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Fan K, Wang Y, Bian J, Sun Y, Dou J, Pan J, Yu Y. Study on the effects of rapamycin and the mTORC1/2 dual inhibitor OSI-027 on the metabolism of colon cancer cells based on UPLC-MS/MS metabolomics. Invest New Drugs 2024:10.1007/s10637-024-01438-y. [PMID: 38916794 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-024-01438-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
mTORC1/2 dual inhibitors may be more effective than mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin. However, their metabolic impacts on colon cancer cells remain unexplored. We conducted a comparative analysis of the anti-proliferative effects of rapamycin and the novel OSI-027 in colon cancer cells HCT-116, evaluating their metabolic influences through ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Our results demonstrate that OSI-027 more effectively inhibits colon cancer cell proliferation than rapamycin. Additionally, we identified nearly 600 metabolites from the spectra, revealing significant differences in metabolic patterns between cells treated with OSI-027 and rapamycin. Through VIP value screening, we pinpointed crucial metabolites contributing to these distinctions. For inhibiting glycolysis and reducing glucose consumption, OSI-027 was likely to be more potent than rapamycin. For amino acids metabolism, although OSI-027 has a broad effect as rapamycin, their effects in degrees were not exactly the same. These findings address the knowledge gap regarding mTORC1/2 dual inhibitors and lay a foundation for their further development and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 San Xiang Road, Suzhou City, 215004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueyuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 San Xiang Road, Suzhou City, 215004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangyujing Bian
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 San Xiang Road, Suzhou City, 215004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- College of Pharmacy, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yewen Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 San Xiang Road, Suzhou City, 215004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- College of Pharmacy, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Dou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 San Xiang Road, Suzhou City, 215004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 San Xiang Road, Suzhou City, 215004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunli Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 San Xiang Road, Suzhou City, 215004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Wang Y, Gao B, Chen X, Shi X, Li S, Zhang Q, Zhang C, Piao F. Improvement of diabetes-induced spinal cord axon injury with taurine via nerve growth factor-dependent Akt/mTOR pathway. Amino Acids 2024; 56:32. [PMID: 38637413 PMCID: PMC11026277 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-024-03392-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a common neurological complication caused by diabetes mellitus (DM). Axonal degeneration is generally accepted to be the major pathological change in peripheral DN. Taurine has been evidenced to be neuroprotective in various aspects, but its effect on spinal cord axon injury (SCAI) in DN remains barely reported. This study showed that taurine significantly ameliorated axonal damage of spinal cord (SC), based on morphological and functional analyses, in a rat model of DN induced by streptozotocin (STZ). Taurine was also found to induce neurite outgrowth in cultured cerebral cortex neurons with high glucose exposure. Moreover, taurine up-regulated the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) and neurite outgrowth relative protein GAP-43 in rat DN model and cultured cortical neurons/VSC4.1 cells. Besides, taurine increased the activating phosphorylation signals of TrkA, Akt, and mTOR. Mechanistically, the neuroprotection by taurine was related to the NGF-pAKT-mTOR axis, because either NGF-neutralizing antibody or Akt or mTOR inhibitors was found to attenuate its beneficial effects. Together, our results demonstrated that taurine promotes spinal cord axon repair in a model of SCAI in STZ-induced diabetic rats, mechanistically associating with the NGF-dependent activation of Akt/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachen Wang
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Bihu Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Xiaochi Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Xiaoxia Shi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuangyue Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Integrative Laboratory, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, China.
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China.
| | - Fengyuan Piao
- Department of Scientific Research Project, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, China.
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3
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Dong W, Wan J, Yu H, Shen B, Yang G, Nie Q, Tian Y, Qin L, Song C, Chen B, Li L, Hong S. Nrf2 protects against methamphetamine-induced nephrotoxicity by mitigating oxidative stress and autophagy in mice. Toxicol Lett 2023; 384:136-148. [PMID: 37567421 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) is a widely abused drug that can cause kidney damage. However, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor that regulates resistance to oxidative and proteotoxic stress. In this study, we investigated the role of Nrf2 in MA-induced renal injury in mice. Nrf2 was pharmacologically activated and genetically knocked-out in mice. The animal model of MA-induced nephrotoxicity was established by injecting MA (2 mg/kg) intraperitoneally twice a day for 5 days. Histopathological alterations were shown in the MA-exposed kidneys. MA significantly increased renal function biomarkers and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) levels. MA decreased superoxide dismutase activity and increased malondialdehyde levels. Autophagy-related factors (LC3 and Beclin 1) were elevated in MA-treated mice. Furthermore, Nrf2 increased in the MA-exposed kidneys. Activation of Nrf2 may attenuate histopathological changes in the kidneys of MA-treated mice. Pre-administration of Nrf2 agonist significantly decreased KIM-1 expression, oxidative stress, and autophagy in the kidneys after MA toxicity. In contrast, Nrf2 knockout mice treated with MA lost renal tubular morphology. Nrf2 deficiency increased KIM-1 expression, oxidative stress, and autophagy in the MA-exposed kidneys. Our results demonstrate that Nrf2 may protect against MA-induced nephrotoxicity by mitigating oxidative stress and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Dong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jia Wan
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Hunan 410005, China
| | - Hao Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China; West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Baoyu Shen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Genmeng Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qianyun Nie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China; Department of Pathology Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Yan Tian
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lixiang Qin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Chunhui Song
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Bingzheng Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lihua Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Shijun Hong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China.
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4
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Yang C, Yang R, Gu M, Hao J, Wang S, Li C. Chitooligosaccharides Derivatives Protect ARPE-19 Cells against Acrolein-Induced Oxidative Injury. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21030137. [PMID: 36976187 PMCID: PMC10058944 DOI: 10.3390/md21030137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss among the elderly. The progression of AMD is closely related to oxidative stress in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Here, a series of chitosan oligosaccharides (COSs) and N-acetylated derivatives (NACOSs) were prepared, and their protective effects on an acrolein-induced oxidative stress model of ARPE-19 were explored using the MTT assay. The results showed that COSs and NACOs alleviated APRE-19 cell damage induced by acrolein in a concentration-dependent manner. Among these, chitopentaose (COS–5) and its N-acetylated derivative (N–5) showed the best protective activity. Pretreatment with COS–5 or N–5 could reduce intracellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by acrolein, increase mitochondrial membrane potential, GSH level, and the enzymatic activity of SOD and GSH-Px. Further study indicated that N–5 increased the level of nuclear Nrf2 and the expression of downstream antioxidant enzymes. This study revealed that COSs and NACOSs reduced the degeneration and apoptosis of retinal pigment epithelial cells by enhancing antioxidant capacity, suggesting that they have the potential to be developed into novel protective agents for AMD treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Rongrong Yang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ming Gu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jiejie Hao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Shixin Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory of Marine Glycodrug Research and Development, Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, China
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (C.L.); Tel.: +86-532-8203-1631 (C.L.); Fax: +86-532-8203-3054 (C.L.)
| | - Chunxia Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
- Laboratory of Marine Glycodrug Research and Development, Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, China
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (C.L.); Tel.: +86-532-8203-1631 (C.L.); Fax: +86-532-8203-3054 (C.L.)
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Metabolic Hepatic Disorders Caused by Ciguatoxins in Goldfish ( Carassius auratus). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12243500. [PMID: 36552420 PMCID: PMC9774503 DOI: 10.3390/ani12243500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciguatera poisoning (CP) is a foodborne disease known for centuries; however, little research has been conducted on the effects of ciguatoxins (CTXs) on fish metabolism. The main objective of this study was to assess different hepatic compounds observed in goldfish (Carassius auratus) fed C-CTX1 using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics. Thirteen goldfish were treated with C-CTX1-enriched flesh and sampled on days 1, 8, 15, 29, 36, and 43. On day 43, two individuals, referred to as 'Detox', were isolated until days 102 and 121 to evaluate the possible recovery after returning to a commercial feed. At each sampling, hepatic tissue was weighed to calculate the hepatosomatic index (HSI) and analyzed for the metabolomics study; animals fed toxic flesh showed a higher HSI, even greater in the 'Detox' individuals. Furthermore, altered concentrations of alanine, lactate, taurine, glucose, and glycogen were observed in animals with the toxic diet. These disturbances could be related to an increase in ammonium ion (NH4+) production. An increase in ammonia (NH3) concentration in water was observed in the aquarium where the fish ingested toxic meat compared to the non-toxic aquarium. All these changes may be rationalized by the relationship between CTXs and the glucose-alanine cycle.
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6
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Shi Y, Zhong L, Fan Y, Zhang J, Dai J, Zhong H, Fu G, Hu Y. Taurine inhibits hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress, inflammatory response and apoptosis in liver of Monopterus albus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 128:536-546. [PMID: 35988713 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fish are extremely vulnerable to environmental stimulation and produce oxidative stress. Among them, hydrogen peroxide is an oxidative stress source that cannot be ignored in fish, which can cause physical disorders, inflammation and even death. Taurine was revealed to reduce oxidative damage and inflammation caused by toxic substances, but whether it can reduce toxicity of rice field eel caused by H2O2 has not been determined. Thus, the intervention effects of taurine on H2O2-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy in rice field eel. The results showed that oxidative injury in the liver was determined after H2O2 injection, as indicated by enhanced serum AST and ALT activities, inhibited the antioxidant function (increased MDA and ROS contents, decreased antioxidant enzymes, inhibited nrf2 transcription level), and induced inflammatory response (upregulated il-1β, il-6, il-8, and il-12β gene expression, downregulated tgf-β1 gene expression, activated the transcription level of nf-κb, tlr-3, and tlr-7). In addition, bax, caspase3, beclin1, and Lc3B gene expression were significantly upregulated after H2O2 injection, while bcl2 and p62 gene expression were downregulated, leading to the occurrence of apoptosis and autophagy. In contrast, adding 0.2 and 0.5% taurine to feed significantly alleviated this damage, as indicated by the recovery of the aforementioned bioindicators, and the effect of 0.5% taurine addition is better than 0.2%. Overall, these results suggested that taurine can relieve the liver toxicity induced by H2O2, which enriched the toxic mechanism of H2O2 on fish and provided evidence for the protective effect of taurine on liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Shi
- Hunan Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Distinctive Aquatic Resource, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Lei Zhong
- Hunan Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Distinctive Aquatic Resource, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yuding Fan
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Junzhi Zhang
- Hunan Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Distinctive Aquatic Resource, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jihong Dai
- Hunan Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Distinctive Aquatic Resource, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Huan Zhong
- Hunan Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Distinctive Aquatic Resource, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Guihong Fu
- Hunan Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Distinctive Aquatic Resource, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Hunan Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Distinctive Aquatic Resource, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
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7
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Guo D, Huang X, Xiong T, Wang X, Zhang J, Wang Y, Liang J. Molecular mechanisms of programmed cell death in methamphetamine-induced neuronal damage. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:980340. [PMID: 36059947 PMCID: PMC9428134 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.980340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine, commonly referred to as METH, is a highly addictive psychostimulant and one of the most commonly misused drugs on the planet. Using METH continuously can increase your risk for drug addiction, along with other health complications like attention deficit disorder, memory loss, and cognitive decline. Neurotoxicity caused by METH is thought to play a significant role in the onset of these neurological complications. The molecular mechanisms responsible for METH-caused neuronal damage are discussed in this review. According to our analysis, METH is closely associated with programmed cell death (PCD) in the process that causes neuronal impairment, such as apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. In reviewing this article, some insights are gained into how METH addiction is accompanied by cell death and may help to identify potential therapeutic targets for the neurological impairment caused by METH abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongming Guo
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xinlei Huang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tianqing Xiong
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xingyi Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yingge Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jingyan Liang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jingyan Liang,
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8
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Protection of the PC12 Cells by Nesfatin-1 Against Methamphetamine-Induced Neurotoxicity. Int J Pept Res Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-022-10417-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Tagawa R, Kobayashi M, Sakurai M, Yoshida M, Kaneko H, Mizunoe Y, Nozaki Y, Okita N, Sudo Y, Higami Y. Long-Term Dietary Taurine Lowers Plasma Levels of Cholesterol and Bile Acids. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031793. [PMID: 35163722 PMCID: PMC8836270 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential lipid in vertebrates, but excess blood cholesterol promotes atherosclerosis. In the liver, cholesterol is metabolized to bile acids by cytochrome P450, family 7, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 (CYP7A1), the transcription of which is negatively regulated by the ERK pathway. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a hepatokine, induces ERK phosphorylation and suppresses Cyp7a1 transcription. Taurine, a sulfur-containing amino acid, reportedly promotes cholesterol metabolism and lowers blood and hepatic cholesterol levels. However, the influence of long-term feeding of taurine on cholesterol levels and metabolism remains unclear. Here, to evaluate the more chronic effects of taurine on cholesterol levels, we analyzed mice fed a taurine-rich diet for 14-16 weeks. Long-term feeding of taurine lowered plasma cholesterol and bile acids without significantly changing other metabolic parameters, but hardly affected these levels in the liver. Moreover, taurine upregulated Cyp7a1 levels, while downregulated phosphorylated ERK and Fgf21 levels in the liver. Likewise, taurine-treated Hepa1-6 cells, a mouse hepatocyte line, exhibited downregulated Fgf21 levels and upregulated promoter activity of Cyp7a1. These results indicate that taurine promotes cholesterol metabolism by suppressing the FGF21/ERK pathway followed by upregulating Cyp7a1 expression. Collectively, this study shows that long-term feeding of taurine lowers both plasma cholesterol and bile acids, reinforcing that taurine effectively prevents hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoma Tagawa
- Department of Medicinal and Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; (R.T.); (M.S.); (M.Y.); (H.K.); (Y.N.); (Y.S.)
| | - Masaki Kobayashi
- Department of Medicinal and Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; (R.T.); (M.S.); (M.Y.); (H.K.); (Y.N.); (Y.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (Y.H.); Tel.: +81-4-7121-3676 (M.K.); +81-4-7121-3675 (Y.H.)
| | - Misako Sakurai
- Department of Medicinal and Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; (R.T.); (M.S.); (M.Y.); (H.K.); (Y.N.); (Y.S.)
| | - Maho Yoshida
- Department of Medicinal and Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; (R.T.); (M.S.); (M.Y.); (H.K.); (Y.N.); (Y.S.)
| | - Hiroki Kaneko
- Department of Medicinal and Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; (R.T.); (M.S.); (M.Y.); (H.K.); (Y.N.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yuhei Mizunoe
- Department of Internal Medicine Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan;
| | - Yuka Nozaki
- Department of Medicinal and Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; (R.T.); (M.S.); (M.Y.); (H.K.); (Y.N.); (Y.S.)
| | - Naoyuki Okita
- Division of Pathological Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Yamaguchi 756-0884, Japan;
| | - Yuka Sudo
- Department of Medicinal and Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; (R.T.); (M.S.); (M.Y.); (H.K.); (Y.N.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yoshikazu Higami
- Department of Medicinal and Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; (R.T.); (M.S.); (M.Y.); (H.K.); (Y.N.); (Y.S.)
- Division of Integrated Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (Y.H.); Tel.: +81-4-7121-3676 (M.K.); +81-4-7121-3675 (Y.H.)
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10
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Fucoxanthin alleviates methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity possibly via the inhibition of interaction between Keap1 and Nrf2. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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11
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Wang Z, Han S, Xu Z, Du P, Li X. Assessment on the adverse effects on different kinds of fish induced by methamphetamine during the natural attenuation process based on adverse outcome pathway. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 780:146587. [PMID: 33773348 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The adverse effects on model fish induced by methamphetamine (METH) have been revealed. However, the toxicity of METH on different kinds of non-model fish during the natural attenuation remained unclear. Hence, in this study, we for the first time established a static lab-scale aquatic ecosystem spiked with METH (initial levels at 25 μg/L) for 40 days to estimate its metabolism and toxicity in Chinese medaka, rosy bitterling, loach, and mosquito fish. The concentrations of METH in water and fish's brain were detected termly. The physiological functions, histopathology of brain, neurotransmitters contents, and expressions of associated genes of the four kinds of fish were determined at day 0, 20, and 40, respectively. The results indicated METH could be remarkably accumulated in fish brains with the distribution factor vs water (DFw) at 232.5-folds, and attenuated both in water and fish body during the exposure. METH caused physiological functions (i.e., swimming trajectories, locomotion distances, and feeding rates) disorders of the four kinds of fish, and stimulated surfacing behavior of loach. Tissue and macro/micromolecular biomarkers including histopathology, neurotransmitters (i.e., dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine), and mRNA, were similarly affected by METH. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) signaling pathway, P53-regulated apoptosis signaling pathway, N-methyl-d-aspartate-dopamine system, and mTOR signaling pathway of different kinds of fish were regulated by METH. Additionally, the impairments of the physiological and macromolecular indicators of fish could be alleviated as the natural attenuation of METH occurred. All the biomarkers, as well as the recovery effects during the exposure were integrated onto an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework. The key event was the micromolecular indicators (genes). The adverse outcomes at individual and population levels would result in the ecological consequences, implying the imperative to consider the natural attenuation process while assessing the environmental risk of METH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenglu Wang
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, PR China
| | - Sheng Han
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Zeqiong Xu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, PR China
| | - Peng Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
| | - Xiqing Li
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
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12
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Baliou S, Adamaki M, Ioannou P, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI, Spandidos DA, Christodoulou I, Kyriakopoulos AM, Zoumpourlis V. Protective role of taurine against oxidative stress (Review). Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:605. [PMID: 34184084 PMCID: PMC8240184 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Taurine is a fundamental mediator of homeostasis that exerts multiple roles to confer protection against oxidant stress. The development of hypertension, muscle/neuro‑associated disorders, hepatic cirrhosis, cardiac dysfunction and ischemia/reperfusion are examples of some injuries that are linked with oxidative stress. The present review gives a comprehensive description of all the underlying mechanisms of taurine, with the aim to explain its anti‑oxidant actions. Taurine is regarded as a cytoprotective molecule due to its ability to sustain normal electron transport chain, maintain glutathione stores, upregulate anti‑oxidant responses, increase membrane stability, eliminate inflammation and prevent calcium accumulation. In parallel, the synergistic effect of taurine with other potential therapeutic modalities in multiple disorders are highlighted. Apart from the results derived from research findings, the current review bridges the gap between bench and bedside, providing mechanistic insights into the biological activity of taurine that supports its potential therapeutic efficacy in clinic. In the future, further clinical studies are required to support the ameliorative effect of taurine against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Baliou
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Adamaki
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Ioannou
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Mihalis I. Panayiotidis
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics and Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2371 Nicosia, Cyprus
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, 2371 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
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13
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Jayanthi S, Daiwile AP, Cadet JL. Neurotoxicity of methamphetamine: Main effects and mechanisms. Exp Neurol 2021; 344:113795. [PMID: 34186102 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is an illicit psychostimulant that is abused throughout the world. METH addiction is also a major public health concern and the abuse of large doses of the drug is often associated with serious neuropsychiatric consequences that may include agitation, anxiety, hallucinations, paranoia, and psychosis. Some human methamphetamine users can also suffer from attention, memory, and executive deficits. METH-associated neurological and psychiatric complications might be related, in part, to METH-induced neurotoxic effects. Those include altered dopaminergic and serotonergic functions, neuronal apoptosis, astrocytosis, and microgliosis. Here we have endeavored to discuss some of the main effects of the drug and have presented the evidence supporting certain of the molecular and cellular bases of METH neurotoxicity. The accumulated evidence suggests the involvement of transcription factors, activation of dealth pathways that emanate from mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and a role for neuroinflammatory mechanisms. Understanding the molecular processes involved in METH induced neurotoxicity should help in developing better therapeutic approaches that might also serve to attenuate or block the biological consequences of use of large doses of the drug by some humans who meet criteria for METH use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramaniam Jayanthi
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States of America
| | - Atul P Daiwile
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States of America
| | - Jean Lud Cadet
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States of America.
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14
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Xing T, Chen X, Li J, Zhang L, Gao F. Dietary taurine attenuates hydrogen peroxide-impaired growth performance and meat quality of broilers via modulating redox status and cell death signaling. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6188374. [PMID: 33765125 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress seriously affects poultry production. Nutritional manipulations have been effectively used to alleviate the negative effects caused by oxidative stress. This study investigated the attenuating effects and potential mechanisms of dietary taurine on the growth performance and meat quality of broiler chickens challenged with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Briefly, a total of 192 male Arbor Acres broilers (28 d old) were randomly categorized into three groups: non-injection of birds on basal diets (control), 10.0% H2O2 injection of birds on basal diets (H2O2), and 10.0% H2O2 injection of birds on basal diets supplemented with 5 g/kg taurine (H2O2 + taurine). Each group consisted of eight cages of eight birds per cage. Results indicated that H2O2 administration significantly reduced growth performance and impaired breast meat quality by decreasing ultimate pH and increasing shear force value (P < 0.05). Dietary taurine improved the body weight gain and feed intake and decreased feed/gain ratio of H2O2-challenged broilers. Meanwhile, oxidative stress induced by intraperitoneal injection of H2O2 suppressed the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling and initiated autophagy and apoptosis. Compared with the H2O2 group, taurine supplementation restored the redox status in the breast muscle by decreasing levels of reactive oxygen species and contents of oxidative products and increasing antioxidant capacity (P < 0.05). Moreover, upregulated mRNA expression of NF-κB signaling-related genes, including NF-κB subunit 1 (p50) and B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and enhanced protein expression of NF-κB were observed in the H2O2 + taurine group (P < 0.05). Additionally, dietary taurine decreased the expression of caspase family, beclin1, and microtubule-associated protein 1light chain 3 beta (LC3-II; P < 0.05), thereby rescuing autophagy and apoptosis in breast muscle induced by H2O2. Collectively, dietary supplementation with taurine effectively improves growth performance and breast meat quality of broilers challenged with H2O2, possibly by protecting against oxidative injury and modulating cell death signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Xiangxing Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China.,Zibo Service Center for Animal Husbandry and Fishery, Zibo 255000, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Jiaolong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
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15
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Huang WL, Hsiung MH, Dai W, Hu SSJ. Rottlerin, BDNF, and the impairment of inhibitory avoidance memory. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:421-439. [PMID: 33146738 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05690-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE As a eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K) inhibitor and a mitochondrial uncoupler, oncologists have extensively studied rottlerin. Neuroscientists, however, have accumulated scarce data on the role of rottlerin in affective and cognitive functions. Only two prior studies have, respectively, documented its antidepressant-like effect and how it impairs psychostimulant-supported memory. Whether or not rottlerin would affect aversive memory remains unknown. Hence, we sought to investigate the effects of rottlerin on aversive memory in the inhibitory avoidance (IA) task in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were trained to acquire the IA task. Rottlerin (5 mg/kg, i.p. or 3 μg bilaterally in the hippocampus) or the vehicle was administered before footshock training (acquisition), after footshock training (consolidation), after the memory reactivation (reconsolidation), and before the test (retrieval) in the IA task. RESULTS Systemic and intrahippocampal rottlerin impaired the acquisition, consolidation, and retrieval of IA memory, without affecting the reconsolidation process. Rottlerin (5 mg/kg, i.p.) induced a fast-onset and long-lasting increase in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein levels in the mouse hippocampus. Systemic injection of 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF, 30 mg/kg), a BDNF tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) agonist impaired IA memory consolidation, and treatment with K252a (5 μg/kg), a Trk receptor antagonist, reversed the suppressing effect of rottlerin on IA memory consolidation. CONCLUSION Rottlerin impairs IA memory consolidation through the enhancement of BDNF signaling in the mouse hippocampus. Excessive brain BDNF levels can be detrimental to cognitive function. Rottlerin is likely to affect the original memory-associated neuroplasticity. Thus, it can be combined with exposure therapy to facilitate the forgetting of maladaptive aversive memory, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ling Huang
- Cannabinoid Signaling Laboratory, Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Heng Hsiung
- Cannabinoid Signaling Laboratory, Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Wen Dai
- Cannabinoid Signaling Laboratory, Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Sherry Shu-Jung Hu
- Cannabinoid Signaling Laboratory, Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
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16
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Hamdami M, Khalifeh S, Jamali-Raeufy N, Nasehi M. The effects of lithium chloride and cathodal/anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on conditional fear memory changes and the level of p-mTOR/mTOR in PFC of male NMRI mice. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:327-337. [PMID: 33219894 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00643-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lithium chloride clinically used to treat mental diseases but it has some side effects like cognitive impairment, memory deficit. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that is able to change neural activity and gene transcription in the brain. The aim of the study is to provide a conceptual theoretical framework based on behavioral and molecular effects of tDCS on memory changes induced by lithium in male mice. we applied Anodal-tDCS and Cathodal-tDCS over the left PFC for 3 consecutive days tDCS for 20 min with 2 mA after injection of different doses of lithium/saline.Trained in fear condition and finally the day after that tested their memory persistency factors (freezing-latency) and other behavior such as grooming and rearing percentage time in the fear conditioning. P-mTOR/mTOR was analyzed using western blotting. The results obtained from the preliminary analysis of behavioral fear memory showed that lithium had destructive effect in higher doses and decreased freezing percentage time. However, both cathodal and anodal tDCS significantly improved memory and increased P-mTOR/mTOR level in the PFC. The results of this study indicate that cathodal and anodal tDCS upon the left prefrontal increased memory and reduced lithium side effects on memory consolidation and altered expression of plasticity-associated genes in the prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Hamdami
- Department of Medical Physiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solmaz Khalifeh
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center, Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nida Jamali-Raeufy
- Department of Medical Physiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Nasehi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center, Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Bai H, Li T, Yu Y, Zhou N, Kou H, Guo Y, Yang L, Yan P. Cytoprotective Effects of Taurine on Heat-Induced Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells In Vitro. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020258. [PMID: 33525569 PMCID: PMC7912084 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is a widely known that heat stress induces a reduction in milk production in cows and impairs their overall health. Studies have shown that taurine protects tissues and organs under heat stress. However, there have yet to be studies showing the functions of taurine in mammary alveolar cells-large T antigen (MAC-T) (a bovine mammary epithelial cell line) cells under heat shock. Therefore, different concentrations of taurine (10 mM, 50 mM, and 100 mM) were tested to determine the effects on heat-induced MAC-T cells. The results showed that taurine protected the cells against heat-induced damage as shown by morphological observations in conjunction with suppressed the translocation and expression of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1). Moreover, taurine not only reversed the decline in antioxidase (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX)) activities but also attenuated the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA). Meanwhile, mitochondrial damage (morphology and complex I activity) resulting from heat exposure was mitigated. Taurine also alleviated the rates of cell apoptosis and markedly depressed the mRNA expressions of BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator (BAX) and caspase3. Furthermore, compared with the heat stress (HS) group, the protein levels of caspase3 and cleaved caspase3 were decreased in all taurine groups. In summary, taurine improves the antioxidant and anti-apoptosis ability of MAC-T cells thereby alleviates damage of cells due to heat insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (H.B.); (T.L.); (Y.Y.); (Y.G.); (L.Y.)
- Ulanqab Animal Husbandry Workstation, Ulanqab 012000, China; (N.Z.); (H.K.)
| | - Tingting Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (H.B.); (T.L.); (Y.Y.); (Y.G.); (L.Y.)
| | - Yan Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (H.B.); (T.L.); (Y.Y.); (Y.G.); (L.Y.)
| | - Ningcong Zhou
- Ulanqab Animal Husbandry Workstation, Ulanqab 012000, China; (N.Z.); (H.K.)
| | - Huijuan Kou
- Ulanqab Animal Husbandry Workstation, Ulanqab 012000, China; (N.Z.); (H.K.)
| | - Yingying Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (H.B.); (T.L.); (Y.Y.); (Y.G.); (L.Y.)
| | - Liang Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (H.B.); (T.L.); (Y.Y.); (Y.G.); (L.Y.)
| | - Peishi Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (H.B.); (T.L.); (Y.Y.); (Y.G.); (L.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13912967680
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18
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Ucha M, Roura-Martínez D, Ambrosio E, Higuera-Matas A. The role of the mTOR pathway in models of drug-induced reward and the behavioural constituents of addiction. J Psychopharmacol 2020; 34:1176-1199. [PMID: 32854585 DOI: 10.1177/0269881120944159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to drugs of abuse induces neuroadaptations in critical nodes of the so-called reward systems that are thought to mediate the transition from controlled drug use to the compulsive drug-seeking that characterizes addictive disorders. These neural adaptations are likely to require protein synthesis, which is regulated, among others, by the mechanistic target of the rapamycin kinase (mTOR) signalling cascade. METHODS We have performed a narrative review of the literature available in PubMed about the involvement of the mTOR pathway in drug-reward and addiction-related phenomena. AIMS The aim of this study was to review the underlying architecture of this complex intracellular network and to discuss the alterations of its components that are evident after exposure to drugs of abuse. The aim was also to delineate the effects that manipulations of the mTOR network have on models of drug reward and on paradigms that recapitulate some of the psychological components of addiction. RESULTS There is evidence for the involvement of the mTOR pathway in the acute and rewarding effects of drugs of abuse, especially psychostimulants. However, the data regarding opiates are scarce. There is a need to use sophisticated animal models of addiction to ascertain the real role of the mTOR pathway in this pathology and not just in drug-mediated reward. The involvement of this pathway in behavioural addictions and impulsivity should also be studied in detail in the future. CONCLUSIONS Although there is a plethora of data about the modulation of mTOR by drugs of abuse, the involvement of this signalling pathway in addictive disorders requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Ucha
- Department of Psychobiology, National University for Distance Learning (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Roura-Martínez
- Department of Psychobiology, National University for Distance Learning (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Ambrosio
- Department of Psychobiology, National University for Distance Learning (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Higuera-Matas
- Department of Psychobiology, National University for Distance Learning (UNED), Madrid, Spain
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19
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Sun Y, Dai S, Tao J, Li Y, He Z, Liu Q, Zhao J, Deng Y, Kang J, Zhang X, Yang S, Liu Y. Taurine suppresses ROS-dependent autophagy via activating Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in calcium oxalate crystals-induced renal tubular epithelial cell injury. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:17353-17366. [PMID: 32931452 PMCID: PMC7521519 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and autophagy are the key promoters of calcium oxalate (CaOx) nephrolithiasis. Taurine is an antioxidant that plays a protective role in the pathogenesis of kidney disease. Previous studies found that taurine suppressed cellular oxidative stress, and inhibited autophagy activation. However, the effect of taurine on CaOx kidney stone formation remains unknown. In the present work, we explored the regulatory effects of taurine on CaOx crystals-induced HK-2 cell injury. Results showed that pretreatment with taurine significantly enhanced the viability of HK-2 cells and ameliorated kidney tissue injury induced by CaOx crystals. Taurine also markedly reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines, apoptosis, and CaOx crystals deposition. Furthermore, we observed that taurine supplementation alleviated CaOx crystals-induced autophagy. Mechanism studies showed that taurine reduced oxidative stress via increasing SOD activity, reducing MDA concentration, alleviating mitochondrial oxidative injury, and decreasing the production of intracellular ROS. Taurine treatment also effectively activated Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in CaOx crystals-induced HK-2 cells both in vitro and in vivo. In summary, the current study shows that taurine inhibits ROS-dependent autophagy via activating Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in CaOx crystals-induced HK-2 cell and kidney injury, suggesting that taurine may serve as an effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of CaOx nephrolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shiting Dai
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jin Tao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yunlong Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ziqi He
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiawen Zhao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yaoliang Deng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Juening Kang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xuepei Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sixing Yang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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20
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Subu R, Jayanthi S, Cadet JL. Compulsive methamphetamine taking induces autophagic and apoptotic markers in the rat dorsal striatum. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:3515-3526. [PMID: 32676729 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02844-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) use disorder (MUD) is often accompanied by psychotic symptoms, cognitive deficits, and pathological changes in the brains of users. Animals that experimenters injected with drugs also show neurodegenerative changes in their brains. Recently, we have been investigating METH-induced molecular and biochemical consequences in animals that had infused themselves with METH using the drug self-administration (SA) paradigm. In that model, footshocks administered contingently help to separate rats that had already escalated their METH intake into resilient-to-drug (shock-sensitive, SS) or compulsive (shock-resistant, SR) METH takers. Herein, we used that model to test the idea that compulsive METH takers might show evidence of drug-induced autophagic changes in their brains. There were significant increases in mRNA levels of autophagy-related genes including Atg2a, Atg5, Atg14, and Atg16L1 in the rat dorsal striatum. Levels of two autophagy biomarkers, autophagy activating kinase (ULK1) and phospho-Beclin1, were also increased. In addition, we found increased p53 but decreased Bcl-2 protein levels. Moreover, the expression of cleaved initiator caspase-9 and effector caspase-6 was higher in compulsive METH takers in comparison to shock-sensitive rats. When taken together, these results suggest that the striata of rats that had escalated and continue to take METH compulsively the presence of adverse consequences exhibit some pathological changes similar to those reported in post-mortem human striatal tissues. These results provide supporting evidence that compulsive METH taking is neurotoxic. Our observations also support the notion of developing neuro-regenerative agents to add to the therapeutic armamentarium against METH addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Subu
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, DHHS/NIH/NIDA Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Subramaniam Jayanthi
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, DHHS/NIH/NIDA Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Jean Lud Cadet
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, DHHS/NIH/NIDA Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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21
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Baliou S, Kyriakopoulos AM, Goulielmaki M, Panayiotidis MI, Spandidos DA, Zoumpourlis V. Significance of taurine transporter (TauT) in homeostasis and its layers of regulation (Review). Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:2163-2173. [PMID: 32705197 PMCID: PMC7411481 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Taurine (2‑aminoethanesulfonic acid) contributes to homeostasis, mainly through its antioxidant and osmoregulatory properties. Taurine's influx and efflux are mainly mediated through the ubiquitous expression of the sodium/chloride‑dependent taurine transporter, located on the plasma membrane. The significance of the taurine transporter has been shown in various organ malfunctions in taurine‑transporter‑null mice. The taurine transporter differentially responds to various cellular stimuli including ionic environment, electrochemical charge, and pH changes. The renal system has been used as a model to evaluate the factors that significantly determine the regulation of taurine transporter regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Baliou
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Michalis I Panayiotidis
- Department of Electron Microscopy and Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2371 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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22
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Taurine attenuates liver autophagy and injury of offspring in gestational diabetic mellitus rats. Life Sci 2020; 257:117889. [PMID: 32502541 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has many adverse effects on offspring, such as abnormal glycolipid metabolism, obesity, insulin resistance, mental retardation, schizophrenia and so on. METHODS We established a GDM rat model by injecting 1% streptozotocin associated with a high-fat diet one week before pregnancy, and offspring rats were sacrificed at 8 weeks of age to obtain liver tissue for study. We used hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining to observe liver morphological changes, Tunel staining for hepatocyte apoptosis, transmission electron microscope for liver ultrastructure, and western blot for protein expression in liver tissue. RESULTS Compared with normal offspring rats, hepatocytes of GDM offspring rats showed obvious edema, liver organ index increased, and hepatocyte apoptosis and autophagosome in the liver were significantly increased; Bax, cleaved-caspase3/caspase3, LCII, Beclin 1, P-IKBα/IKBα and P-p65/p6 protein expression in the liver were significantly increased; Bcl2, p62 and PPARγ protein expression in the liver were significantly decreased. Tau prevented the GDM-related effects in the offspring: Tau decreased hepatocyte edema (or even disappears), liver organ index, hepatocyte apoptosis and the number of autophagosomes in the liver. In addition, Tau also decreased Bax, cleaved-caspase3/caspase3, LCII, Beclin 1, P-IKBα/IKBα and P-p65/p6 protein expression, and increased Bcl2, p62 and PPARγ protein expression in the liver of GDM offspring rats. CONCLUSION Taurine should be considered as a potential gestational nutritional supplement to prevent liver damage in GDM offspring.
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Survivin as a Target for Anti-cancer Phytochemicals According to the Molecular Docking Analysis. Int J Pept Res Ther 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-019-09914-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Yang GM, Li L, Xue FL, Ma CL, Zeng XF, Zhao YN, Zhang DX, Yu Y, Yan QW, Zhou YQ, Hong SJ, Li LH. The Potential Role of PKA/CREB Signaling Pathway Concerned with Gastrodin Administration on Methamphetamine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference Rats and SH-SY5Y Cell Line. Neurotox Res 2020; 37:926-935. [PMID: 31900897 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00150-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of gastrodin (GAS) on methamphetamine (MA)-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in rats and explore its potential mechanisms. MA (10 mg/kg) was initially injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) in rats, after which they were administered either MA or saline alternately from day 4 to 13 (D4-13) for 10 days, followed by treatment with GAS (10 or 20 mg/kg, i.p.) on D15-21 for 7 days. The rats underwent CPP testing after MA and GAS treatment. In vitro, SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to MA (2.0 mM) for 24 h, followed by treatment with GAS (2.0 or 4.0 mM) for 24 h. The expression levels of PKA, P-PKA, CREB, and P-CREB proteins in the prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, and ventral tegmental area of MA-induced CPP rats and in SH-SY5Y cells were detected by Western blot analysis. The MA-induced CPP rat model was successfully established. The administration of MA stimulated a significant alteration in behavior, as measured by the CPP protocol. After treatment with GAS, the amount of time rats spent in the MA-paired chamber was significantly reduced. Results also showed that MA increased the expression levels of PKA, P-PKA, CREB, and p-CREB proteins in the prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, and ventral tegmental area of CPP rats and in SH-SY5Y cells (p < 0.05). GAS attenuated the effect of MA-induced CPP in rats and decreased the expression levels of proteins in vivo and in vitro. Our study suggests that GAS can attenuate the effects of MA-induced CPP in rats by regulating the PKA/CREB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen-Meng Yang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng-Lin Xue
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Chen-Li Ma
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zeng
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yong-Na Zhao
- International Education School, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Dong-Xian Zhang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Qian-Wen Yan
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yi-Qing Zhou
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Shi-Jun Hong
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Li-Hua Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
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Gong L, Xu H, Zhang X, Zhang T, Shi J, Chang H. Oridonin relieves hypoxia-evoked apoptosis and autophagy via modulating microRNA-214 in H9c2 cells. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:2585-2592. [PMID: 31220945 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1628037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Oridonin (Orid) has been diffusely applied to remedy dissimilar cancers. Howbeit, the influence of Orid in ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains imprecise. The current study uncovered the functions of Orid in hypoxia-caused apoptosis and autophagy in H9c2 cells. H9c2 cells received hypoxia and Orid manipulation, cell viability, apoptosis, apoptosis-interrelated factors and autophagy-correlative factors were appraised. After the extraordinary vectors transfections, the impacts of miR-214 inhibition on hypoxia-triggered apoptosis and autophagy were investigated. Further, dual luciferase reporter assay was enforced for ascertaining the pertinence between miR-214 and PTEN. PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was finally determined using western blot. We found that, Orid significantly alleviated hypoxia-induced apoptosis and autophagy through regulation their associated proteins in H9c2 cells. Up-regulation of miR-214 was found in hypoxia and Orid co-managed cells, meanwhile, repression of miR-214 obviously annulled the modulatory functions of Orid in hypoxia-evoked apoptosis and autophagy. Additionally, PTEN was forecasted to be a firsthand target of miR-214. Besides, we observed that Orid evoked PI3K/AKT/mTOR activation through elevation of miR-214 in hypoxia-managed H9c2 cells. In conclusion, the amusing results corroborated that Orid relieved hypoxia-caused apoptosis and autophagy via adjusting PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway through enhancement of miR-214 in H9c2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licheng Gong
- a Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Haiming Xu
- a Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- b Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Tao Zhang
- b Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Jingwei Shi
- c Department of Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Hong Chang
- a Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , China
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Foroughi K, Jahanbani S, Khaksari M, Shayannia A. Obestatin attenuated methamphetamine-induced PC12 cells neurotoxicity via inhibiting autophagy and apoptosis. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 39:301-310. [PMID: 31726888 DOI: 10.1177/0960327119886036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is an illicit dopaminergic neurotoxin and is an extremely addictive psychostimulant drug that influences monoamine neurotransmitter system of the brain and is responsible for enhancing energy and satisfaction and feelings of alertness. Long-lasting exposure to METH causes psychosis and increases the risk of Parkinson's disease. Studies have revealed that obestatin (OB) is a novel endogenous ligand, which may have neuroprotective effects. Hence, we hypothesized that OB might appropriately limit METH-induced neurotoxicity via the control of apoptotis and autophagy. In the current study, PC12 cells were exposed to both METH (0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 mmol/L) and pretreatment OB (1, 10, 100, and 200 nmol/L) in vitro for 24 h to determine appropriate dose, and then downstream pathways were measured to investigate apoptosis and autophagy. The results have shown that OB reduced the apoptotic response post-METH exposure in PC12 cells by developing cell viability and diminishing apoptotic rates. Furthermore, the study has exhibited OB decreased gene expression of Beclin-1 by real-time polymerase chain reaction and LC3-II by Western blotting in METH-induced PC12 cells, which demonstrated that autophagy is reduced. The study is proposed that OB is useful in reducing oxidative stress, which may also play an essential role in the regulation of METH-triggered apoptotic response. So these data indicate that OB could potentially alleviate METH-induced neurotoxicity via the reduction of apoptotic and autophagy responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Foroughi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - S Jahanbani
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - M Khaksari
- Addiction Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - A Shayannia
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
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Tehrani AM, Boroujeni ME, Aliaghaei A, Feizi MAH, Safaralizadeh R. Methamphetamine induces neurotoxicity-associated pathways and stereological changes in prefrontal cortex. Neurosci Lett 2019; 712:134478. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Foroughi K, Khaksari M, Rahmati M, Bitaraf FS, Shayannia A. Apelin-13 Protects PC12 Cells Against Methamphetamine-Induced Oxidative Stress, Autophagy and Apoptosis. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:2103-2112. [PMID: 31385138 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02847-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a potent psychomotor stimulant that has a high potential for abuse in humans. In addition, it is neurotoxic, especially in dopaminergic neurons. Long-lasting exposure to METH causes psychosis and increases the risk of Parkinson's disease. Apelin-13 is a novel endogenous ligand which studies have shown that may have a neuroprotective effect. Therefore, we hypothesized that Apelin-13 might adequately prevent METH-induced neurotoxicity via the inhibition of apoptotic, autophagy, and ROS responses. In this study, PC12 cells were exposed to both METH (0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 mmol/L) and Apelin-13 (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0 μmol/L) in vitro for 24 h to measure determined dose, and then downstream pathways were measured to investigate apoptosis, autophagy, and ROS responses. The results have indicated that Apelin-13 decreased the apoptotic response post-METH exposure in PC12 cells by increasing cell viability, reducing apoptotic rates. In addition, the study has revealed Apelin-13 decreased gene expression of Beclin-1 by Real-Time PCR and LC3-II by western blotting in METH-induced PC12 cells, which demonstrated autophagy is reduced. In addition, this study has shown that Apelin-13 reduces intracellular ROS of METH-induced PC12 cells. These results support Apelin-13 to be investigated as a potential drug for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. It is suggested that Apelin-13 is beneficial in reducing oxidative stress, which may also play an important role in the regulation of METH-triggered apoptotic response. Hence, these data indicate that Apelin-13 could potentially alleviate METH-induced neurotoxicity via the reduction of oxidative damages, apoptotic, and autophagy cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobra Foroughi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khaksari
- Addiction Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Majid Rahmati
- Cancer Prevention Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Fateme Sadat Bitaraf
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Asghar Shayannia
- Bahar Center for Education, Research and Treatment, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
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Identification of cytotoxic markers in methamphetamine treated rat C6 astroglia-like cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9412. [PMID: 31253835 PMCID: PMC6599005 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45845-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a powerfully addictive psychostimulant that has a pronounced effect on the central nervous system (CNS). The present study aimed to assess METH toxicity in differentiated C6 astroglia-like cells through biochemical and toxicity markers with acute (1 h) and chronic (48 h) treatments. In the absence of external stimulants, cellular differentiation of neuronal morphology was achieved through reduced serum (2.5%) in the medium. The cells displayed branched neurite-like processes with extensive intercellular connections. Results indicated that acute METH treatment neither altered the cell morphology nor killed the cells, which echoed with lack of consequence on reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) or inhibition of any cell cycle phases except induction of cytoplasmic vacuoles. On the other hand, chronic treatment at 1 mM or above destroyed the neurite-like processors and decreased the cell viability that paralleled with increased levels of ROS, lipid peroxidation and lactate, depletion in glutathione (GSH) level and inhibition at G0/G1 phase of cell cycle, leading to apoptosis. Pre-treatment of cells with N-acetyl cysteine (NAC, 2.5 mM for 1 h) followed by METH co-treatment for 48 h rescued the cells completely from toxicity by decreasing ROS through increased GSH. Our results provide evidence that increased ROS and GSH depletion underlie the cytotoxic effects of METH in the cells. Since loss in neurite connections and intracellular changes can lead to psychiatric illnesses in drug users, the evidence that we show in our study suggests that these are also contributing factors for psychiatric-illnesses in METH addicts.
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Chen L, Chao Y, Cheng P, Li N, Zheng H, Yang Y. UPLC-QTOF/MS-Based Metabolomics Reveals the Protective Mechanism of Hydrogen on Mice with Ischemic Stroke. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:1950-1963. [PMID: 31236794 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02829-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As a reductive gas, hydrogen plays an antioxidant role by selectively scavenging oxygen free radicals. It has been reported that hydrogen has protective effects against nerve damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion in stroke, but the specific mechanism is still unclear. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the protective effects of hydrogen on stroke-induced ischemia-reperfusion injury and its detailed mechanism. Two weeks after the inhalation of high concentrations (66.7%) of hydrogen, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was induced in mice using the thread occlusion technique to establish an animal model of the focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Then, a metabolomics analysis of mouse cerebral cortex tissues was first performed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) to study the metabolic changes and protective mechanisms of hydrogen on stroke ischemia-reperfusion injury. According to the metabolomic profiling of cortex tissues, 29 different endogenous metabolites were screened, including palmitoyl-L-carnitine, citric acid, glutathione, taurine, acetyl-L-carnitine, N-acetylaspartylglutamic acid (NAAG), L-aspartic acid, lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC) and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE). Through pathway analysis, the metabolic pathways were concentrate on the glutathione pathway and the taurine pathway, mitochondrial energy metabolism and phospholipid metabolism that related to the oxidative stress process. This result reveals that hydrogen may protect against ischemic stroke by reducing oxidative stress during ischemia-reperfusion, thereby protecting nerve cells from reactive oxygen species(ROS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilin Chen
- College of Basic Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufan Chao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengchao Cheng
- College of Basic Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongnan Zheng
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yajuan Yang
- Department of Nursing, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China.
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Jakaria M, Azam S, Haque ME, Jo SH, Uddin MS, Kim IS, Choi DK. Taurine and its analogs in neurological disorders: Focus on therapeutic potential and molecular mechanisms. Redox Biol 2019; 24:101223. [PMID: 31141786 PMCID: PMC6536745 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Taurine is a sulfur-containing amino acid and known as semi-essential in mammals and is produced chiefly by the liver and kidney. It presents in different organs, including retina, brain, heart and placenta and demonstrates extensive physiological activities within the body. In the several disease models, it attenuates inflammation- and oxidative stress-mediated injuries. Taurine also modulates ER stress, Ca2+ homeostasis and neuronal activity at the molecular level as part of its broader roles. Different cellular processes such as energy metabolism, gene expression, osmosis and quality control of protein are regulated by taurine. In addition, taurine displays potential ameliorating effects against different neurological disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, epilepsy and diabetic neuropathy and protects against injuries and toxicities of the nervous system. Several findings demonstrate its therapeutic role against neurodevelopmental disorders, including Angelman syndrome, Fragile X syndrome, sleep-wake disorders, neural tube defects and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Considering current biopharmaceutical limitations, developing novel delivery approaches and new derivatives and precursors of taurine may be an attractive option for treating neurological disorders. Herein, we present an overview on the therapeutic potential of taurine against neurological disorders and highlight clinical studies and its molecular mechanistic roles. This article also addresses the neuropharmacological potential of taurine analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Jakaria
- Department of Applied Life Sciences and Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Shofiul Azam
- Department of Applied Life Sciences and Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Md Ezazul Haque
- Department of Applied Life Sciences and Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Song-Hee Jo
- Department of Applied Life Sciences and Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - In-Su Kim
- Department of Applied Life Sciences and Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea; Department of Integrated Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, and Research Institute of Inflammatory Diseases (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Applied Life Sciences and Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea; Department of Integrated Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, and Research Institute of Inflammatory Diseases (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea.
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Huang E, Huang H, Guan T, Liu C, Qu D, Xu Y, Yang J, Yan L, Xiong Y, Liang T, Wang Q, Chen L. Involvement of C/EBPβ-related signaling pathway in methamphetamine-induced neuronal autophagy and apoptosis. Toxicol Lett 2019; 312:11-21. [PMID: 31059759 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a widely abused illicit psychoactive drug. Our previous study has shown that CCAAT-enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) is an important regulator in METH-induced neuronal autophagy and apoptosis. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying this process remain poorly understood. Previous studies have demonstrated that DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 (DDIT4), Trib3 (tribbles pseudo kinase 3), alpha-synuclein (α-syn) are involved in METH-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity. We hypothesized that C/EBPβ is involved in METH-induced DDIT4-mediated neuronal autophagy and Trib3-mediated neuronal apoptosis. We tested our hypothesis by examining the effects of silencing C/EBPβ, DDIT4, Trib3 or α-syn with small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) on METH-induced autophagy and apoptosis in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. We also measured the levels of phosphorylated tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) protein and Parkin protein level in SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated the effect of silencing C/EBPβ on METH-caused neurotoxicity in the striatum of rats by injecting LV-shC/EBPβ lentivirus using a stereotaxic positioning system. The results showed that METH exposure increased C/EBPβ, DDIT4 protein expression. Elevated DDIT4 expression raised up p-TSC2/TSC2 protein expression ratio, inhibited mTOR signaling pathway, activating cell autophagy. We also found that METH exposure increased the expression of Trib3, α-syn, decreased the Parkin protein expression. Lowering levels of Parkin raised up α-syn expression, which initiated mitochondrial apoptosis by down-regulating anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, followed by up-regulation of pro-apoptotic Bax, resulting in translocation of cytochrome c (cyto c), an apoptogenic factor, from the mitochondria to cytoplasm and activation of caspase-dependent pathways. These findings were supported by data showing METH-induced autophagy and apoptosis was significantly inhibited by silencing C/EBPβ, DDIT4, Trib3 or α-syn, or by Parkin over-expression. Based on the present data, a novel of mechanism on METH-induced cell toxicity is proposed, METH exposure increased C/EBPβ protein expression, triggered DDIT4/TSC2/mTOR signaling pathway, and evoked Trib3/Parkin/α-syn-related mitochondrial apoptotic signaling pathway. Collectively, these results suggest that C/EBPβ plays an important role in METH-triggered autophagy and apoptosis and it may be a potential target for therapeutics in METH-caused neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enping Huang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Huang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianshan Guan
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Liu
- Guangzhou Forensic Science Institute, Guangzhou 510030, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Qu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Xu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Yang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yan
- School of Basic Medicine Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Yahui Xiong
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The First Clinical Medicine School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Liang
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The First Clinical Medicine School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ling Chen
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China.
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Scicchitano BM, Sica G. The Beneficial Effects of Taurine to Counteract Sarcopenia. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 19:673-680. [PMID: 27875962 PMCID: PMC6040170 DOI: 10.2174/1389203718666161122113609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a multifactorial process characterized by several features including low-grade inflammation, increased oxidative stress and reduced regenerative capacity, which ultimately lead to alteration in morpho-functional properties of skeletal muscle, thus promoting sarcopenia. This condition is characterized by a gradual loss of muscle mass due to an unbalance between protein synthesis and degradation, finally conveying in functional decline and disability. The development of specific therapeutic approaches able to block or reverse this condition may represent an invaluable tool for the promotion of a healthy aging among elderly people. It is well established that changes in the quantity and the quality of dietary proteins, as well as the intake of specific amino acids, are able to counteract some of the physiopathological processes related to the progression of the loss of muscle mass and may have beneficial effects in improving the anabolic response of muscle in the elderly. Taurine is a non-essential amino acid expressed in high concentration in several mammalian tissues and particularly in skeletal muscle where it is involved in the modulation of intracellular calcium concentration and ion channel regulation and where it also acts as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory factor. The aim of this review is to summarize the pleiotropic effects of taurine on specific muscle targets and to discuss its role in regulating signaling pathways involved in the maintenance of muscle homeostasis. We also highlight the potential use of taurine as a therapeutic molecule for the amelioration of skeletal muscle function and performance severely compromised during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Maria Scicchitano
- Istituto di Istologia ed Embriologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Largo Francesco Vito 1-00168, Roma, Italy
| | - Gigliola Sica
- Istituto di Istologia ed Embriologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Largo Francesco Vito 1-00168, Roma, Italy
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Liu HQ, An YW, Hu AZ, Li MH, Wu JL, Liu L, Shi Y, Cui GH, Chen Y. Critical Roles of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR Signaling Pathway in Apoptosis and Autophagy of Astrocytes Induced by Methamphetamine. OPEN CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2019-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractThis study aimed to reveal potential roles of the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in apoptosis and autophagy of astrocytes induced by methamphetamine (METH). A Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to determine the reduction in proliferation of U-118 MG cells induced by METH. Hoechst 33258 and flow cytometry were used to observe the astrocytes. Western blot analysis was performed to evaluate protein expression and phosphorylation levels. METH inhibited the proliferation of U-118 MG cells and induced apoptosis and autophagy. Western blot analysis showed that the ratio of LC3-II/I was increased, whereas the expression of Bcl-2 was decreased. The phosphorylation cascade of kinases in the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway was significantly inhibited by METH exposure, as were proteins downstream of mTORC1, such as p70s6k, rps6, 4EBP1 and eIF4E. METH inhibited proliferation of U-118 MG cells and induced apoptosis and autophagy. The PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway likely plays a critical role in these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Qing Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Drug Addiction and Medication Safety, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University–The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, China, 518036
| | - Ya-Wen An
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, China, 518055
| | - A-Zhen Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Drug Addiction and Medication Safety, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University–The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, China, 518036
| | - Ming-Hua Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Drug Addiction and Medication Safety, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University–The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, China, 518036
| | - Jue-Lian Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Drug Addiction and Medication Safety, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University–The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, China, 518036
| | - Li Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Drug Addiction and Medication Safety, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University–The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, China, 518036
| | - Yu Shi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Drug Addiction and Medication Safety, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University–The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, China, 518036
| | - Guang-Hui Cui
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Drug Addiction and Medication Safety, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University–The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, China, 518036
| | - Yun Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Drug Addiction and Medication Safety, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University–The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, China, 518036
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Yu M, Wang Y, Wang Z, Liu Y, Yu Y, Gao X. Taurine Promotes Milk Synthesis via the GPR87-PI3K-SETD1A Signaling in BMECs. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:1927-1936. [PMID: 30678459 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Taurine, a β-aminosulfonic acid, exerts many cellular physiological functions. It is still unknown whether taurine can regulate milk synthesis in the mammary gland. Therefore, in this study we investigated the effects and mechanism of taurine on milk synthesis in mammary epithelial cells (MECs). Bovine MECs (BMECs) cultured in FBS-free OPTI-MEMImedium were treated with taurine (0, 0.08, 0.16, 0.24, 0.32, and 0.4 mM). Taurine treatment led to increased milk protein and fat synthesis, mTOR phosphorylation, and SREBP-1c protein expression, in a dose-dependent manner, with an apparent maximum at 0.24 mM. Gene function study approaches revealed that the GPR87-PI3K-SETD1A signaling was required for taurine to increase the mTOR and SREBP-1c mRNA levels. Taurine stimulated GPR87 expression and cell membrane localization in a dose dependent manner, suggesting a sensing mechanism of GPR87 to extracellular taurine. Collectively, these data demonstrate that taurine promotes milk synthesis via the GPR87-PI3K-SETD1A signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Yu
- Agricultural College of Guangdong Ocean University , Zhanjiang , 524088 , China
| | - Yang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , 150030 , China
| | - Zhe Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , 150030 , China
| | - Yanxu Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , 150030 , China
| | - Yang Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , 150030 , China
| | - Xuejun Gao
- Agricultural College of Guangdong Ocean University , Zhanjiang , 524088 , China
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Xu J, Zhang Z, Liu R, Sun Y, Liu H, Nie Z, Zhao X, Pu X. Function of complement factor H and imaging of small molecules by MALDI-MSI in a methamphetamine behavioral sensitization model. Behav Brain Res 2019; 364:233-244. [PMID: 30731099 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND At present, the harm of new-type drug, methamphetamine (METH), has gradually exceeded that of the traditional opioid drugs, and METH abuse has become a serious public health and social problem. In our previous study, complement factor H (CFH) was found to be upregulated in the sera of METH-addicted patients and rats and in certain brain regions in the rats. METHODS We used ELISA and immunofluorescence to confirm the changes in CFH in the serum and hippocampus of a METH behavioral sensitization mouse model, and C1q expression was also detected by immunofluorescence in the hippocampus. We aimed to elucidate the involvement of CFH and C1q in the mechanism of METH addiction. We also detected the distribution of various small molecules by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) in select brain regions: the nucleus accumbens, the hippocampus and the ventral tegmental area. RESULTS The expression of CFH was upregulated in the serum and hippocampus of METH behavioral sensitization model mice, consistent with our previous research on conditioned place preference rats. In contrast, C1q decreased dramatically in the mossy fibers of the hippocampus. The results of small-molecule imaging by MALDI-MSI showed that the levels of K+, antioxidants, neurotransmitters, and ATP metabolism-related molecules were altered in different regions. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate the involvement of the complement system in the mechanism of METH addiction and validate the presence of oxidative stress, energy metabolism changes during addiction. This suggests the utility of further investigation into the above aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhilin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Runzhe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huihui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zongxiu Nie
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Beijing Center for Mass Spectrometry, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoping Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Segat HJ, Metz VG, Rosa HZ, Dias VT, Barcelos RC, Dolci GS, Burger ME. Substitution therapy with amphetamine-isotherapic attenuates amphetamine toxicological aspects of addiction. Neurosci Lett 2019; 690:138-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Li K, Inam-u-llah, Shi X, Zhang M, Wu P, Li S, Suleman R, Nisar A, Piao F. Anti-apoptotic Effect of Taurine on Schwann Cells Exposed to High Glucose In Vitro. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1155:787-799. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8023-5_68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Liu Z, Xia Y, Zhang X, Liu L, Tu S, Zhu W, Yu L, Wan H, Yu B, Wan F. Roles of the MST1-JNK signaling pathway in apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells induced by Taurine. Libyan J Med 2018; 13:1500346. [PMID: 30035680 PMCID: PMC6060381 DOI: 10.1080/19932820.2018.1500346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to observe the impact of the mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (MST1-JNK) signaling pathway on apoptosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells induced by Taurine (Tau). Caco-2 and SW620 cells transfected with p-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-MST1 or short interfering RNA (siRNA)-MST1 were treated with Tau for 48 h. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, and the levels of MST1 and JNK were detected by western blotting. Compared with the control group, 80 mM Tau could significantly induce apoptosis of CRC cells, and the apoptotic rate increased with increasing Tau concentration (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, the protein levels of MST1 and phosphorylated (p)-JNK in Caco-2 cells increased significantly (P < 0.01). The apoptotic rate of the p-EGFP-MST1 plasmid-transfected cancer cells was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05); however, the apoptotic rate of the p-EGFP-MST1+Tau group was increased further (P < 0.01). Silencing the MST1 gene could decrease the apoptotic rate of cancer cells, and Tau treatment could reverse this decrease. Blocking the JNK signaling pathway significantly reduced the Tau-induced apoptotic rate of CRC cells. Thus, the MST1-JNK pathway plays an important role in Tau-induced apoptosis of CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoqi Liu
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University , Nanchang China
| | - Yanqin Xia
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University , Nanchang China
| | - Xiali Zhang
- b Laboratory Animal Science Center , Nanchang University , Nanchang , China
| | - Liqiao Liu
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University , Nanchang China
| | - Shuo Tu
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University , Nanchang China
| | - Weifeng Zhu
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University , Nanchang China
| | - Lehan Yu
- c Medical Experiment Teaching Center , Nanchang University , Nanchang , China
| | - Huifang Wan
- c Medical Experiment Teaching Center , Nanchang University , Nanchang , China
| | - Bo Yu
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University , Nanchang China
| | - Fusheng Wan
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University , Nanchang China
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Li J, Wang W, Tong P, Leung CK, Yang G, Li Z, Li N, Sun X, Han Y, Lu C, Kuang D, Dai J, Zeng X. Autophagy Induction by HIV-Tat and Methamphetamine in Primary Midbrain Neuronal Cells of Tree Shrews via the mTOR Signaling and ATG5/ATG7 Pathway. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:921. [PMID: 30574066 PMCID: PMC6291520 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Addictive stimulant drugs, such as methamphetamine (METH), increase the risk of exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection and thus predispose individuals to the development of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HANDs). Previous studies have indicated that HIV-Tat (the transactivator of transcription) and METH can synergistically induce autophagy in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and that autophagy plays a pivotal role in the neuronal dysfunction in HANDs. However, the underlying mechanism of METH-and HIV-Tat-induced neuronal autophagy remains unclear. Methods: We cultured primary midbrain neuronal cells of tree shrews and treated them with METH and HIV-Tat to study the role of METH and HIV-Tat in inducing autophagy. We evaluated the effects of the single or combined treatment of METH and HIV-Tat on the protein expressions of the autophagy-related genes, including Beclin-1 and LC3B, ATG5, and ATG7 in METH and HIV-Tat-induced autophagy. In addition, the presence of autophagosomes in the METH and/or HIV-Tat treatment was revealed using transmission electron microscopy. Results: The results indicated that METH increased the protein levels of LC3B and Beclin-1, and these effects were significantly enhanced by HIV-Tat. Moreover, the results suggested that ATG5 and ATG7 were involved in the METH and HIV-Tat-induced autophagy. In addition, it was found that mTOR inhibition via pharmacological intervention could trigger autophagy and promote METH and HIV-Tat-induced autophagy. Discussion: Overall, this study contributes to the knowledge of the molecular underpinnings of METH and HIV-Tat-induced autophagy in primary midbrain neuronal cells. Our findings may facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies for METH-and HIV-Tat-induced autophagy in HANDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, The Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wenguang Wang
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, The Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Pinfen Tong
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, The Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Chi-Kwan Leung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Chinese University of Hong Kong - Shandong University (CUHK-SDU) Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Genmeng Yang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Na Li
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, The Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaomei Sun
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, The Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Yuanyuan Han
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, The Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Caixia Lu
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, The Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Dexuan Kuang
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, The Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Jiejie Dai
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, The Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zeng
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Zhai N, Wang H, Chen Y, Li H, Viktor K, Huang K, Chen X. Taurine attenuates OTA-promoted PCV2 replication through blocking ROS-dependent autophagy via inhibiting AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 296:220-228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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mTOR Modulates Methamphetamine-Induced Toxicity through Cell Clearing Systems. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:6124745. [PMID: 30647813 PMCID: PMC6311854 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6124745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is abused worldwide, and it represents a threat for public health. METH exposure induces a variety of detrimental effects. In fact, METH produces a number of oxidative species, which lead to lipid peroxidation, protein misfolding, and nuclear damage. Cell clearing pathways such as ubiquitin-proteasome (UP) and autophagy (ATG) are involved in METH-induced oxidative damage. Although these pathways were traditionally considered to operate as separate metabolic systems, recent studies demonstrate their interconnection at the functional and biochemical level. Very recently, the convergence between UP and ATG was evidenced within a single organelle named autophagoproteasome (APP), which is suppressed by mTOR activation. In the present research study, the occurrence of APP during METH toxicity was analyzed. In fact, coimmunoprecipitation indicates a binding between LC3 and P20S particles, which also recruit p62 and alpha-synuclein. The amount of METH-induced toxicity correlates with APP levels. Specific markers for ATG and UP, such as LC3 and P20S in the cytosol, and within METH-induced vacuoles, were measured at different doses and time intervals following METH administration either alone or combined with mTOR modulators. Western blotting, coimmunoprecipitation, light microscopy, confocal microscopy, plain transmission electron microscopy, and immunogold staining were used to document the effects of mTOR modulation on METH toxicity and the merging of UP with ATG markers within APPs. METH-induced cell death is prevented by mTOR inhibition, while it is worsened by mTOR activation, which correlates with the amount of autophagoproteasomes. The present data, which apply to METH toxicity, are also relevant to provide a novel insight into cell clearing pathways to counteract several kinds of oxidative damage.
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Piao F, Zhang Y, Yang L, Zhang C, Shao J, Liu X, Li Y, Li S. Taurine Attenuates As 2O 3-Induced Autophagy in Cerebrum of Mouse Through Nrf2 Pathway. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 975 Pt 2:863-870. [PMID: 28849506 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-1079-2_68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that the impairment of cerebrum may relate with neurotoxicity induced by arsenic (As) exposure. In the present study, we investigated whether autophagy of the cerebrum neurons were responsible for As-induced neurotoxicity and the protective role of taurine (Tau). Forty mice were randomly divided into control group, Tau control group, As exposure group and Tau protection group. The results showed that LC3 II expression was elevated and P62 expression was lower after As exposure, whereas the effects were obviously attenuated by Tau treatment. More important, As induced increase of MDA level and decrease of Nrf2 expression were significantly inversed in protective group. In sum, autophagy inhibition might play a strong role in the neuroprotection of Tau in As-induced toxicity via Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyuan Piao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Xunyi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xunyi, China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Dalian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dalian, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Shao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yachen Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuangyue Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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Manthari RK, Tikka C, Ommati MM, Niu R, Sun Z, Wang J, Zhang J, Wang J. Arsenic-Induced Autophagy in the Developing Mouse Cerebellum: Involvement of the Blood-Brain Barrier's Tight-Junction Proteins and the PI3K-Akt-mTOR Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:8602-8614. [PMID: 30032600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to determine whether the tight-junction (TJ) proteins of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway are involved during arsenic (As)-induced autophagy in developing mouse cerebella after exposure to different As concentrations (0, 0.15, 1.5, and 15 mg/L As(III)) during gestational and lactational periods. The dosage was continually given to the pups until postnatal day (PND) 42. Studies conducted at different developmental age points, like PND21, 28, 35, and 42, showed that exposure to As led to a significant decrease in the mRNA-expression levels of TJ proteins (occludin, claudin, ZO-1, and ZO-2), PI3K, Akt, mTOR, and p62, with concomitant increases in Beclin1, LC3I, LC3II, Atg5, and Atg12. Also, As significantly downregulated occludin and mTOR protein-expression levels with concomitant upregulation of Beclin1, LC3, and Atg12 at all the developmental age points. However, no significant alterations were observed in low- and medium-dose-exposed groups at PND42. Histopathological analysis revealed the irregular arrangement of the Purkinje cell layer in the As-exposed mice. Ultrastructural analysis by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the occurrence of autophagosomes and vacuolated axons in the cerebella of the mice exposed to high doses of As at PND21 and 42, respectively. Finally, we conclude that developmental As exposure significantly alters TJ proteins, resulting an increase in BBB permeability, facilitating the ability of As to cross the BBB and induce autophagy, which might be partly the result of inhibition of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway, in an age-dependent manner (i.e., PND21 mice were found to be more vulnerable to As-induced neurotoxicity), which could be due to the immature BBB allowing As to cross through it. However, the effect was not significant in PND42, which could be due to the developed BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Kumar Manthari
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , Shanxi 030801 , China
| | - Chiranjeevi Tikka
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , Shanxi 030801 , China
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , Shanxi 030801 , China
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture , Shiraz University , Shiraz 71441-65186 , Iran
| | - Ruiyan Niu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , Shanxi 030801 , China
| | - Zilong Sun
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , Shanxi 030801 , China
| | - Jinming Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , Shanxi 030801 , China
| | - Jianhai Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , Shanxi 030801 , China
| | - Jundong Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , Shanxi 030801 , China
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Schaffer S, Kim HW. Effects and Mechanisms of Taurine as a Therapeutic Agent. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2018; 26:225-241. [PMID: 29631391 PMCID: PMC5933890 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2017.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Taurine is an abundant, β-amino acid with diverse cytoprotective activity. In some species, taurine is an essential nutrient but in man it is considered a semi-essential nutrient, although cells lacking taurine show major pathology. These findings have spurred interest in the potential use of taurine as a therapeutic agent. The discovery that taurine is an effective therapy against congestive heart failure led to the study of taurine as a therapeutic agent against other disease conditions. Today, taurine has been approved for the treatment of congestive heart failure in Japan and shows promise in the treatment of several other diseases. The present review summarizes studies supporting a role of taurine in the treatment of diseases of muscle, the central nervous system, and the cardiovascular system. In addition, taurine is extremely effective in the treatment of the mitochondrial disease, mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS), and offers a new approach for the treatment of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, and inflammatory diseases, such as arthritis. The review also addresses the functions of taurine (regulation of antioxidation, energy metabolism, gene expression, ER stress, neuromodulation, quality control and calcium homeostasis) underlying these therapeutic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Schaffer
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688,
USA
| | - Ha Won Kim
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504,
Republic of Korea
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Xie XL, He JT, Wang ZT, Xiao HQ, Zhou WT, Du SH, Xue Y, Wang Q. Lactulose attenuates METH-induced neurotoxicity by alleviating the impaired autophagy, stabilizing the perturbed antioxidant system and suppressing apoptosis in rat striatum. Toxicol Lett 2018; 289:107-113. [PMID: 29550550 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a widely abused psychostimulant. Lactulose is a non-absorbable sugar, which effectively decreases METH-induced neurotoxicity in rat. However, the exact mechanisms need further investigation. In this study, 5-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats received METH (15 mg/kg, 8 intraperitoneal injections, 12-h interval) or saline and received lactulose (5.3 g/kg, oral gavage, 12-h interval) or vehicle 2 days prior to the METH administration. Compared to the control group, in the METH alone group, cytoplasmic vacuolar degeneration in hepatocytes, higher levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and ammonia, overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increase of superoxide dismutase activity in the blood were observed. Moreover, in rat striatum, expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-relatted factor-2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 were suppressed in the nucleus, although over-expression of Nrf2 were observed in cytoplasm. Over-expressions of BECN1 and LC3-II indicated initiation of autophagy, while overproduction of p62 might suggest deficient autophagic vesicle turnover and impaired autophagy. Furthermore, accumulation of p62 cloud interact with Keap1 and then aggravate cytoplasmic accumulation of Nrf2. Consistently, over-expressions of cleaved caspase 3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 suggested the activation of apoptosis. The pretreatment with lactulose significantly decreased rat hepatic injury, suppressed hyperammonemia and ROS generation, alleviated the impaired autophagy in striatum, rescued the antioxidant system and repressed apoptosis. Taken together, with decreased blood ammonia, lactulose pretreatment reduced METH-induced neurotoxicity through alleviating the impaired autophagy, stabilizing the perturbed antioxidant system and suppressing apoptosis in rat striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Xie
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), No. 1838 North Guangzhou Road, 510515 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie-Tao He
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Road, 510515 Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Tao Wang
- The 2013 Class, 8-Year Program, The First Clinical Medical School, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Road, 510515 Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan-Qin Xiao
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, 510000 Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Tao Zhou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), No. 1838 North Guangzhou Road, 510515 Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Hao Du
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Road, 510515 Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Xue
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Road, 510515 Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Road, 510515 Guangzhou, China.
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Kaneko H, Kobayashi M, Mizunoe Y, Yoshida M, Yasukawa H, Hoshino S, Itagawa R, Furuichi T, Okita N, Sudo Y, Imae M, Higami Y. Taurine is an amino acid with the ability to activate autophagy in adipocytes. Amino Acids 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2550-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Ultimo S, Martelli AM, Zauli G, Vitale M, Calin GA, Neri LM. Roles and clinical implications of microRNAs in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:5642-5654. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Ultimo
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental MedicineUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
| | - Alberto M. Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Giorgio Zauli
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental MedicineUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
| | - Marco Vitale
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Sport and Exercise Medicine Centre (SEM)University of ParmaParmaItaly
- CoreLabHospital‐University of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - George A. Calin
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics and LeukemiaThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexas
- Center for RNA Interference and Non‐Coding RNAsThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexas
| | - Luca M. Neri
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental MedicineUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
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Inhibition of Starvation-Triggered Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Autophagy, and Apoptosis in ARPE-19 Cells by Taurine through Modulating the Expression of Calpain-1 and Calpain-2. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102146. [PMID: 29036897 PMCID: PMC5666828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex disease with multiple initiators and pathways that converge on death for retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. In this study, effects of taurine on calpains, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells (a human RPE cell line) were investigated. We first confirmed that autophagy, ER stress and apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells were induced by Earle’s balanced salt solution (EBSS) through starvation to induce RPE metabolic stress. Secondly, inhibition of ER stress by 4-phenyl butyric acid (4-PBA) alleviated autophagy and apoptosis, and suppression of autophagy by 3-methyl adenine (3-MA) reduced the cell apoptosis, but the ER stress was minimally affected. Thirdly, the apoptosis, ER stress and autophagy were inhibited by gene silencing of calpain-2 and overexpression of calpain-1, respectively. Finally, taurine suppressed both the changes of the important upstream regulators (calpain-1 and calpain-2) and the activation of ER stress, autophagy and apoptosis, and taurine had protective effects on the survival of ARPE-19 cells. Collectively, this data indicate that taurine inhibits starvation-triggered endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells by modulating the expression of calpain-1 and calpain-2.
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Methylone and MDPV activate autophagy in human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells: a new insight into the context of β-keto amphetamines-related neurotoxicity. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:3663-3676. [PMID: 28527032 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-1984-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy has an essential role in neuronal homeostasis and its dysregulation has been recently linked to neurotoxic effects of a growing list of psychoactive drugs, including amphetamines. However, the role of autophagy in β-keto amphetamine (β-KA) designer drugs-induced neurotoxicity has hitherto not been investigated. In the present study, we show that two commonly abused cathinone derivatives, 3,4-methylenedioxymethcathinone (methylone) and 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), elicit morphological changes consistent with autophagy and neurodegeneration, including formation of autophagic vacuoles and neurite retraction in dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells. Methylone and MDPV prompted the formation of acidic vesicular organelles (AVOs) and lead to increased expression of the autophagy-associated protein LC3-II in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of autophagosomes with typical double membranes and autolysosomes in cells exposed to both β-KA. The autophagic flux was further confirmed using bafilomycin A1, a known inhibitor of the late phase of autophagy. Moreover, we showed that autophagy markers were activated before the triggering of cell death and caspase 3 activation, suggesting that β-KA-induced autophagy precedes apoptotic cell death. To address the role of oxidative stress in autophagy induction, we also investigated the effects of antioxidant treatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) on autophagy and apoptotic markers altered by these drugs. NAC significantly attenuated methylone- and MDPV-induced cell death by completely inhibiting the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and hampering both apoptotic and autophagic activity, suggesting that oxidative stress plays an important role in mediating autophagy and apoptosis elicited by these drugs.
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