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Lu Q, Zhu Y, Wang C, Zhang R, Miao Y, Chai Y, Jiang Z, Yu Q. Obeticholic acid protects against lithocholic acid-induced exogenous cell apoptosis during cholestatic liver injury. Life Sci 2024; 337:122355. [PMID: 38104861 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Lithocholic acid (LCA)-induced cholestasis was accompanied by the occurrence of apoptosis, which indicated that anti-apoptosis was a therapeutic strategy for primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). As an agonist of (Farnesoid X receptor) FXR, we supposed that the hepatoprotection of Obeticholic acid (OCA) against cholestatic liver injury is related to anti-apoptosis beside of the bile acids (BAs) regulation. Herein, we explored the non-metabolic regulating mechanism of OCA for resisting LCA-induced cholestatic liver injury via anti-apoptosis. MAIN METHODS LCA-induced cholestatic liver injury mice were pretreated with OCA to evaluate its hepatoprotective effect and mechanism. Biochemical and pathological indicators were used to detect the protective effect of OCA on LCA-induced cholestatic liver injury. The bile acids (BAs) profile in serum was detected by LC-MS/MS. Hepatocyte BAs metabolism, apoptosis and inflammation related genes and proteins alteration were investigated by biochemical determination. KEY FINDINGS OCA improved LCA-induced cholestasis and hepatic apoptosis in mice. The BA profile in serum was changed by OCA mainly manifested as a reduction of taurine-conjugated bile acids, which was due to the upregulation of FXR-related bile acid efflux transporters bile salt export pump (BSEP), multi-drug resistant associated protein 2 (MRP2), MRP3 and multi-drug resistance 3 (MDR3). Apoptosis related proteins cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-8 and cleaved PARP were obviously reduced after OCA treatment. SIGNIFICANCE OCA improved LCA-induced cholestatic liver injury via FXR-induced exogenous cell apoptosis, which will provide new evidence for the application of OCA to ameliorate PBC in clinical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Lu
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yangping Zhu
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Changling Wang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Rongmi Zhang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yingying Miao
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chai
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Qinwei Yu
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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2
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Gaitan B, Frankel L, Vig S, Oskoui E, Adwan M, Chen Y, Elespuru R, Huang HC, Pfefer TJ. Quantifying the Photochemical Damage Potential of Contrast-Enhanced Fluorescence Imaging Products: Singlet Oxygen Production. Photochem Photobiol 2022; 98:736-747. [PMID: 35442536 PMCID: PMC9540578 DOI: 10.1111/php.13638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The benefits of contrast‐enhancing imaging probes have become apparent over the past decade. However, there is a gap in the literature when it comes to the assessment of the phototoxic potential of imaging probes and systems emitting visible and/or near‐infrared radiation. The primary mechanism of fluorescent agent phototoxicity is thought to involve the production of reactive molecular species (RMS), yet little has been published on the best practices for safety evaluation of RMS production levels for clinical products. We have proposed methods involving a cell‐free assay to quantify singlet oxygen [(SO) a known RMS] generation of imaging probes, and performed testing of Indocyanine Green (ICG), Proflavine, Methylene Blue, IR700 and IR800 at clinically relevant concentrations and radiant exposures. Results indicated that SO production from IR800 and ICG were more than two orders of magnitude below that of the known SO generator Rose Bengal. Methylene Blue and IR700 produced much higher SO levels than ICG and IR800. These results were in good agreement with data from the literature. While agents that exhibit spectral overlap with the assay may be more prone to errors, our tests for one of these agents (Proflavine) appeared robust. Overall, our results indicate that this methodology shows promise for assessing the phototoxic potential of fluorophores due to SO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Gaitan
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Lucas Frankel
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Shruti Vig
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ellen Oskoui
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Miriam Adwan
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Rosalie Elespuru
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Huang Chiao Huang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - T Joshua Pfefer
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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3
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Secor JD, Yu L, Tsikis S, Fligor S, Puder M, Gura KM. Current strategies for managing intestinal failure-associated liver disease. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2020; 20:307-320. [PMID: 33356650 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2021.1867099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD) refers to hepatic dysfunction that results from prolonged parenteral nutrition (PN) use. IFALD is multifactorial in origin and remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Prior to 2004, IFALD was associated with mortality as high as 90% in infants who remained on PN greater than 1 year. The advent of new strategies for intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) administration and improved catheter care now allow many patients to remain on PN and recover from this once fatal condition. Several additional treatment modalities are often used to further improve outcomes for IFALD patients and they are reviewed here.Areas covered: The etiology of IFALD is presented, as well as the rationale behind the use of ILEs that contain fish oil. Other management strategies are addressed, including the effects of several pharmacologic and nutritional interventions.Expert opinion: Like its etiology, the management of IFALD is multifactorial. Prompt recognition of patients at risk, avoiding macronutrient excess, and preventing central line associated bloodstream infections will improve outcomes. In patients who develop IFALD, the use of fish oil monotherapy seems to be efficacious. The most effective intervention, however, continues to be discontinuation of PN and achieving full enteral feedings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan D Secor
- Harvard Medical School, Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lumeng Yu
- Harvard Medical School, Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Savas Tsikis
- Harvard Medical School, Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott Fligor
- Harvard Medical School, Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark Puder
- Harvard Medical School, Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathleen M Gura
- Department of Pharmacy, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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4
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Dempsey JL, Wang D, Siginir G, Fei Q, Raftery D, Gu H, Yue Cui J. Pharmacological Activation of PXR and CAR Downregulates Distinct Bile Acid-Metabolizing Intestinal Bacteria and Alters Bile Acid Homeostasis. Toxicol Sci 2019; 168:40-60. [PMID: 30407581 PMCID: PMC6821357 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome regulates important host metabolic pathways including xenobiotic metabolism and intermediary metabolism, such as the conversion of primary bile acids (BAs) into secondary BAs. The nuclear receptors pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) are well-known regulators for xenobiotic biotransformation in liver. However, little is known regarding the potential effects of PXR and CAR on the composition and function of the gut microbiome. To test our hypothesis that activation of PXR and CAR regulates gut microbiota and secondary BA synthesis, 9-week-old male conventional and germ-free mice were orally gavaged with corn oil, PXR agonist PCN (75 mg/kg), or CAR agonist TCPOBOP (3 mg/kg) once daily for 4 days. PCN and TCPOBOP decreased two taxa in the Bifidobacterium genus, which corresponded with decreased gene abundance of the BA-deconjugating enzyme bile salt hydrolase. In liver and small intestinal content of germ-free mice, there was a TCPOBOP-mediated increase in total, primary, and conjugated BAs corresponding with increased Cyp7a1 mRNA. Bifidobacterium, Dorea, Peptociccaceae, Anaeroplasma, and Ruminococcus positively correlated with T-UDCA in LIC, but negatively correlated with T-CDCA in serum. In conclusion, PXR and CAR activation downregulates BA-metabolizing bacteria in the intestine and modulates BA homeostasis in a gut microbiota-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Dempsey
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105
| | - Dongfang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109
- Chongqing Blood Center, Chongqing 400015, P.R. China
| | - Gunseli Siginir
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105
| | - Qiang Fei
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109
- Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130061, P.R. China
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona 85004
| | - Julia Yue Cui
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105
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5
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Clair HB, Pinkston CM, Rai SN, Pavuk M, Dutton ND, Brock GN, Prough RA, Falkner KC, McClain CJ, Cave MC. Liver Disease in a Residential Cohort With Elevated Polychlorinated Biphenyl Exposures. Toxicol Sci 2018; 164:39-49. [PMID: 29684222 PMCID: PMC6016643 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine and metabolism disrupting chemicals (EDCs/MDCs) have been associated with environmental liver diseases including toxicant-associated steatohepatitis (TASH). TASH has previously been characterized by hepatocellular necrosis, disrupted intermediary metabolism, and liver inflammation. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are environmental EDCs/MDCs associated with the genesis and progression of steatohepatitis in animal models and human liver injury in epidemiology studies. The cross-sectional Anniston Community Health Survey (ACHS) investigates ortho-substituted PCB exposures and health effects near a former PCB manufacturing complex. The rates of obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia were previously determined to be high in ACHS. In this study, 738 ACHS participants were categorized by liver disease status using the serum cytokeratin 18 biomarker. Associations between PCB exposures and mechanistic biomarkers of intermediary metabolism, inflammation, and hepatocyte death were determined. The liver disease prevalence was high (60.2%), and 80.7% of these individuals were categorized as having TASH. Sex and race/ethnicity differences were noted. TASH was associated with increased exposures to specific PCB congeners, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, proinflammatory cytokines, and liver necrosis. These findings are consistent with PCB-related steatohepatitis. ΣPCBs was inversely associated with insulin resistance/production, leptin, and hepatocyte apoptosis, while other adipocytokines were increased. This is possibly the largest environmental liver disease study applying mechanistic biomarkers ever performed and the most comprehensive analysis of PCBs and adipocytokines. It provides insight into the mechanisms of PCB-related endocrine and metabolic disruption in liver disease and diabetes. In the future, associations between additional exposures and liver disease biomarkers will be evaluated in the ACHS and follow-up ACHS-II studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather B Clair
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
| | - Christina M Pinkston
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Information Sciences
- Biostatistics Shared Facility, James Graham Brown Cancer Center
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology COBRE Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
| | - Shesh N Rai
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Information Sciences
- Biostatistics Shared Facility, James Graham Brown Cancer Center
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology COBRE Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
| | - Marian Pavuk
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), Atlanta, Georgia 30341
| | - Nina D Dutton
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Research Participant, ATSDR, Atlanta, Georgia 30341
| | - Guy N Brock
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Information Sciences
| | - Russell A Prough
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
| | - Keith Cameron Falkner
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology COBRE Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Craig J McClain
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology COBRE Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Research Participant, ATSDR, Atlanta, Georgia 30341
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
- The Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky 40206
- The KentuckyOne Health Jewish Hospital Liver Transplant Program, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
| | - Matthew C Cave
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology COBRE Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Research Participant, ATSDR, Atlanta, Georgia 30341
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
- The Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky 40206
- The KentuckyOne Health Jewish Hospital Liver Transplant Program, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
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6
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Zhao Q, Yang R, Liu F, Wang J, Hu DD, Yang XW, Li F. Metabolomics reveals that PPARα activation protects against lithocholic acid-induced liver injury. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08823j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fenofibrate protected against LCA-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Kunming 650201
- China
| | - Rui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Kunming 650201
- China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Kunming 650201
- China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Kunming 650201
- China
| | - Dan-Dan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Kunming 650201
- China
| | - Xiu-Wei Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Peking University Health Science Center
- Peking University
- Beijing 100191
- China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Kunming 650201
- China
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RNA-Seq reveals common and unique PXR- and CAR-target gene signatures in the mouse liver transcriptome. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2016; 1859:1198-1217. [PMID: 27113289 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) are well-known xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptors with overlapping functions. However, there lacks a quantitative characterization to distinguish between the PXR and CAR target genes and signaling pathways in the liver. The present study performed a transcriptomic comparison of the PXR- and CAR-targets using RNA-Seq in livers of adult wild-type mice that were treated with the prototypical PXR ligand PCN (200mg/kg, i.p. once daily for 4days in corn oil) or the prototypical CAR ligand TCPOBOP (3mg/kg, i.p., once daily for 4days in corn oil). At the given doses, TCPOBOP differentially regulated many more genes (2125) than PCN (212), and 147 of the same genes were differentially regulated by both chemicals. As expected, the top pathways differentially regulated by both PCN and TCPOBOP were involved in xenobiotic metabolism, and they also up-regulated genes involved in retinoid metabolism, but down-regulated genes involved in inflammation and iron homeostasis. Regarding unique pathways, PXR activation appeared to overlap with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling, whereas CAR activation appeared to overlap with the farnesoid X receptor signaling, acute-phase response, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The mRNAs of differentially regulated drug-processing genes (DPGs) partitioned into three patterns, namely TCPOBOP-induced, PCN-induced, as well as TCPOBOP-suppressed gene clusters. The cumulative mRNAs of the differentially regulated DPGs, phase-I and -II enzymes, as well as efflux transporters were all up-regulated by both PCN and TCPOBOPOP, whereas the cumulative mRNAs of the uptake transporters were down-regulated only by TCPOBOP. The absolute mRNA abundance in control and receptor-activated conditions was examined in each DPG category to predict the contribution of specific DPG genes in the PXR/CAR-mediated pharmacokinetic responses. The preferable differential regulation by TCPOBOP in the entire hepatic transcriptome correlated with a marked change in the expression of many DNA and histone epigenetic modifiers. In conclusion, the present study has revealed known and novel, as well as common and unique targets of PXR and CAR in mouse liver following pharmacological activation using their prototypical ligands. Results from this study will further support the role of these receptors in regulating the homeostasis of xenobiotic and intermediary metabolism in the liver, and aid in distinguishing between PXR and CAR signaling at various physiological and pathophysiological conditions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Xenobiotic nuclear receptors: New Tricks for An Old Dog, edited by Dr. Wen Xie.
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Sellinger M, Xu W, Pathil A, Stremmel W, Chamulitrat W. Ursodeoxycholyl lysophosphatidylethanolamide inhibits cholestasis- and hypoxia-induced apoptosis by upregulating antiapoptosis proteins. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 240:252-60. [PMID: 25125499 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214547157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
An increase of toxic bile acids such as glycochenodeoxycholic acid occurs during warm ischemia reperfusion causing cholestasis and damage in hepatocytes and intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells. We aim to test antiapoptosis effects of ursodeoxycholyl lysophosphatidylethanolamide under cholestatic induction by glycochenodeoxycholic acid treatment of mouse hepatocytes and hypoxia induction by cobalt chloride treatment of intrahepatic biliary epithelial cancer Mz-ChA-1cell line. Such treatments caused marked increases in apoptosis as evidenced by activation of caspase 3, caspase 8 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1. Co-treatment with ursodeoxycholyl lysophosphatidylethanolamide significantly inhibited these increases. Interestingly, ursodeoxycholyl lysophosphatidylethanolamide was able to increase expression of antiapoptotic cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein in both cell types. Ursodeoxycholyl lysophosphatidylethanolamide also prevented the decreases of myeloid cell leukemia sequence-1 protein in both experimental systems, and this protection was due to ursodeoxycholyl lysophosphatidylethanolamide's ability to inhibit ubiquitination-mediated degradation of myeloid cell leukemia sequence-1, and to increase the phosphorylation of GSK-3β. In addition, ursodeoxycholyl lysophosphatidylethanolamide was able to prevent the decreased expression of another antiapoptotic cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 2 in cobalt chloride-treated Mz-ChA-1 cells. Hence, ursodeoxycholyl lysophosphatidylethanolamide mediated cytoprotection against apoptosis during toxic bile-acid and ischemic stresses by a mechanism involving accumulation of cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein, myeloid cell leukemia sequence-1 and cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 2 proteins. Ursodeoxycholyl lysophosphatidylethanolamide may thus be used as an agent to prevent hepatic ischemia reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myra Sellinger
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, University Heidelberg Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Weihong Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, University Heidelberg Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anita Pathil
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, University Heidelberg Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Stremmel
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, University Heidelberg Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walee Chamulitrat
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, University Heidelberg Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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9
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Song L, Liu D, Wu C, Wu S, Yang J, Ren F, Li Y. Antibody to mCLCA3 suppresses symptoms in a mouse model of asthma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82367. [PMID: 24349268 PMCID: PMC3857274 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Asthma is a complex and heterogeneous chronic inflammatory disorder that is associated with mucous cell metaplasia and mucus hypersecretion. Functional genomic analysis indicates that mucous cell metaplasia and mucus hypersecretion depend on members of the calcium-activated chloride channel (CLCA) gene family. It has been reported that the inhibition of CLCAs could relieve the symptoms of asthma. Thus, the mCLCA3 antibody may be a promising strategy to treat allergic diseases such as asthma. Methods We constructed asthmatic mouse models of OVA-induced chronic airway inflammatory disorder to study the function of the mCLCA3 antibody. Airway inflammation was measured by HE staining; goblet cell hyperplasia and mucus hypersecretion were detected by PAS staining; muc5ac, IL-13, IFN-γ levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were examined by ELISA; Goblet cell apoptosis was measured by TUNEL assay and alcian blue staining; mCLCA3, Bcl-2 and Bax expression were detected by RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis. Results In our study, mice treated with mCLCA3 antibody developed fewer pathological changes compared with control mice and asthmatic mice, including a remarkable reduction in airway inflammation, the number of goblet cells and mCLCA3 expression in lung tissue. The levels of muc5ac and IL-13 were significantly reduced in BALF. We also found that the rate of goblet cell apoptosis was increased after treatment with mCLCA3 antibody, which was accompanied by an increase in Bax levels and a decrease in Bcl-2 expression in goblet cells. Conclusions Taken together, our results indicate that mCLCA3 antibody may have the potential as an effective pharmacotherapy for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dapeng Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Changgui Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shouzhen Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Junlan Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fangping Ren
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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10
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miR-137 regulates the constitutive androstane receptor and modulates doxorubicin sensitivity in parental and doxorubicin-resistant neuroblastoma cells. Oncogene 2013; 33:3717-29. [PMID: 23934188 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is the most common treatment for cancer. However, multidrug resistance (MDR) remains a major obstacle to effective chemotherapy, limiting the efficacy of both conventional chemotherapeutic and novel biologic agents. The constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), a xenosensor, is a key regulator of MDR. It functions in xenobiotic detoxification by regulating the expression of phase I drug-metabolizing enzymes and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, whose overexpression in cancers and whose role in drug resistance make them potential therapeutic targets for reducing MDR. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous negative regulators of gene expression and have been implicated in most cellular processes, including drug resistance. Here, we report the inversely related expression of miR-137 and CAR in parental and doxorubicin-resistant neuroblastoma cells, wherein miR-137 is downregulated in resistant cells. miR-137 overexpression resulted in downregulation of CAR protein and mRNA (via mRNA degradation); it sensitized doxorubicin-resistant cells to doxorubicin (as shown by reduced proliferation, increased apoptosis and increased G2-phase cell cycle arrest) and reduced the in vivo growth rate of neuroblastoma xenografts. We observed similar results in cellular models of hepatocellular and colon cancers, indicating that the doxorubicin-sensitizing effect of miR-137 is not tumor type-specific. Finally, we show for the first time a negative feedback loop whereby miR-137 downregulates CAR expression and CAR downregulates miR-137 expression. Hypermethylation of the miR-137 promoter and negative regulation of miR-137 by CAR contribute in part to reduced miR-137 expression and increased CAR and MDR1 expression in doxorubicin-resistant neuroblastoma cells. These findings demonstrate that miR-137 is a crucial regulator of cancer response to doxorubicin treatment, and they identify miR-137 as a highly promising target to reduce CAR-driven doxorubicin resistance.
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Abstract
Bile acids are signaling molecules that activate nuclear receptors, such as farnesoid X receptor, pregnane X receptor, constitutive androstane receptor, and vitamin D receptor, and play a critical role in the regulation of lipid, glucose, energy, and drug metabolism. These xenobiotic/endobiotic-sensing nuclear receptors regulate phase I oxidation, phase II conjugation, and phase III transport in bile acid and drug metabolism in the digestive system. Integration of bile acid metabolism with drug metabolism controls absorption, transport, and metabolism of nutrients and drugs to maintain metabolic homeostasis and also protects against liver injury, inflammation, and related metabolic diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes, and obesity. Bile-acid-based drugs targeting nuclear receptors are in clinical trials for treating cholestatic liver diseases and fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiangang Li
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio 44272, USA
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Wang YG, Zhou JM, Ma ZC, Li H, Liang QD, Tan HL, Xiao CR, Zhang BL, Gao Y. Pregnane X receptor mediated-transcription regulation of CYP3A by glycyrrhizin: A possible mechanism for its hepatoprotective property against lithocholic acid-induced injury. Chem Biol Interact 2012; 200:11-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2012.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Dau PT, Sakai H, Hirano M, Ishibashi H, Tanaka Y, Kameda K, Fujino T, Kim EY, Iwata H. Quantitative Analysis of the Interaction of Constitutive Androstane Receptor with Chemicals and Steroid Receptor Coactivator 1 Using Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor Systems: A Case Study of the Baikal Seal (Pusa sibirica) and the Mouse. Toxicol Sci 2012; 131:116-27. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Smetanina MA, Pakharukova MY, Kurinna SM, Dong B, Hernandez JP, Moore DD, Merkulova TI. Ortho-aminoazotoluene activates mouse constitutive androstane receptor (mCAR) and increases expression of mCAR target genes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 255:76-85. [PMID: 21672546 PMCID: PMC3148291 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Revised: 05/15/2011] [Accepted: 05/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
2'-3-dimethyl-4-aminoazobenzene (ortho-aminoazotoluene, OAT) is an azo dye and a rodent carcinogen that has been evaluated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a possible (class 2B) human carcinogen. Its mechanism of action remains unclear. We examined the role of the xenobiotic receptor Constitutive Androstane Receptor (CAR, NR1I3) as a mediator of the effects of OAT. We found that OAT increases mouse CAR (mCAR) transactivation in a dose-dependent manner. This effect is specific because another closely related azo dye, 3'-methyl-4-dimethyl-aminoazobenzene (3'MeDAB), did not activate mCAR. Real-time Q-PCR analysis in wild-type C57BL/6 mice revealed that OAT induces the hepatic mRNA expression of the following CAR target genes: Cyp2b10, Cyp2c29, Cyp3a11, Ugt1a1, Mrp4, Mrp2 and c-Myc. CAR-null (Car(-/-)) mice showed no increased expression of these genes following OAT treatment, demonstrating that CAR is required for their OAT dependent induction. The OAT-induced CAR-dependent increase of Cyp2b10 and c-Myc expression was confirmed by Western blotting. Immunohistochemistry analysis of wild-type and Car(-/-) livers showed that OAT did not acutely induce hepatocyte proliferation, but at much later time points showed an unexpected CAR-dependent proliferative response. These studies demonstrate that mCAR is an OAT xenosensor, and indicate that at least some of the biological effects of this compound are mediated by this nuclear receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya A Smetanina
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Renga B, Migliorati M, Mencarelli A, Cipriani S, D'Amore C, Distrutti E, Fiorucci S. Farnesoid X receptor suppresses constitutive androstane receptor activity at the multidrug resistance protein-4 promoter. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2011; 1809:157-65. [PMID: 21296199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2011.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance protein-4 (MRP4) is a member of the multidrug resistance associated gene family that is expressed on the basolateral membrane of hepatocytes and undergoes adaptive up-regulation in response to cholestatic injury or bile acid feeding. In this study we demonstrate that farnesoid X receptor (FXR) regulates MRP4 in vivo and in vitro. In vivo deletion of FXR induces MRP4 gene expression. In vitro treatment of HepG2 cells with FXR ligands, chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), cholic acid (CA) and the synthetic ligand GW-4064 suppresses basal mRNA level of the MRP4 gene as well as the co-treatment with CDCA and 6-(4-Chlorophenyl)imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole-5-carbaldehyde-O-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxime (CITCO), an activator of constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). We found in the human MRP4 promoter a CAR responsive element (CARE) embedded within an FXR responsive element (FXRE). We cloned this region and found that FXR suppresses CAR activity in luciferase assay. Finally, we demonstrated that FXR competes with CAR for binding to this overlapping binding site. Our results support the view that FXR activation in obstructive cholestasis might worsen liver injury by hijacking a protective mechanism regulated by CAR and provides a new molecular explanation to the pathophysiology of cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Renga
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, University of Perugia, Via E dal Pozzo, 06122 Perugia, Italy.
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