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Behets GJ, Mubiana KV, Lamberts L, Finsterle K, Traill N, Blust R, D'Haese PC. Use of lanthanum for water treatment A matter of concern? CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 239:124780. [PMID: 31726528 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Among several other eutrophication management tools, Phoslock®, a lanthanum modified bentonite (LMB) clay, is now frequently used. Concerns have been raised as to whether exposure to Phoslock®-treated water may lead to lanthanum accumulation/toxicity in both animals and humans. In the present experimental study, rats were administered lanthanum orally as either lanthanum carbonate, lanthanum chloride or Phoslock® at doses of either 0.5 or 17 mg/L during 10 weeks. Controls received vehicle. The gastrointestinal absorption and tissue distribution of lanthanum was investigated. Extremely strict measures were implemented to avoid cross-contamination between different tissues or animals. Results showed no differences in gastrointestinal absorption between the different compounds under study as reflected by the serum lanthanum levels and concentrations found in the brain, bone, heart, spleen, lung, kidney and testes. At sacrifice, significant but equally increased lanthanum concentrations versus vehicle were observed in the liver for the highest dose of each compound which however, remained several orders of magnitude below the liver lanthanum concentration previously measured after long-term therapeutic administration of lanthanum carbonate and for which no hepatotoxicity was noticed in humans. In conclusion, (i) the use of LMB does not pose a toxicity risk (ii) gastrointestinal absorption of lanthanum is minimal and independent on the type of the compound, (iii) with exception of the liver, no significant increase in lanthanum levels is observed in the various organs under study, (iv) based on previous studies, the slightly increased liver lanthanum levels observed in a worst case scenario do not hold any risk of hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert J Behets
- Laboratory of Pahophysiology, Department Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kayawe Valentine Mubiana
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ludwig Lamberts
- Laboratory of Pahophysiology, Department Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Nigel Traill
- Phoslock® Environmental Technologies Ltd, Australia
| | - Ronny Blust
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Patrick C D'Haese
- Laboratory of Pahophysiology, Department Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium.
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Squadrone S, Brizio P, Stella C, Mantia M, Battuello M, Nurra N, Sartor RM, Orusa R, Robetto S, Brusa F, Mogliotti P, Garrone A, Abete MC. Rare earth elements in marine and terrestrial matrices of Northwestern Italy: Implications for food safety and human health. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 660:1383-1391. [PMID: 30743932 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) are central in several critical technologies; their use is constantly increasing as is their release into the environment. For this reason, it is important to investigate REE concentrations in different matrices to evaluate human exposure and environmental risk of these emerging contaminants. REEs were measured by ICP-MS in matrices of terrestrial (plant feed, fruit, honey, wildlife livers) and marine origin (seaweeds, zooplankton, bivalves, fish) collected from Northwestern Italy. Highest REE concentrations were measured at low trophic levels, both in terrestrial and marine environments, such as plants (ΣREE 1.8 mg kg-1) and seaweed (ΣREE 12 mg kg-1), the major source of exposure and transfer of REEs to food webs. REE concentrations were several orders of magnitude lower in fruit, honey, and livers from terrestrial wildlife, suggesting a negligible risk of exposure by these matrices. Marine biota, such as bivalves (ΣREE 0.16 mg kg-1) and fish (ΣREE 0.21 mg kg-1) may constitute a pathway for human or animal dietary exposure. The study confirmed that REEs have low potential for biomagnification, but instead are subject to trophic dilution. However, given the numerous sources of dietary introduction of REEs, they should be monitored for a possible harmful cumulative effect. Owing to the scarcity of data regarding REEs worldwide, our results contribute to assessment of the occurrence of these emerging contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Squadrone
- Chemistry Department, CReAA, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy.
| | - Paola Brizio
- Chemistry Department, CReAA, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Caterina Stella
- Chemistry Department, CReAA, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Martino Mantia
- Chemistry Department, CReAA, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Battuello
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; Pelagosphera Scarl, Via Umberto Cosmo 17 bis, 10131 Turin, Italy
| | - Nicola Nurra
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; Pelagosphera Scarl, Via Umberto Cosmo 17 bis, 10131 Turin, Italy
| | - Rocco Mussat Sartor
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; Pelagosphera Scarl, Via Umberto Cosmo 17 bis, 10131 Turin, Italy
| | - Riccardo Orusa
- Chemistry Department, CReAA, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy; National Reference Centre for Wildlife Diseases, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Aosta, Italy
| | - Serena Robetto
- Chemistry Department, CReAA, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy; National Reference Centre for Wildlife Diseases, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Aosta, Italy
| | - Fulvio Brusa
- Chemistry Department, CReAA, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy; Regional Reference Centre for Bees, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Asti, Italy
| | - Paola Mogliotti
- Chemistry Department, CReAA, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy; Regional Reference Centre for Bees, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Asti, Italy
| | - Annalisa Garrone
- Chemistry Department, CReAA, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy; Regional Reference Centre for Bees, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Asti, Italy
| | - Maria Cesarina Abete
- Chemistry Department, CReAA, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
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D'Haese PC, Douglas G, Verhulst A, Neven E, Behets GJ, Vervaet BA, Finsterle K, Lürling M, Spears B. Human health risk associated with the management of phosphorus in freshwaters using lanthanum and aluminium. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 220:286-299. [PMID: 30590295 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The use of geo-engineering materials to manage phosphorus in lakes has increased in recent years with aluminium and lanthanum based materials being most commonly applied. Hence the potential impact of the use of these compounds on human health is receiving growing interest. This review seeks to understand, evaluate and compare potential unintended consequences on human health and ecotoxicological risks associated with the use of lanthanum- and aluminium-based materials to modify chemical and ecological conditions in water bodies. In addition to their therapeutic use for the reduction of intestinal phosphate absorption in patients with impaired renal function, the phosphate binding capacity of aluminium and lanthanum also led to the development of materials used for water treatment. Although lanthanum and aluminium share physicochemical similarities and have many common applications, their uptake and kinetics within the human body and living organisms importantly differ from each other which is reflected in a different toxicity profile. Whilst a causal role in the development of neurological pathologies, skeletal lesions, hematopoietic disorders and respiratory effects has unequivocally been demonstrated with increased exposure to aluminium, studies until now have failed to find such a clear association after exposure to lanthanum although caution is warranted. Our review indicates that lanthanum and aluminium have a distinctly different profile with respect to their potential effects on human health. Regular monitoring of both aluminium and lanthanum concentrations in lanthanum-/aluminium-treated water by the responsible authorities is recommended to avoid acute accidental or chronic low level accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C D'Haese
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | | | - Anja Verhulst
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ellen Neven
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Geert J Behets
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Karin Finsterle
- Abteilung Limnologie, Institut Dr. Nowak, Mayenbrook 1, 28870 Ottersberg, Germany
| | - Miquel Lürling
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bryan Spears
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, UK
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Yabuki K, Haratake J, Tsuda Y, Shiba E, Harada H, Yorita K, Uchihashi K, Matsuyama A, Hirata K, Hisaoka M. Lanthanum-Induced Mucosal Alterations in the Stomach (Lanthanum Gastropathy): a Comparative Study Using an Animal Model. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 185:36-47. [PMID: 29302869 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1235-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lanthanum (La) carbonate (LC) is one of the most potent phosphate binders that prevents the elevation of serum phosphate levels in patients with end-stage renal diseases undergoing dialysis. LC binds strongly to dietary phosphate and forms insoluble complexes that pass through the gastrointestinal tract. La deposition in patients treated with LC is a recently documented finding particularly observed in gastric mucosa. We herein describe the detailed gastric mucosal lesions in 45 LC-treated patients and address the potential underlying pathologic mechanism using oral LC administration in rats. Microscopically, La deposition, as shown by subepithelial collections of plump eosinophilic histiocytes or small foreign body granulomas containing coarse granular or amorphous inclusion bodies, was found in the gastric mucosa of 44 (97.8%) of the 45 dialysis patients in the study cohort, which was most frequently associated with foveolar hyperplasia (37.8%). Using oral administration of rats with 1000 mg/day LC for 2 or more weeks, La deposition was consistently detectable in the gastric mucosa but not in other organs examined. In addition, various histologic alterations such as glandular atrophy, stromal fibrosis, proliferation of mucous neck cells, intestinal metaplasia, squamous cell papilloma, erosion, and ulcer were demonstrated in the rat model. Thus, orally administered LC can induce mucosal injury, designated here as La gastropathy, which may alter the local environment and result in La deposition in the gastric mucosa, thereby potentially inducing abnormal cell proliferation or neoplastic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Yabuki
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan.
- Department of Surgery 1, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.
| | - Joji Haratake
- Division of Pathology, Saiseikai Yahata General Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yojiro Tsuda
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Eisuke Shiba
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Harada
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Kenji Yorita
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Japanese Red Cross Kochi Hospital, Kochi, Japan
| | | | - Atsuji Matsuyama
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Keiji Hirata
- Department of Surgery 1, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Masanori Hisaoka
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
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Nongnuch A, Davenport A. The Effect of On-Line Hemodiafiltration, Vegetarian Diet, and Urine Volume on Advanced Glycosylation End Products Measured by Changes in Skin Auto-Fluorescence. Artif Organs 2018; 42:1078-1085. [DOI: 10.1111/aor.13143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arkom Nongnuch
- Renal Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital; Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
- Centre for Nephrology, UCL Medical School Royal Free; University College London; London United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Davenport
- Centre for Nephrology, UCL Medical School Royal Free; University College London; London United Kingdom
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Copetti D, Finsterle K, Marziali L, Stefani F, Tartari G, Douglas G, Reitzel K, Spears BM, Winfield IJ, Crosa G, D'Haese P, Yasseri S, Lürling M. Eutrophication management in surface waters using lanthanum modified bentonite: A review. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 97:162-174. [PMID: 26706125 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews the scientific knowledge on the use of a lanthanum modified bentonite (LMB) to manage eutrophication in surface water. The LMB has been applied in around 200 environments worldwide and it has undergone extensive testing at laboratory, mesocosm, and whole lake scales. The available data underline a high efficiency for phosphorus binding. This efficiency can be limited by the presence of humic substances and competing oxyanions. Lanthanum concentrations detected during a LMB application are generally below acute toxicological threshold of different organisms, except in low alkalinity waters. To date there are no indications for long-term negative effects on LMB treated ecosystems, but issues related to La accumulation, increase of suspended solids and drastic resources depletion still need to be explored, in particular for sediment dwelling organisms. Application of LMB in saline waters need a careful risk evaluation due to potential lanthanum release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Copetti
- Water Research Institute - National Research Council of Italy (IRSA-CNR), Via del Mulino, 19, 20861 Brugherio, MB, Italy.
| | - Karin Finsterle
- Institut Dr. Nowak, Mayenbrook 1, 28870, Ottersberg, Germany
| | - Laura Marziali
- Water Research Institute - National Research Council of Italy (IRSA-CNR), Via del Mulino, 19, 20861 Brugherio, MB, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Stefani
- Water Research Institute - National Research Council of Italy (IRSA-CNR), Via del Mulino, 19, 20861 Brugherio, MB, Italy
| | - Gianni Tartari
- Water Research Institute - National Research Council of Italy (IRSA-CNR), Via del Mulino, 19, 20861 Brugherio, MB, Italy
| | | | - Kasper Reitzel
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Bryan M Spears
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, UK
| | - Ian J Winfield
- Lake Ecosystems Group, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Giuseppe Crosa
- Ecology Unit, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Via H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Patrick D'Haese
- University of Antwerp, Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Said Yasseri
- Institut Dr. Nowak, Mayenbrook 1, 28870, Ottersberg, Germany
| | - Miquel Lürling
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Shen Y, Zhang S, Li S, Xu X, Jia Y, Gong G. Eucalyptus tolerance mechanisms to lanthanum and cerium: subcellular distribution, antioxidant system and thiol pools. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 117:567-574. [PMID: 25303462 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Guanglin 9 (Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophlla) and Eucalyptus grandis 5 are two eucalyptus species which have been found to grow normally in soils contaminated with lanthanum and cerium, but the tolerance mechanisms are not clear yet. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the tolerance mechanisms of the eucalyptus to lanthanum and cerium. Cell walls stored 45.40-63.44% of the metals under lanthanum or cerium stress. Peroxidase and catalase activities enhanced with increasing soil La or Ce concentrations up to 200 mg kg(-1), while there were no obvious changes in glutathione and ascorbate concentrations. Non-protein thiols concentrations increased with increasing treatment levels up to 200 mg kg(-1), and then decreased. Phytochelatins concentrations continued to increase under La or Ce stress. Therefore, the two eucalyptus species are La and Ce tolerant plants, and the tolerance mechanisms include cell wall deposition, antioxidant system response, and thiol compound synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment Protection of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang 611130, PR China; College of Resources and Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
| | - Shirong Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China; Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China.
| | - Sen Li
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment Protection of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang 611130, PR China; College of Resources and Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
| | - Xiaoxun Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
| | - Yongxia Jia
- College of Resources and Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
| | - Guoshu Gong
- Agricultural College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
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Du Z, Tian K. Effect of ytterbium on sodium current and its kinetics in rat hippocampal neurons. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-013-0078-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Effect of rare earth elements (REE) supplementation to diets on the carry-over into different organs and tissues of fattening bulls. Livest Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2011.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Abstract
Studies were conducted to compare the phosphate-binding efficacy of lanthanum carbonate directly with other clinically used phosphate binders and to evaluate any potential adverse pharmacology. To examine the phosphate-binding efficacy, rats with normal renal function and chronic renal failure received lanthanum carbonate, aluminum hydroxide, calcium carbonate, or sevelamer hydrochloride in several experimental models. Lanthanum carbonate and aluminum hydroxide markedly increased excretion of [32P]-phosphate in feces and reduced excretion in urine in rats with normal renal function (p < 0.05), indicating good dietary phosphate-binding efficacy. In rats with chronic renal failure, lanthanum carbonate and aluminum hydroxide reduced urinary phosphate excretion to a greater degree and more rapidly than calcium carbonate, which in turn was more effective than sevelamer hydrochloride. The potential to induce adverse pharmacological effects was assessed systematically in mice, rats, and dogs with normal renal function using standard in vivo models. There was no evidence of any adverse secondary pharmacological effects of lanthanum carbonate on the central nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, or gastrointestinal systems. These studies indicate that lanthanum carbonate is the more potent of the currently available dietary phosphate binders. No adverse secondary pharmacological actions were observed in vivo in a systematic evaluation at high doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J P Damment
- Shire Pharmaceuticals, Hampshire International Business Park, Chineham, Basingstoke, UK.
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Laville M. Efficacité et tolérance du carbonate de lanthane dans le traitement de l’hyperphosphorémie chez le patient insuffisant rénal chronique. Nephrol Ther 2011; 7:154-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2010.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Revised: 12/12/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Damment S, Secker R, Shen V, Lorenzo V, Rodriguez M. Long-term treatment with lanthanum carbonate reduces mineral and bone abnormalities in rats with chronic renal failure. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010; 26:1803-12. [PMID: 21098011 PMCID: PMC3107768 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfq682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Lanthanum carbonate (FOSRENOL®, Shire Pharmaceuticals) is an effective non-calcium, non-resin phosphate binder for the treatment of hyperphosphataemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this study, we used a rat model of chronic renal failure (CRF) to examine the long-term effects of controlling serum phosphorus with lanthanum carbonate treatment on the biochemical and bone abnormalities associated with CKD–mineral and bone disorder (CKD–MBD). Methods. Rats were fed a normal diet (normal renal function, NRF), or a diet containing 0.75% adenine for 3 weeks to induce CRF. NRF rats continued to receive normal diet plus vehicle or normal diet supplemented with 2% (w/w) lanthanum carbonate for 22 weeks. CRF rats received a diet containing 0.1% adenine, with or without 2% (w/w) lanthanum carbonate. Blood and urine biochemistry were assessed, and bone histomorphometry was performed at study completion. Results. Treatment with 0.75% adenine induced severe CRF, as demonstrated by elevated serum creatinine. Hyperphosphataemia, hypocalcaemia, elevated calcium × phosphorus product and secondary hyperparathyroidism were evident in CRF + vehicle animals. Treatment with lanthanum carbonate reduced hyperphosphataemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism in CRF animals (P < 0.05), and had little effect in NRF animals. Bone histomorphometry revealed a severe form of bone disease with fibrosis in CRF + vehicle animals; lanthanum carbonate treatment reduced the severity of the bone abnormalities observed, particularly woven bone formation and fibrosis. Conclusions. Long-term treatment with lanthanum carbonate reduced the biochemical and bone abnormalities of CKD–MBD in a rat model of CRF.
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Reply. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009. [PMCID: PMC2781157 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfp514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Smyth MDL, Pratt RD. A confusional state associated with use of lanthanum carbonate in a dialysis patient: a case report. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009; 24:3898-9; author reply 3899-3900. [PMID: 19783861 PMCID: PMC2781156 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfp508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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