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The Role of Acrolein in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Its Protective Strategy. Foods 2022; 11:3203. [PMCID: PMC9601306 DOI: 10.3390/foods11203203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by a massive loss of specific neurons, which can be fatal. Acrolein, an omnipresent environmental pollutant, is classified as a priority control contaminant by the EPA. Evidence suggests that acrolein is a highly active unsaturated aldehyde related to many nervous system diseases. Therefore, numerous studies have been conducted to identify the function of acrolein in neurodegenerative diseases, such as ischemic stroke, AD, PD, and MS, and its exact regulatory mechanism. Acrolein is involved in neurodegenerative diseases mainly by elevating oxidative stress, polyamine metabolism, neuronal damage, and plasma ACR-PC levels, and decreasing urinary 3-HPMA and plasma GSH levels. At present, the protective mechanism of acrolein mainly focused on the use of antioxidant compounds. This review aimed to clarify the role of acrolein in the pathogenesis of four neurodegenerative diseases (ischemic stroke, AD, PD and MS), as well as protection strategies, and to propose future trends in the inhibition of acrolein toxicity through optimization of food thermal processing and exploration of natural products.
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Wang X, Qiu J, Xu Y, Liao G, Jia Q, Pan Y, Wang T, Qian Y. Integrated non-targeted lipidomics and metabolomics analyses for fluctuations of neonicotinoids imidacloprid and acetamiprid on Neuro-2a cells. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 284:117327. [PMID: 34030083 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticides are widely used for pest control. However, they are highly water-soluble and easily ingested by organisms, posing potential health risks. In this study, cytotoxicity evaluations of imidacloprid and acetamiprid were conducted in Neuro-2a cells by obtaining their half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 values) (1152.1 and 936.5 μM, respectively). The toxic effects at the IC10 and IC20 on cell metabolism were determined by integrated non-targeted lipidomics and metabolomics analyses. Changes in the concentration of acetamiprid caused the most drastic perturbations of metabolism in Neuro-2a cells. Altogether, the detected lipids were mainly attributed to triglyceride, phosphatidylcholine (PC), and diglyceride. These three categories of lipids accounted for more than 67% of the sum in Neuro-2a cells. A total of 14 lipids and other 40 metabolites were screened as differential metabolites based on multivariate data analysis, and PCs were most frequently observed with a proportion of 25.9%. The results demonstrated that lipid metabolism should be paid considerable attention after imidacloprid and acetamiprid exposure. Pathway analysis showed that the metabolisms of glycerophospholipid, sphingolipid, and glutathione were the dominant pathways that were interfered. The present study is the first to investigate the cellular toxic mechanisms after separate imidacloprid and acetamiprid exposure by using lipidomics and metabolomics simultaneously. This research also provides novel insights into the evaluation of the ecological risk of imidacloprid and acetamiprid and contribute to the study of toxicity mechanism of these neonicotinoid insecticides to animals and humans in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlu Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yanyang Xu
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Guangqin Liao
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qi Jia
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yecan Pan
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tiancai Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yongzhong Qian
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Dual Effect of Soloxolone Methyl on LPS-Induced Inflammation In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217876. [PMID: 33114200 PMCID: PMC7660695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-extracted triterpenoids belong to a class of bioactive compounds with pleotropic functions, including antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. In this work, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities of a semisynthetic derivative of 18βH-glycyrrhetinic acid (18βH-GA), soloxolone methyl (methyl 2-cyano-3,12-dioxo-18βH-olean-9(11),1(2)-dien-30-oate, or SM) in vitro on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages and in vivo in models of acute inflammation: LPS-induced endotoxemia and carrageenan-induced peritonitis. SM used at non-cytotoxic concentrations was found to attenuate the production of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide (II) and increase the level of reduced glutathione production by LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, SM strongly suppressed the phagocytic and migration activity of activated macrophages. These effects were found to be associated with the stimulation of heme oxigenase-1 (HO-1) expression, as well as with the inhibition of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and Akt phosphorylation. Surprisingly, it was found that SM significantly enhanced LPS-induced expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in RAW264.7 cells via activation of the c-Jun/Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling axis. In vivo pre-exposure treatment with SM effectively inhibited the development of carrageenan-induced acute inflammation in the peritoneal cavity, but it did not improve LPS-induced inflammation in the endotoxemia model.
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Shukla H, Gaje G, Koucheki A, Lee HY, Sun X, Trush MA, Zhu H, Li YR, Jia Z. NADPH-quinone oxidoreductase-1 mediates Benzo-[a]-pyrene-1,6-quinone-induced cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species production in human EA.hy926 endothelial cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 404:115180. [PMID: 32739527 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies conducted in the past have reported deaths in the human population due to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) on exposure to air particulate matter (APM). BP-1,6-quinone (BP-1,6-Q) is one of the significant components of APM. However, the mechanism(s) by which it can exert its toxicity in endothelial cells is not yet completely understood. NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) is expressed highly in myocardium and vasculature tissues of the heart and plays a vital role in maintaining vascular homeostasis. This study, demonstrated that BP-1,6-Q diminishes NQO1 enzyme activity in a dose-dependent manner in human EA.hy926 endothelial cells. The decrease in the NQO1 enzyme causes potentiation in BP-1,6-Q-mediated toxicity in EA.hy926 endothelial cells. The enhancement of NQO1 in endothelial cells showed cytoprotection against BP-1,6-Q-induced cellular toxicity, lipid, and protein damage suggesting an essential role of NQO1 in cytoprotection against BP-1,6-Q toxicity. Using various biochemical assays and genetic approaches, results from this study further demonstrated that NQO1 also plays a crucial role in BP-1,6-Q-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These findings will contribute to elucidating BP-1,6-Q mediated toxicity and its role in the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halley Shukla
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Gabriella Gaje
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Ashkon Koucheki
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Ho Young Lee
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Xiaolun Sun
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Michael A Trush
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hong Zhu
- Campbell University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Buies Creek, NC, USA
| | - Y Robert Li
- Campbell University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Buies Creek, NC, USA
| | - Zhenquan Jia
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, NC, USA.
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Shukla H, Lee HY, Koucheki A, Bibi HA, Gaje G, Sun X, Zhu H, Li YR, Jia Z. Targeting glutathione with the triterpenoid CDDO-Im protects against benzo-a-pyrene-1,6-quinone-induced cytotoxicity in endothelial cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 474:27-39. [PMID: 32715408 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03831-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have exhibited a strong correlation between exposure to air pollution and deaths due to vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. Benzo-a-pyrene-1,6-quinone (BP-1,6-Q) is one of the components of air pollution. This study was to examine the role of GSH in BP-1,6-Q mediated cytotoxicity in human EA.hy96 endothelial cells and demonstrated that induction of cellular glutathione by a potent triterpenoid, CDDO-Im (1-[2-cyano-3-,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oyl]imidazole), protects cells against BP-1,6-Q induced protein and lipid damage. Incubation of EA.hy926 endothelial cells with BP-1,6-Q caused a significant increase in dose-dependent cytotoxicity as measured by LDH release assay and both apoptotic and necrotic cell deaths as measured by flow cytometric analysis. Incubation of EA.hy926 endothelial cells with BP-1,6-Q also caused a significant decrease in cellular GSH levels. The diminishment of cellular GSH by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) potentiated BP-1,6-Q-induced toxicity significantly suggesting a critical involvement of GSH in BP-1,6-Q induced cellular toxicity. GSH-induction by CDDO-Im significantly protects cells against BP-1,6-Q induced protein and lipid damage as measured by protein carbonyl (PC) assay and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay, respectively. However, the co-treatment of cells with CDDO-Im and BSO reversed the cytoprotective effect of CDDO-Im on BP-1,6-Q-mediated lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation. These results suggest that induction of GSH by CDDO-Im might be the important cellular defense against BP-1,6-Q induced protein and lipid damage. These findings would contribute to better understand the action of BP-1,6-Q and may help to develop novel therapies to protect against BP-1,6-Q-induced atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halley Shukla
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina At Greensboro, 312 Eberhart Building, 321 McIver Street, Greensboro, NC, 27402-6170, USA
| | - Ho Young Lee
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina At Greensboro, 312 Eberhart Building, 321 McIver Street, Greensboro, NC, 27402-6170, USA
| | - Ashkon Koucheki
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina At Greensboro, 312 Eberhart Building, 321 McIver Street, Greensboro, NC, 27402-6170, USA
| | - Humaira A Bibi
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina At Greensboro, 312 Eberhart Building, 321 McIver Street, Greensboro, NC, 27402-6170, USA
| | - Gabriella Gaje
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina At Greensboro, 312 Eberhart Building, 321 McIver Street, Greensboro, NC, 27402-6170, USA
| | - Xiaolun Sun
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Hong Zhu
- Campbell University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Buies Creek, NC, USA
| | - Y Robert Li
- Campbell University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Buies Creek, NC, USA
| | - Zhenquan Jia
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina At Greensboro, 312 Eberhart Building, 321 McIver Street, Greensboro, NC, 27402-6170, USA.
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Liu S, Tsui MTK, Lee E, Fowler J, Jia Z. Uptake, efflux, and toxicity of inorganic and methyl mercury in the endothelial cells (EA.hy926). Sci Rep 2020; 10:9023. [PMID: 32488074 PMCID: PMC7265296 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66444-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of morbidity, mortality, and health care costs in the United States, and possibly around the world. Among the various risk factors of CVD, environmental and dietary exposures to mercury (Hg), a highly toxic metal traditionally regarded as a neurotoxin, has been recently suggested as a potential contributor towards human atherosclerotic development. In this study, we investigated the toxicity, type of cell death, dose-dependent uptake, and efflux of inorganic HgII (as HgCl2) and methylmercury or MeHg (as CH3HgCl) in EA.hy926 endothelial cells, as these two forms of Hg are often reported to be present in human blood among the general populations (~20–30% as HgII and ~70–80% as MeHg). Our results showed that HgII is more toxic than MeHg to the endothelial cells, owing to the higher uptake into the cytoplasm and perhaps importantly lower efflux of HgII by the cells, thus the “net” accumulation by the endothelial cells is higher for HgII than MeHg when exposed to the same Hg levels in the media. Furthermore, both HgII and MeHg were found to induce apoptotic and necrotic cell death. This study has important implications for the contributions of these two common Hg species to the development of atherosclerosis, an important process leading to CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songnian Liu
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
| | - Martin Tsz-Ki Tsui
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Lee
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
| | - Josh Fowler
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
| | - Zhenquan Jia
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA.
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Dhanisha SS, Drishya S, Guruvayoorappan C. Pithecellobium dulce fruit extract mitigates cyclophosphamide-mediated toxicity by regulating proinflammatory cytokines. J Food Biochem 2019; 44:e13083. [PMID: 31633209 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pithecellobium dulce (Family: Fabaceae) is an edible fruit widely used in Asian-Pacific region. In the present study, we had investigated the protective effect of P. dulce fruit extract in mitigating harmful effects of the chemotherapeutic drug, cyclophosphamide (CTX). Our results showed that P. dulce treatment could significantly (p < .01) overcome CTX-induced immunosuppression accompanied with urotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity in experimental animals. This was supported by histopathological data which proved that toxic effects of CTX in urinary bladder walls, liver, and kidney were markedly inhibited with P. dulce administration. Further, we observed significant alterations in in situ formation or release of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulation factor (GM-CSF) and interferon gamma (IFN ɤ) in the P. dulce treated group compared with cyclophosphamide control group. The outcome of the study could have wide range of applications in combating chemotherapy-associated malnutrition as well as in cancer drug development. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: CTX is a commonly used broad spectrum chemotherapeutic drug with severe side effects including immune suppression, malnutrition, urotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity. Identification of a novel immunomodulator from natural sources can resolve these side effects and could improve the quality of life of cancer patients receiving CTX as chemotherapeutic drug. In the present study, we had proved that P. dulce administration could significantly reduce CTX-induced immunotoxicity, urothelial toxicity, and nephrotoxicity. Administration of P. dulce showed a pronounced improvement in total leukocyte count, bone marrow cellularity/α-esterase activity, expression of antioxidant glutathione and cytokines (GM-CSF and INF-ɤ) compared to CTX-treated mice group. Further, histopathological analysis confirmed the protective efficacy of P. dulce against CTX-induced urothelial, hepato and kidney damage. These insights are fostering new combinational therapeutic approaches to cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Sulekha Dhanisha
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Research Regional Cancer Centre (Research Centre, University of Kerala), Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Sudarsanan Drishya
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Research Regional Cancer Centre (Research Centre, University of Kerala), Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Chandrasekharan Guruvayoorappan
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Research Regional Cancer Centre (Research Centre, University of Kerala), Thiruvananthapuram, India
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Sun L, Lian Y, Ding J, Meng Y, Li C, Chen L, Qiu P. The role of chaperone-mediated autophagy in neurotoxicity induced by alpha-synuclein after methamphetamine exposure. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01352. [PMID: 31286692 PMCID: PMC6710200 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is an autophagy-lysosome pathway (ALP) that is different from the other two lysosomal pathways, namely, macroautophagy and microautophagy, and can selectively degrade cytosolic proteins in lysosomes without vesicle formation. CMA activity declines in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, and similar neurotoxicity can occur after methamphetamine (METH) treatment. The relationship between CMA and METH-induced neurotoxicity is not clear. METHODS We detected changes in the chaperone protein Hsc70 and the lysosomal surface receptor Lamp-2a after METH treatment and then regulated these two proteins by small interfering RNA and DNA plasmid transfection to investigate how CMA influences METH-induced neurotoxicity. RESULTS We found that CMA activity is decreased after METH exposure in neurons and downregulated Lamp-2a can aggravate the neurotoxicity induced by α-Syn after METH exposure and that Hsc70 overexpression can relieve the abnormal levels of alpha-synuclein and its aggregate forms and the increase in cell apoptosis induced by METH. CONCLUSIONS The results provide in vivo evidence for CMA plays a pivotal role in METH-induced neurotoxicity, and upregulation of Hsc70 expression significantly protects neuronal cells against METH-induced toxicity. This research may pave the way for potential therapeutic approaches targeting CMA for METH abuse and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leping Sun
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongling Lian
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiuyang Ding
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Anatomy, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Yunle Meng
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingming Qiu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Prevention of Huntington's Disease-Like Behavioral Deficits in R6/1 Mouse by Tolfenamic Acid Is Associated with Decreases in Mutant Huntingtin and Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4032428. [PMID: 31049134 PMCID: PMC6458866 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4032428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tolfenamic acid is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with neuroprotective properties, and it alleviates learning and memory deficits in the APP transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. However, whether tolfenamic acid can prevent motor and memory dysfunction in transgenic animal models of Huntington's disease (HD) remains unclear. To this end, tolfenamic acid was orally administered to transgenic R6/1 mice from 10 to 20 weeks of age, followed by several behavioral tests to evaluate motor and memory function. Tolfenamic acid improved motor coordination in R6/1 mice as tested by rotarod, grip strength, and locomotor behavior tests and attenuated memory dysfunction as analyzed using the novel object recognition test and passive avoidance test. Tolfenamic acid decreased the expression of mutant huntingtin in the striatum of 20-week-old R6/1 mice by inhibiting specificity protein 1 expression and enhancing autophagic function. Furthermore, tolfenamic acid exhibited antioxidant effects in both R6/1 mice and PC12 cell models. Collectively, these results suggest that tolfenamic acid has a good therapeutic effect on R6/1 mice, and may be a potentially useful agent in the treatment of HD.
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Cytoprotective Effects of Natural Compounds against Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7100147. [PMID: 30347819 PMCID: PMC6210295 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7100147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, an imbalance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidants, has been witnessed in pathophysiological states of many disorders. Compounds identified from natural sources have long been recognized to ameliorate oxidative stress due to their inherent antioxidant activities. Here, we summarize the cytoprotective effects and mechanisms of natural or naturally derived synthetic compounds against oxidative stress. These compounds include: caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) found in honey bee propolis, curcumin from turmeric roots, resveratrol abundant in grape, and 1-[2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oyl] imidazole (CDDO-Im), a synthetic triterpenoid based on naturally occurring oleanolic acid. Cytoprotective effects of these compounds in diseases conditions like cardiovascular diseases and obesity to decrease oxidative stress are discussed.
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11
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Zhu LN, Qiao HH, Chen L, Sun LP, Hui JL, Lian YL, Xie WB, Ding JY, Meng YL, Zhu BF, Qiu PM. SUMOylation of Alpha-Synuclein Influences on Alpha-Synuclein Aggregation Induced by Methamphetamine. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:262. [PMID: 30197588 PMCID: PMC6117395 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is an illegal and widely abused psychoactive stimulant. METH abusers are at high risk of neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson’s disease (PD). Previous studies have demonstrated that METH causes alpha-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation in the both laboratory animal and human. In this study, exposure to high METH doses increased the expression of α-syn and the small ubiquitin-related modifier 1 (SUMO-1). Therefore, we hypothesized that SUMOylation of α-syn is involved in high-dose METH-induced α-syn aggregation. We measured the levels of α-syn SUMOylation and these enzymes involved in the SUMOylation cycle in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y cells), in cultures of C57 BL/6 primary mouse neurons and in brain tissues of mice exposure to METH. We also demonstrated the effect of α-syn SUMOylation on α-syn aggregation after METH exposure by overexpressing the key enzyme of the SUMOylation cycle or silencing SUMO-1 expression in vitro. Then, we make introduced mutations in the major SUMOylation acceptor sites of α-syn by transfecting a lentivirus containing the sequence of WT α-syn or K96/102R α-syn into SH-SY5Y cells and injecting an adenovirus containing the sequence of WT α-syn or K96/102R α-syn into the mouse striatum. Levels of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS)-related makers ubiquitin (Ub) and UbE1, as well as the autophagy-lysosome pathway (ALP)-related markers LC3, P62 and lysosomal associated membrane protein 2A (LAMP2A), were also measured in SH-SY5Y cells transfected with lentivirus and mice injected with adenovirus. The results showed that METH exposure decreases the SUMOylation level of α-syn, although the expression of α-syn and SUMO-1 are increased. One possible cause is the reduction of UBC9 level. The increase in α-syn SUMOylation by UBC9 overexpression relieves METH-induced α-syn overexpression and aggregation, whereas the decrease in α-syn SUMOylation by SUMO-1 silencing exacerbates the same pathology. Furthermore, mutations in the major SUMOylation acceptor sites of α-syn also aggravate α-syn overexpression and aggregation by impairing degradation through the UPS and the ALP in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that SUMOylation of α-syn plays a fundamental part in α-syn overexpression and aggregation induced by METH and could be a suitable target for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Nan Zhu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Hua Qiao
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Le-Ping Sun
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Liang Hui
- First Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Ling Lian
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Bing Xie
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiu-Yang Ding
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Anatomy, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Yun-le Meng
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo-Feng Zhu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping-Ming Qiu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Selmanoğlu G, Mülayimçelik Özgün G, Karacaoğlu E. Acrolein-mediated neurotoxicity in growing Wistar male rats. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 149:37-43. [PMID: 30033014 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Güldeniz Selmanoğlu
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Beytepe, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | | | - Elif Karacaoğlu
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Beytepe, Ankara 06800, Turkey.
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Zhai J, Zhang F, Gao S, Chen L, Feng G, Yin J, Chen W. Schisandra chinensis extract decreases chloroacetaldehyde production in rats and attenuates cyclophosphamide toxicity in liver, kidney and brain. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 210:223-231. [PMID: 28821392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill (S. chinensis) has been used for thousands years in China, and is usually applied in treatment of urinary tract disorders and liver injury. S. chinensis extract (SCE) has board protective effects on liver, kidney and nervous system. Schisandra lignans are generally considered as the bioactive components of SCE. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the pharmacokinetic herb-drug interactions (HDIs) between SCE and cyclophosphamide (CTX). To evaluate the protective effects of SCE against CTX induced damage in rat liver, kidney and brain. MATERIALS AND METHODS The pharmacokinetic HDIs between SCE and CTX were investigated by determining plasma concentrations of CTX and three metabolites, namely 4-ketocyclophosphamide (4-Keto), 2-dechloroethylcyclophosphamide (DCCTX) and carboxyphosphamide (CPM) using a previously developed UPLC-MS/MS method. To evaluate the protective effects of SCE pretreatment, toxicity and oxidation stress assessments along with histology investigations were carried out in rat liver, kidney and brain. RESULTS The equimolar produced metabolite DCCTX was chosen to reflect chloroacetaldehyde (CAA, a toxic metabolite of CTX) production in rats. Single-dose pretreatment of SCE significantly reduced CAA production and decreased the Cmax and AUC0-24h of DCCTX by 69% and 49% respectively (P < 0.05). After pretreated with SCE for 7 consecutive days, the Cmax and AUC0-24h of DCCTX were still decreased (-25% and -37%, P < 0.05) when compared with CTX alone group. Parallel toxicity and oxidation stress investigations showed that single-dose SCE pretreatment significantly decreased plasma BUN and Cr levels (-12% and -46%, respectively) and reduced liver AST activity (-32%). Moreover, SCE pretreatment potently increased the brain GSH content by 7.8-fold, and reduced MDA levels in rat liver, kidney and brain by 39%, 28% and 31%, respectively (compared with CTX alone group). The protective effects of SCE were also supported by histological observations. CONCLUSION Our experiment results suggest that S. chinensis may find use as a complementary medicine in CTX treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiu Zhai
- School of Traditional Chinese Material, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China; Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shouhong Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Research on Active Ingredients in Natural Medicines, Bioengineering Research Institute, Yichun University, Yichun, China.
| | - Ge Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Research on Active Ingredients in Natural Medicines, Bioengineering Research Institute, Yichun University, Yichun, China.
| | - Jun Yin
- School of Traditional Chinese Material, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Wansheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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14
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Coyle JP, Rinaldi RJ, Johnson GT, Bourgeois MM, McCluskey J, Harbison RD. Acrolein measurement and degradation in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium: an examination of in-vitro exposure metrics. Toxicol Mech Methods 2017; 28:115-121. [PMID: 28826359 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2017.1370755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Acrolein is a reactive α,β-unsaturated aldehyde known for its adduction to endogenous biomolecules, resulting in initiation or exacerbation of several disease pathways. In-vitro systems are routinely used to elucidate the cytotoxic or mechanistic role(s) of acrolein in pathogenesis. Nevertheless, the half-life of acrolein in biological or in-vitro systems, e.g. blood or culture media, has not been well characterized. Since in-vitro cytotoxic and mechanistic investigations routinely expose cultures to acrolein from 1 hour to 72 hours, we aimed to characterize the half-life of acrolein in culture medium to ascertain the plausible exposure window. Half-life determinations were conducted in low-serum DMEM at room temperature and 37 °C, both with and without H9c2 cells. For quantitative assessment, acrolein was derivatized to a fluorescent 7-hydroxyquinoline method validated in-house and assessed via fluorescent spectroscopy. In closed vessel experiments at room temperature, acrolein in DMEM was reduced by more than 40% at 24 hours, irrespective of the initial concentration. Expectedly, open vessel experiments demonstrated accelerated depletion over time at room temperature, and faster still at 37 °C. The presence of cells tended to further accelerate degradation by an additional 15-30%, depending on temperature. These results undermine described experimental exposure conditions stated in most in-vitro experiments. Recognition of this discrepancy between stated and actual exposure metrics warrant examination of novel alternative objective and representative exposure characterization for in-vitro studies to facilitate translation to in-vivo and in-silico methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayme P Coyle
- a Department of Environmental and Occupational Heath , University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - Robert J Rinaldi
- b Department of Integrative Biology , University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - Giffe T Johnson
- a Department of Environmental and Occupational Heath , University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - Marie M Bourgeois
- a Department of Environmental and Occupational Heath , University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - James McCluskey
- a Department of Environmental and Occupational Heath , University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - Raymond D Harbison
- a Department of Environmental and Occupational Heath , University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , USA
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Chen C, Qincao L, Xu J, Du S, Huang E, Liu C, Lin Z, Xie WB, Wang H. Role of PUMA in methamphetamine-induced neuronal apoptosis. Toxicol Lett 2015; 240:149-60. [PMID: 26524635 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to methamphetamine (METH), a widely used illicit drug, has been shown to cause neuron apoptosis. p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) is a key mediator in neuronal apoptosis. This study aimed to examine the effects of PUMA in METH-induced neuronal apoptosis. We determined PUMA protein expression in PC12 cells and SH-SY5Y cells after METH exposure using western blot. We also observed the effect of METH on neuronal apoptosis after silencing PUMA expression with siRNA using TUNEL staining and flow cytometry. Additionally, to investigate possible mechanisms of METH-induced PUMA-mediated neuronal apoptosis, we measured the protein expression of apoptotic markers, including cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP, Bax, B-cell leukemia/lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and cytochrome c (cyto c), after METH treatment with or without PUMA knockdown. Results showed that METH exposure induced cell apoptosis, increased PUMA protein levels, activated caspase-3 and PARP, elevated Bax and reduced Bcl-2 expression, as well as increased the release of cyto c from mitochondria to the cytoplasm in both PC12 and SH-SY5Y cells. All these effects were attenuated or reversed after silencing PUMA. A schematic depicting the role of PUMA in METH-induced mitochondrial apoptotic pathway was proposed. Our results suggest that PUMA plays an important role in METH-triggered apoptosis and it may be a potential target for ameliorating neuronal injury and apoptosis caused by METH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxiang Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Litao Qincao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingtao Xu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Sihao Du
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Enping Huang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Liu
- Guangzhou Forensic Science Institute, Guangzhou 510030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhoumeng Lin
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Wei-Bing Xie
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huijun Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China.
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