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Rosales CMF, Jiang J, Lahib A, Bottorff BP, Reidy EK, Kumar V, Tasoglou A, Huber H, Dusanter S, Tomas A, Boor BE, Stevens PS. Chemistry and human exposure implications of secondary organic aerosol production from indoor terpene ozonolysis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabj9156. [PMID: 35213219 PMCID: PMC8880786 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj9156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Surface cleaning using commercial disinfectants, which has recently increased during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, can generate secondary indoor pollutants both in gas and aerosol phases. It can also affect indoor air quality and health, especially for workers repeatedly exposed to disinfectants. Here, we cleaned the floor of a mechanically ventilated office room using a commercial cleaner while concurrently measuring gas-phase precursors, oxidants, radicals, secondary oxidation products, and aerosols in real-time; these were detected within minutes after cleaner application. During cleaning, indoor monoterpene concentrations exceeded outdoor concentrations by two orders of magnitude, increasing the rate of ozonolysis under low (<10 ppb) ozone levels. High number concentrations of freshly nucleated sub-10-nm particles (≥105 cm-3) resulted in respiratory tract deposited dose rates comparable to or exceeding that of inhalation of vehicle-associated aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jinglin Jiang
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Ray W. Herrick Laboratories, Center for High Performance Buildings, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ahmad Lahib
- O’Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
- IMT Lille Douai, Institut Mines-Télécom, Université de Lille, Center for Energy and Environment, 59000 Lille, France
| | | | - Emily K. Reidy
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Vinay Kumar
- O’Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | | | - Heinz Huber
- RJ Lee Group Inc., Monroeville, PA 15146, USA
- Edelweiss Technology Solutions LLC, Novelty, OH 44072, USA
| | - Sebastien Dusanter
- IMT Lille Douai, Institut Mines-Télécom, Université de Lille, Center for Energy and Environment, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Alexandre Tomas
- IMT Lille Douai, Institut Mines-Télécom, Université de Lille, Center for Energy and Environment, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Brandon E. Boor
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Ray W. Herrick Laboratories, Center for High Performance Buildings, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Corresponding author. (B.E.B.); (P.S.S.)
| | - Philip S. Stevens
- O’Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
- Corresponding author. (B.E.B.); (P.S.S.)
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Kaur K, Mohammadpour R, Jaramillo IC, Ghandehari H, Reilly C, Paine R, Kelly KE. Application of a Quartz Crystal Microbalance to Measure the Mass Concentration of Combustion Particle Suspensions. JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE 2019; 137:105445. [PMID: 32863423 PMCID: PMC7448758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2019.105445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Researchers studying the biological effects of combustion particles typically rely on suspending particles in de-ionized (DI) water, buffer, and/or media prior to in vitro or in vivo experiments. However, the hydrophobic nature of combustion particles makes it difficult to obtain well-suspended, evenly dispersed mixtures, which also makes it difficult to obtain equivalent dosing and endpoint comparisons. This study explored the use of a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) to measure the mass concentration of combustion particle suspensions. It compared the QCM mass concentration to that estimated by placing a known mass of combustion particles in DI water. It also evaluated the effect of drop volume and combustion particle type on QCM measurements. The results showed that QCM is a promising direct method for measuring suspended combustion particle mass concentrations, and it is particularly effective for quantifying concentrations of difficult-to-suspend particles and for combustion particles placed in polystyrene containers, which can lead to substantial particle losses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hamidreza Ghandehari
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah
| | - Christopher Reilly
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah
| | - Robert Paine
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah
| | - Kerry E. Kelly
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Utah
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah
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Kaur K, Jaramillo IC, Mohammadpour R, Sturrock A, Ghandehari H, Reilly C, Paine R, Kelly KE. Effect of collection methods on combustion particle physicochemical properties and their biological response in a human macrophage-like cell line. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2019; 54:1170-1185. [PMID: 31342848 PMCID: PMC6801061 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2019.1632626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In vitro studies are a first step toward understanding the biological effects of combustion-derived particulate matter (cdPM). A vast majority of studies expose cells to cdPM suspensions, which requires a method to collect cdPM and suspend it in an aqueous media. The consequences of different particle collection methods on particle physiochemical properties and resulting biological responses are not fully understood. This study investigated the effect of two common approaches (collection on a filter and a cold plate) and one relatively new (direct bubbling in DI water) approach to particle collection. The three approaches yielded cdPM with differences in particle size distribution, surface area, composition, and oxidative potential. The directly bubbled sample retained the smallest sized particles and the bimodal distribution observed in the gas-phase. The bubbled sample contained ∼50% of its mass as dissolved species and lower molecular weight compounds, not found in the other two samples. These differences in the cdPM properties affected the biological responses in THP-1 cells. The bubbled sample showed greater oxidative potential and cellular reactive oxygen species. The scraped sample induced the greatest TNFα secretion. These findings have implications for in vitro studies of air pollution and for efforts to better understand the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anne Sturrock
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Utah
| | - Hamidreza Ghandehari
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah
| | - Christopher Reilly
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah
| | - Robert Paine
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Utah
| | - Kerry E. Kelly
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Utah
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah
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4
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Malorni L, Guida V, Sirignano M, Genovese G, Petrarca C, Pedata P. Exposure to sub-10 nm particles emitted from a biodiesel-fueled diesel engine: In vitro toxicity and inflammatory potential. Toxicol Lett 2017; 270:51-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Inhaled Pollutants: The Molecular Scene behind Respiratory and Systemic Diseases Associated with Ultrafine Particulate Matter. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020243. [PMID: 28125025 PMCID: PMC5343780 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Air pollution of anthropogenic origin is largely from the combustion of biomass (e.g., wood), fossil fuels (e.g., cars and trucks), incinerators, landfills, agricultural activities and tobacco smoke. Air pollution is a complex mixture that varies in space and time, and contains hundreds of compounds including volatile organic compounds (e.g., benzene), metals, sulphur and nitrogen oxides, ozone and particulate matter (PM). PM0.1 (ultrafine particles (UFP)), those particles with a diameter less than 100 nm (includes nanoparticles (NP)) are considered especially dangerous to human health and may contribute significantly to the development of numerous respiratory and cardiovascular diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and atherosclerosis. Some of the pathogenic mechanisms through which PM0.1 may contribute to chronic disease is their ability to induce inflammation, oxidative stress and cell death by molecular mechanisms that include transcription factors such as nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2). Epigenetic mechanisms including non-coding RNA (ncRNA) may also contribute towards the development of chronic disease associated with exposure to PM0.1. This paper highlights emerging molecular concepts associated with inhalational exposure to PM0.1 and their ability to contribute to chronic respiratory and systemic disease.
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Pedata P, Petrarca C, Garzillo EM, Di Gioacchino M. Immunotoxicological impact of occupational and environmental nanoparticles exposure: The influence of physical, chemical, and combined characteristics of the particles. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2015; 29:343-53. [PMID: 26684639 DOI: 10.1177/0394632015608933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
While nanotechnology is growing exponentially, the knowledge of the impact of nanoparticles (NPs) on public health and the environment is limited so far. Current nanomaterial research is focused on the applications of nanotechnology, whereas there is little information on exposure assessment and risk characterization associated with NPs. Therefore, it is essential that the factors influencing NPs associated hazards be studied. This review seeks to survey and evaluate the current literature in order to better understand the impact of both airborne and engineered NPs exposure, the mechanisms at the cellular level, and the factors influencing their immunotoxicity. In fact, NPs do have immunotoxicological significance, as immune cells in the bloodstream and tissues do act to eliminate or interact with NPs.Proper characterization of the NPs as well as understanding the processes occurring on the NPs surface when in contact with biological systems is crucial to predict or exclude toxicological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Pedata
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Hygiene, Occupational Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Petrarca
- Immunotoxicology and Allergy Unit, Ce.S.I., G. d'Annunzio University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Elpidio Maria Garzillo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Hygiene, Occupational Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Di Gioacchino
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Ageing Science, G. d'Annunzio University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
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Pedata P, Stoeger T, Zimmermann R, Peters A, Oberdörster G, D'Anna A. "Are we forgetting the smallest, sub 10 nm combustion generated particles?". Part Fibre Toxicol 2015; 12:34. [PMID: 26521024 PMCID: PMC4628326 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-015-0107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although mass emissions of combustion-generated particulate matter have been substantially reduced by new combustion technology, there is still a great concern about the emissions of huge numbers of sub-10 nm particles with insignificant mass. These particles have up to orders of magnitude higher surface area to mass ratios compared to larger particles, have surfaces covered with adsorbed volatile and semi-volatile organic species or even are constituted by such species. Currently there is only very little information available on exposure and related health effects specific for smaller particles and first evidences for long-term health effects has only been recently published. However, the fact that these nanoparticles are not easily measured at the exhausts and in the atmosphere and that their biological activity is obscure does not mean that we can overlook them. There is an urgent need to develop i) reliable methods to measure sub-10 nm particles at the exhaust and in the atmosphere and ii) a robust correlation between the chemical structure of the molecules making up combustion-generated nanoparticles and health burden of new combustion technologies. Our attention has to turn to this new class of combustion-generated nanoparticles, which might be the future major constituents of air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Pedata
- Department of Experimental Medicine - Section of Hygiene, Occupational Medicine and Forensic Medicine - School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Tobias Stoeger
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease (iLBD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Comprehensive Molecular Analytics/Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany. .,Analytical Chemistry/Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr-Lorenzweg 1, 18051, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Annette Peters
- Institut of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Günter Oberdörster
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Emeritus of Toxicology, University of Rochester, Rochester, 14642, NY, USA.
| | - Andrea D'Anna
- Department of Chemical, Material and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples "Federico II", P. Tecchio 80, 80125, Naples, Italy.
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Benor S, Alcalay Y, Domany KA, Gut G, Soferman R, Kivity S, Fireman E. Ultrafine particle content in exhaled breath condensate in airways of asthmatic children. J Breath Res 2015; 9:026001. [PMID: 25830607 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/9/2/026001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution triggers and exacerbates airway inflammation. Particulate material (PM) in ambient is characterized as being coarse (PM 10, aerodynamic diameter range 2.5-10 µm), fine (PM 2.5, 2.5-0.1 µm) and ultrafine (UFP, nano-sized, <0.1 µm). It is known that smaller inhaled PM produced more inflammation than larger ones. Most data on human exposure to PM are based on environmental monitoring. We evaluated the effect of individual exposure to UFP on functional respiratory parameters and airway inflammation in 52 children aged 6-18 years referred to the Pulmonary and Allergic Diseases Laboratory due to respiratory symptoms. Spirometry, bronchial provocation challenge, induced sputum (IS), exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and franctional exhaled nitric oxide evaluations were performed by conventional methods. UFP content in EBC was analyzed by using a NanoSight Light Microscope LM20. The total EBC UFP content correlated with wheezing (r = 0.28, p = 0.04), breath symptom score (r = 0.3, p = 0.03), and sputum eosinophilia (R = 0.64, p = 0.005). The percent of EBC particles in the nano-sized range also correlated with wheezing (r = 0.36, p = 0.007), breath symptom score (r = 0.33, p ≤ 0.02), and sputum eosinophilia (r = 0.72, p = 0.001). Respiratory symptoms and airway inflammation positively correlated to UFP content in EBC of symptomatic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira Benor
- Department of Pulmonary and Allergic Diseases, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6423906, Israel
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Abdalla AME, Xiao L, Ouyang C, Yang G. Engineered nanoparticles: thrombotic events in cancer. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:14141-14152. [PMID: 25347245 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr04825c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanoparticles are being increasingly produced for specific applications in medicine. Broad selections of nano-sized constructs have been developed for applications in diagnosis, imaging, and drug delivery. Nanoparticles as contrast agents enable conjugation with molecular markers which are essential for designing effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Such investigations can also lead to a better understanding of disease mechanisms such as cancer-associated thrombosis which remains unpredictable with serious bleeding complications and high risk of death. Here we review the recent and current applications of engineered nanoparticles in diagnosis and therapeutic strategies, noting their toxicity in relation to specific markers as a target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M E Abdalla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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Gualtieri M, Capasso L, D'Anna A, Camatini M. Organic nanoparticles from different fuel blends: in vitro toxicity and inflammatory potential. J Appl Toxicol 2014; 34:1247-55. [PMID: 25244046 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite the well-established link between particulate vehicle emissions and adverse health effects, the biological effects produced by ultrafine particles generated from fuel combustion need to be investigated. The biological impact of nano-sized organic carbon particles in the size range 3-7 nm, obtained from an engine fuelled with a standard diesel and four diesel fuels doped with additives of commercial interest is reported. Our data showed that the number of particles < 10 nm is to a very small extent reduced by diesel particle filters, despite its ability to trap micrometric and submicrometric particulates, and that there is a correlation between the additives used and the chemical characteristics of the nanoparticles sampled. The results show that the different nano-sized organic carbon particles induce cytotoxic and proinflammatory effects on the in vitro systems A549 (epithelial cells) and BEAS-2B (bronchial cells). All the fuels tested are able to induce the release of proinflammatory interleukins 8 and 6; moreover, the IC50 values show that the additives can increase the toxic potential of particles 10 times. Further analyses are therefore needed to better define the potential impact of organic ultrafine particles on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Gualtieri
- Polaris Research Centre, University of Milano-Bicocca, 1, Piazza della Scienza, Milano, 20126, Italy
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