166-76. [PMID: 24927060 PMCID: PMC4216162 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1307541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic and experimental studies have reported a variety of health effects in response to ozone (O3) exposure, and some have indicated that certain populations may be at increased or decreased risk of O3-related health effects. OBJECTIVES We sought to identify potential response-modifying factors to determine whether specific groups of the population or life stages are at increased or decreased risk of O3-related health effects using a weight-of-evidence approach. METHODS Epidemiologic, experimental, and exposure science studies of potential factors that may modify the relationship between O3 and health effects were identified in U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's 2013 Integrated Science Assessment for Ozone and Related Photochemical Oxidants. Scientific evidence from studies that examined factors that may influence risk were integrated across disciplines to evaluate consistency, coherence, and biological plausibility of effects. The factors identified were then classified using a weight-of-evidence approach to conclude whether a specific factor modified the response of a population or life stage, resulting in an increased or decreased risk of O3-related health effects. DISCUSSION We found "adequate" evidence that populations with certain genotypes, preexisting asthma, or reduced intake of certain nutrients, as well as different life stages or outdoor workers, are at increased risk of O3-related health effects. In addition, we identified other factors (i.e., sex, socioeconomic status, and obesity) for which there was "suggestive" evidence that they may increase the risk of O3-related health effects. CONCLUSIONS Using a weight-of-evidence approach, we identified a diverse group of factors that should be considered when characterizing the overall risk of health effects associated with exposures to ambient O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C Vinikoor-Imler
- National Center for Environmental Assessment (NCEA), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Valacchi G, Zanardi I, Lim Y, Belmonte G, Miracco C, Sticozzi C, Bocci V, Travagli V. Ozonated oils as functional dermatological matrices: effects on the wound healing process using SKH1 mice. Int J Pharm 2013; 458:65-73. [PMID: 24144953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Wound tissue repair is a complex and dynamic process of restoring cellular structures and tissue layers. Improvement of this process is crucial for several pathologies characterized by chronic delayed wound closure such as diabetes, and the investigation of new approaches aimed to ameliorate the wound healing process is under continuous evolution. Recently, the usage of vegetable matrices in the form of ozonated oils has been proposed and several researchers have shown a positive effect in the wound, based on their bactericidal, antiviral, and antifungal properties. The present study was undertaken to compare the effect that different ozonated oils (olive, sesame and linseed) with the same level of ozonation have on wound healing rate in SKH1 mice. Several histological parameters and the level of key proteins such as VEGF and PCNA have been analyzed. Only treatment with ozonated sesame oil shows a faster wound closure in the first 7 days. This effect paralleled with the increased VEGF and PCNA levels, NFκB nuclear translocation and 4-HNE formation. The present study shows that not only the ozonation grade is of importance for the improvement of wound healing process but also the typical composition of the oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Valacchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Italy; Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Lee H, Kim EK, Kang SW, Kim JH, Hwang HJ, Kim TI. Effects of ozone exposure on the ocular surface. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 63:78-89. [PMID: 23665308 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the ocular surface induced by ozone have received limited research attention. Here, we investigate the effects of ozone exposure on the integrity of the ocular surface, the production of inflammatory cytokines in tears, and changes in mucin-secreting cells in a mouse model. In addition, ozone-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-mediated inflammatory processes were evaluated in cultured human conjunctival epithelial cells. In vivo, ozone induced the breakdown of corneal epithelial integrity, decreased the number of mucin-secreting cells, and induced the production of inflammatory cytokines, without altering tear volume. In vitro, ozone exposure led to increases in NF-κB nuclear translocation, κB-dependent transcriptional activity, NF-κB inhibitor α (IκBα) proteolysis, and expression of phosphorylated IκBα (p-IκBα), but did not cause cytotoxicity or cellular apoptosis. In addition, ozone induced the expression of inflammatory cytokines, Toll-like receptors, and C-C chemokine receptors, but decreased the expression of mucins. Furthermore, inhibition of NF-κB with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate before exposure of cultured human conjunctival epithelial cells to ozone prevented changes in IκBα and p-IκBα levels in association with a decrease in the levels of inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, we conclude that ozone exposure interferes with ocular surface integrity and induces inflammation involving NF-κB-mediated processes at the level (and/or upstream) of IκBα. Understanding the role of ozone in the initiation of inflammatory processes on the animal ocular surface and in cultured human conjunctival epithelial cells can help elucidate the pathogenesis of ocular surface damage and suggest protective strategies for preserving a healthy ocular surface against ozone exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hun Lee
- The Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, and Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The graying of our population has motivated the authors to better understand age-related impairments in wound healing. To increase research throughput, the authors hypothesized that the Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome Zmpste24-deficient (Zmpste24(-/-)) mouse could serve as a model of senescent wound healing. METHODS Using a stented excisional wound closure model, the authors tested this hypothesis on 8-week-old male Zmpste24(-/-) mice (n = 25) and age-matched male C57BL/6J wild-type mice (n = 25). Wounds were measured photogrammetrically and harvested for immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and circulating vasculogenic progenitor cells were measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS Zmpste24(-/-) mice had a significant delay in wound closure compared with wild-type mice during the proliferative/vasculogenic phase. Zmpste24(-/-) wounds had decreased proliferation, increased 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels, increased proapoptotic signaling (i.e., p53, PUMA, BAX), decreased antiapoptotic signaling (i.e., Bcl-2), and increased DNA fragmentation. These changes correlated with decreased local vasculogenic growth factor expression, decreased mobilization of bone marrow-derived vasculogenic progenitor cells, and decreased new blood vessel formation. Age-related impairments in wound closure are multifactorial. CONCLUSIONS The authors' data suggest that the Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome Zmpste24(-/-) progeroid syndrome shares mechanistic overlap with normal aging and therefore might provide a uniquely informative model with which to study age-associated impairments in wound closure.
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Valacchi G, Sticozzi C, Pecorelli A, Cervellati F, Cervellati C, Maioli E. Cutaneous responses to environmental stressors. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2013; 1271:75-81. [PMID: 23050967 PMCID: PMC3495295 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06724.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Living organisms are continuously exposed to environmental pollutants. Because of its critical location, the skin is a major interface between the body and the environment and provides a biological barrier against an array of chemical and physical environmental pollutants. The skin can be defined as our first defense against the environment because of its constant exposure to oxidants, including ultraviolet (UV) radiation and other environmental pollutants such as diesel fuel exhaust, cigarette smoke (CS), halogenated hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and ozone (O3). The exposure to environmental pro-oxidant agents leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the generation of bioactive molecules that can damage skin cells. This short review provides an overview of the effects and mechanisms of action of CS, O3, and UV on cutanous tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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Park NY, Lim Y. Short term supplementation of dietary antioxidants selectively regulates the inflammatory responses during early cutaneous wound healing in diabetic mice. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2011; 8:80. [PMID: 22088091 PMCID: PMC3231983 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-8-80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic foot ulcers are serious complications for diabetic patients, yet the precise mechanism that underlines the treatment of these diabetic complications remains unclear. We hypothesized that dietary antioxidant supplementation with vitamin C, combined either with vitamin E or with vitamin E and NAC, improves delayed wound healing through modulation of blood glucose levels, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response. Methods Diabetes was induced by administration of alloxan monohydrate. Mice were divided into 4 groups; CON (non-diabetic control mice fed AIN 93 G purified rodent diet), DM (diabetic mice fed AIN 93 G purified rodent diet), VCE (diabetic mice fed 0.5% vitamin C and 0.5% vitamin E supplemented diet), and Comb (diabetic mice fed 0.5% vitamin C, 0.5% vitamin E, and 2.5% NAC supplemented diet). After 10 days of dietary antioxidant supplementation, cutaneous full-thickness excisional wounds were performed, and the rate of wound closure was examined. TBARS as lipid peroxidation products and vitamin E levels were measured in the liver. Expression levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory response related proteins were measured in the cutaneous wound site. Results Dietary antioxidant supplementation improved blood glucose levels and wound closure rate and increased liver vitamin E, but not liver TBARS levels in the diabetic mice as compared to those of the CON. In addition, dietary antioxidant supplementation modulated the expression levels of pIκBα, HO-1, CuZnSOD, iNOS and COX-2 proteins in the diabetic mice. Conclusions These findings demonstrated that delayed wound healing is associated with an inflammatory response induced by hyperglycaemia, and suggests that dietary antioxidant supplementation may have beneficial effects on wound healing through selective modulation of blood glucose levels, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Young Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
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Effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on early inflammatory responses during cutaneous wound healing. Mediators Inflamm 2010; 2010. [PMID: 20871865 PMCID: PMC2943105 DOI: 10.1155/2010/342328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory response is considered the most important period that regulates the entire healing process. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a class of linoleic acid positional and geometric isomers, is well known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. We hypothesized that dietary CLA supplementation accelerates cutaneous wound healing by regulating antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions. To investigate wound closure rates and inflammatory responses, we used a full-thickness excisional wound model after 2-week treatments with control, 0.5%, or 1% CLA-supplemented diet. Mice fed dietary CLA supplementation had reduced levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers. Moreover, the wound closure rate was improved significantly in mice fed a 1% CLA-supplemented diet during early stage of wound healing (inflammatory stage). We conclude that dietary CLA supplementation enhances the early stage of cutaneous wound healing as a result of modulating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses.
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The physiological behaviour of IMR-32 neuroblastoma cells is affected by a 12-h hypoxia/24-h reoxygenation period. Neurochem Res 2010; 35:1691-9. [PMID: 20640916 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-010-0231-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Nervous system cells are highly dependent on adequate tissue oxygenation and are very susceptible to hypoxia, which causes mitochondrial dysfunctions involved in apoptosis and necrosis. In this paper, we examine the effect of a 12-h incubation of differentiated IMR-32 neuroblastoma cells in a hypoxic environment (73% N(2): 2% O(2): 5% CO(2), v:v) by evaluating cell viability, modifications of NO, intracellular Ca(2+) concentration [Ca(2+)](i) and membrane potential, the production of phosphorylated ERK, desferoxamine-chelatable free iron and esterified F2-isoprostane levels. The same parameters were evaluated after a subsequent 24-h re-oxygenation period. The NO concentration increased significantly immediately after hypoxia and returned to values similar to those of controls after the reoxygenation period. At the same time, we observed a significant increase of [Ca(2+)](i) immediately after hypoxia. Phosphorylated ERK proteins increased significantly during the first 2 h of hypoxia, then decreased, and remained practically unmodified after 12 h hypoxia and the following reoxygenation period. Moreover, IMR-32 cell mitochondria were significantly depolarized after hypoxia, while membrane potential returned to normal after the reoxygenation period. Finally, desferoxamine-chelatable free iron and F2-isoprostane levels also increased significantly after hypoxia. Our results indicate that 2% O(2) hypoxia induces variations of NO and [Ca(2+)](i) with subsequent mitochondrial depolarization, and it is responsible for oxidative stress, represented by increased free iron and F2-isoprostane, protein carbonyls and 4 hydroxynonenal protein adducts levels.
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Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for wounds: pain relief or excessive scar formation? Mediators Inflamm 2010; 2010:413238. [PMID: 20671960 PMCID: PMC2910481 DOI: 10.1155/2010/413238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory process has direct effects on normal and abnormal wound healing. Hypertrophic scar formation is an aberrant form of wound healing and is an indication of an exaggerated function of fibroblasts and excess accumulation of extracellular matrix during wound healing. Two cytokines--transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)--are lipid mediators of inflammation involving wound healing. Overproduction of TGF-beta and suppression of PGE2 are found in excessive wound scarring compared with normal wound healing. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or their selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors are frequently used as a pain-killer. However, both NSAIDs and COX-2 inhibitors inhibit PGE2 production, which might exacerbate excessive scar formation, especially when used during the later proliferative phase. Therefore, a balance between cytokines and medication in the pathogenesis of wound healing is needed. This report is a literature review pertaining to wound healing and is focused on TGF-beta and PGE2.
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Kim HS, Noh SU, Han YW, Kim KM, Kang H, Kim HO, Park YM. Therapeutic effects of topical application of ozone on acute cutaneous wound healing. J Korean Med Sci 2009; 24:368-74. [PMID: 19543419 PMCID: PMC2698179 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2009.24.3.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2008] [Accepted: 07/07/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to evaluate the therapeutic effects of topical ozonated olive oil on acute cutaneous wound healing in a guinea pig model and also to elucidate its therapeutic mechanism. After creating full-thickness skin wounds on the backs of guinea pigs by using a 6 mm punch biopsy, we examined the wound healing effect of topically applied ozonated olive oil (ozone group), as compared to the pure olive oil (oil group) and non-treatment (control group). The ozone group of guinea pig had a significantly smaller wound size and a residual wound area than the oil group, on days 5 (P<0.05) and 7 (P<0.01 and P<0.05) after wound surgery, respectively. Both hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson-trichrome staining revealed an increased intensity of collagen fibers and a greater number of fibroblasts in the ozone group than that in the oil group on day 7. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated upregulation of platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expressions, but not fibroblast growth factor expression in the ozone group on day 7, as compared with the oil group. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that topical application of ozonated olive oil can accelerate acute cutaneous wound repair in a guinea pig in association with the increased expression of PDGF, TGF-beta, and VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Su Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Up Noh
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ye Won Han
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Moon Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoon Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Ok Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Min Park
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Stagos D, Zhou H, Ross D, Vasiliou V. 4-HNE inhibits tube formation and up-regulates chondromodulin-I in human endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 379:654-8. [PMID: 19056352 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.11.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2008] [Accepted: 11/20/2008] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) on tube formation by human bone marrow endothelial cells (HBMEC). We found that 4-HNE at physiologically achievable concentrations (5 and 10 microM) inhibited the formation of tubes. Western blot analysis revealed that inhibition of tube formation by 4-HNE was associated with increased expression of chondromodulin-I (CHM-I), a protein with well-known anti-angiogenic properties. Cell viability assays showed that 4-HNE at concentrations of 10 microM or less did not cause HBMEC cell death. Luciferase reporter assays did not show any inducing effect of 4-HNE on the promoter activity of human CHM-I gene indicating that post-transcriptional or post-translational modifications may account for the up-regulation of CHM-I. Collectively, the results of the present study show for the first time that 4-HNE inhibits tube formation by HBMECs indicating a potential anti-angiogenic activity of 4-HNE. This inhibition occurs at least in part via 4-HNE-induced CHM-I protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Stagos
- Molecular Toxicology & Environmental Health Sciences Program, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado-Denver, 12700 E 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Fortino V, Maioli E, Torricelli C, Davis P, Valacchi G. Cutaneous MMPs are differently modulated by environmental stressors in old and young mice. Toxicol Lett 2007; 173:73-9. [PMID: 17681721 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2007] [Revised: 06/11/2007] [Accepted: 06/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Skin is frequently exposed to pro-oxidative insults such as UV light, ozone (O(3)) and cigarette smoke (CS), which are able to deplete antioxidants and induce oxidation products affecting skin pathophysiology. Skin turnover and regeneration are largely dependent on extracellular matrix metabolism, which is under the control of matrix metalloproteinases, MMPs. The present study evaluated cutaneous MMPs activity upon environmental pollutants exposure and analyzed the response of old and young animals. For this purpose, SKH-1 hairless mice (8 weeks and 18 months old) were exposed for 6h/day to 0.25ppm of O(3) or to UV radiation (0.3 MED) or to CS for 4 days. Gelatin zymography revealed an increase of MMP-2 in both young and old animals, after exposure to pollutants, while MMP-9, undetectable in unexposed subjects, was strongly induced only in old mice. Casein zymography and Western blot analysis showed an increase of MMP-12 in the aged group after environmental stressors exposure. TIMP-1 and -2 expression levels did not change. The current study demonstrates the ability of certain environmental pollutants to affect the ECM turnover through modulation of specific MMPs, and confirms the higher susceptibility of old subjects to exogenous pro-oxidant insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Fortino
- Department of Physiology, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 7 - Siena, Siena 53100, Italy
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