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Mangotra A, Singh SK. Volatile organic compounds: A threat to the environment and health hazards to living organisms - A review. J Biotechnol 2024; 382:51-69. [PMID: 38242502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are the organic compounds having a minimum vapor pressure of 0.13 kPa at standard temperature and pressure (293 K, 101 kPa). Being used as a solvent for organic and inorganic compounds, they have a wide range of applications. Most of the VOCs are non-biodegradable and very easily become component of the environment and deplete its purity. It also deteriorates the water quality index of the water bodies, impairs the physiology of living beings, enters the food chain by bio-magnification and degrades, decomposes and manipulates the physiology of living organisms. To unveil the adverse impacts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and their rapid eruption and interference in the living world, a review has been designed. This review presents an insight into the currently available VOCs, their sources, applications, sampling methods, analytic procedures, imposition on the health of aquatic and terrestrial communities and their contamination of the environment. Elaboration has been done on representation of toxicological effects of VOCs on vertebrates, invertebrates, and birds. Subsequently, the role of environmental agencies in the protection of environment has also been illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Mangotra
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, NH-1, Phagwara, 144411 Punjab, India.
| | - Shailesh Kumar Singh
- School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, NH-1, Phagwara, 144411 Punjab, India.
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2
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Sun D, Gao X, Wang Q, Krausz KW, Fang Z, Zhang Y, Xie C, Gonzalez FJ. Metabolic map of the antiviral drug podophyllotoxin provides insights into hepatotoxicity. Xenobiotica 2021; 51:1047-1059. [PMID: 34319859 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2021.1961920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Podophyllotoxin (POD) is a natural compound with antiviral and anticancer activities. The purpose of the present study was to determine the metabolic map of POD in vitro and in vivo.Mouse and human liver microsomes were employed to identify POD metabolites in vitro and recombinant drug-metabolizing enzymes were used to identify the mono-oxygenase enzymes involved in POD metabolism. All in vitro incubation mixtures and bile samples from mice treated with POD were analysed with ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.A total of 38metabolites, including six phase-I metabolites and 32 phase-II metabolites, of POD were identified from bile and faeces samples after oral administration, and their structures were elucidated through interpreting MS/MS fragmentation patterns.Nine metabolites, including two phase-I metabolites, five glucuronide conjugates, and two GSH conjugates were detected in both human and mouse liver microsome incubation systems and the generation of all metabolites were NADPH-dependent. The main phase-I enzymes involved in metabolism of POD in vitro include CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP3A4, and CYP3A5.POD administration to mice caused hepatic and intestinal toxicity, and the cellular damage was exacerbated when 1-aminobenzotriazole, a broad-spectrum inhibitor of CYPs, was administered with POD, indicating that POD, but not its metabolites, induced hepatic and intestinal toxicities.This study elucidated the metabolic map and provides important reference basis for the safety evaluation and rational for the clinical application of POD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Gao
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Qiao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Kristopher W Krausz
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhongze Fang
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Youbo Zhang
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Cen Xie
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Gui J, Cai X, Chen L, Zhou Y, Zhu W, Jiang Y, Hu M, Chen X, Hu Y, Zhang S. Facile and practical hydrodehalogenations of organic halides enabled by calcium hydride and palladium chloride. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00758k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, calcium hydride and palladium chloride were used to reduce a wide range of organic halides including aromatic bromides, aromatic chlorides, aromatic triflates, aliphatic bromides, aliphatic chlorides and trihalomethyl compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Gui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases & College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Xin Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases & College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Lingyun Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases & College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Yuxin Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases & College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases & College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Yuanrui Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases & College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Min Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases & College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P.R. China
| | - Yanwei Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases & College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Shilei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases & College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
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Yang G, Xiang Y, Zhou W, Zhong X, Zhang Y, Lin D, Huang X. 1-Bromopropane-induced apoptosis in OVCAR-3 cells via oxidative stress and inactivation of Nrf2. Toxicol Ind Health 2020; 37:59-67. [PMID: 33305700 DOI: 10.1177/0748233720979427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The bromoalkane, 1-bromopropane (1-BP), may damage the reproductive system though oxidative stress, while the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays an important role in regulating intracellular antioxidant levels against oxidative stress. This study explored the role of oxidative stress and the Nrf2 signaling pathway in mediating the reproductive toxicity of 1-BP using the ovarian carcinoma cell line OVCAR-3 as an in vitro model of the human ovary. OVCAR-3 cells were treated with 1, 5, 10 and 15 mM 1-BP. After 24 h, the cellular reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde concentrations significantly increased, while the superoxide dismutase activity decreased; translocation of Nrf2 from the cytosol to the nucleus as well as downstream protein expression of Nrf2-regulated genes heme oxygenase-1 and Bcl-2 was inhibited. Apoptosis was also observed, accompanied by increased caspase-3 and caspase-9 activity. The antioxidant vitamin C alleviated 1-BP-induced apoptosis by inhibiting caspase activity activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway. These findings suggested that 1-BP induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in OVCAR-3 cells through inactivation of Nrf2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangtao Yang
- Institute of Occupational Hazard Assessment, 200636Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingping Xiang
- Institute of Occupational Hazard Assessment, 200636Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Institute of Occupational Hazard Assessment, 200636Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohuan Zhong
- Institute of Occupational Hazard Assessment, 200636Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, 200636Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Dafeng Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory, 200636Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianqing Huang
- Institute of Occupational Hazard Assessment, 200636Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Zhang X, Morikawa K, Mori Y, Zong C, Zhang L, Garner E, Huang C, Wu W, Chang J, Nagashima D, Sakurai T, Ichihara S, Oikawa S, Ichihara G. Proteomic analysis of liver proteins of mice exposed to 1,2-dichloropropane. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:2691-2705. [PMID: 32435916 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02785-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
1,2-Dichloropropane (1,2-DCP) is recognized as the causative agent for cholangiocarcinoma among offset color proof-printing workers in Japan. The aim of the present study was to characterize the molecular mechanisms of 1,2-DCP-induced hepatotoxic effects by proteomic analysis. We analyzed quantitatively the differential expression of proteins in the mouse liver and investigated the role of P450 in mediating the effects of 1,2-DCP. Male C57BL/6JJcl mice were exposed to 0, 50, 250, or 1250 ppm 1,2-DCP and treated with either 1-aminobenzotriazole (1-ABT), a nonselective P450 inhibitor, or saline, for 8 h/day for 4 weeks. Two-dimensional difference in gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) combined with matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF/MS) was used to detect and identify proteins affected by the treatment. PANTHER overrepresentation test on the identified proteins was conducted. 2D-DIGE detected 61 spots with significantly different intensity between 0 and 250 ppm 1,2-DCP groups. Among them, 25 spots were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF/MS. Linear regression analysis showed significant trend with 1,2-DCP level in 17 proteins in mice co-treated with 1-ABT. 1-ABT mitigated the differential expression of these proteins. The gene ontology enrichment analysis showed overrepresentation of proteins functionally related to nickel cation binding, carboxylic ester hydrolase activity, and catalytic activity. The results demonstrated that exposure to 1,2-DCP altered the expression of proteins related with catalytic and carboxylic ester hydrolase activities, and that such effect was mediated by P450 enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, 278-8510, Japan.,Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, 510300, People's Republic of China
| | - Kota Morikawa
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yurie Mori
- Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Cai Zong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Lingyi Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Edwin Garner
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA
| | - Chinyen Huang
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Wenting Wu
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Jie Chang
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Daichi Nagashima
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Sakurai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Sahoko Ichihara
- Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Shinji Oikawa
- Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Gaku Ichihara
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, 278-8510, Japan.
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Suo J, Zhang C, Wang P, Hou L, Wang Q, Zhao X. Allyl Sulfide Counteracts 1-Bromopropane-Induced Neurotoxicity by Inhibiting Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress. Toxicol Sci 2020; 167:397-407. [PMID: 30247689 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to 1-bromopropane (1-BP), an alternative to ozone-depleting solvents, produces potential neurotoxicity in occupational populations. However, no therapeutic strategy is available currently. Accumulating evidence suggests that cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) is critical for the active metabolism of 1-BP. The purpose of this study is aimed to test whether inhibition of CYP2E1 by allyl sulfide, a specific inhibitor of CYP2E1, could be able to protect against 1-BP-induced neurotoxicity. Male Wistar rats were intoxicated with 1-BP for 9 continuous weeks with or without allyl sulfide pretreatment. Results clearly demonstrated that 1-BP exposure induced decrease in NeuN+ cells and increase in cleaved caspase-3 expression and TUNEL+ cells in motor cortex of rats, which was significantly ameliorated by allyl sulfide. Allyl sulfide treatment also recovered the motor performance of rats treated with 1-BP. Mechanistically, allyl sulfide-inhibited 1-BP-induced expression of CYP2E1 in microglia, which was associated with suppression of microglial activation and M1 polarization in motor cortex of rats. Reduced oxidative stress was also observed in rats treated with combined allyl sulfide and 1-BP compared with 1-BP alone group. Furthermore, we found that allyl sulfide abrogated 1-BP-induced activation of Nuclear factor(NF)-κB and GSH/Thioredoxin/ASK1 pathways, the key factor for the maintenance of M1 microglial inflammatory response and oxidative stress-related neuronal apoptosis, respectively. Thus, our results showed that allyl sulfide exerted neuroprotective effects in combating 1-BP-induced neurotoxicity through inhibition of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Blocking CYP2E1 activity by allyl sulfide might be a promising avenue for the treatment of neurotoxicity elicited by 1-BP and other related neurotoxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinning Suo
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 250012 Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cuili Zhang
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 250012 Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Pin Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Liyan Hou
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Qingshan Wang
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiulan Zhao
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 250012 Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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Nagashima D, Zhang L, Kitamura Y, Ichihara S, Watanabe E, Zong C, Yamano Y, Sakurai T, Oikawa S, Ichihara G. Proteomic analysis of hippocampal proteins in acrylamide-exposed Wistar rats. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:1993-2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02484-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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de Montellano PRO. 1-Aminobenzotriazole: A Mechanism-Based Cytochrome P450 Inhibitor and Probe of Cytochrome P450 Biology. Med Chem 2018; 8:038. [PMID: 30221034 PMCID: PMC6137267 DOI: 10.4172/2161-0444.1000495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
1-Aminobenzotriazole (1-ABT) is a pan-specific, mechanism-based inactivator of the xenobiotic metabolizing forms of cytochrome P450 in animals, plants, insects, and microorganisms. It has been widely used to investigate the biological roles of cytochrome P450 enzymes, their participation in the metabolism of both endobiotics and xenobiotics, and their contributions to the metabolism-dependent toxicity of drugs and chemicals. This review is a comprehensive evaluation of the chemistry, discovery, and use of 1-aminobenzotriazole in these contexts from its introduction in 1981 to the present.
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Zhang X, Zong C, Zhang L, Garner E, Sugie S, Huang C, Wu W, Chang J, Sakurai T, Kato M, Ichihara S, Kumagai S, Ichihara G. Exposure of Mice to 1,2-Dichloropropane Induces CYP450-Dependent Proliferation and Apoptosis of Cholangiocytes. Toxicol Sci 2017; 162:559-569. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Cai Zong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Lingyi Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Edwin Garner
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108
| | - Shigeyuki Sugie
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Asahi University Murakami Memorial Hospital, Gifu 500-8523, Japan
| | - Chinyen Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Wenting Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Jie Chang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Sakurai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Masashi Kato
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Sahoko Ichihara
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan
| | - Shinji Kumagai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Management, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Gaku Ichihara
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
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Zhao M, Wang FSL, Hu XS, Chen F, Chan HM. Effect of acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity in a primary astrocytes/microglial co-culture model. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 39:119-125. [PMID: 27836571 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acrylamide (AA), is a common food contaminant generated by heat processing. Astrocytes and microglia are the two major glial cell types in the brain that play pivotal but different roles in maintaining optimal brain function. The objective of this study is to investigate the neurotoxicity of AA, using a primary astrocytes/microglia co-culture model. Co-cultural cells obtained from Balb/c mice were cultured and treated with 0-1.0mM AA for 24-96h. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, oxidative end produces formation and glutathione (GSH) levels were measured. The expression of nuclear-E2-related factor 2(Nrf2), and nuclear factor kappa-beta (NF-κB) and selected down-stream genes were measured. Results showed that AA treatment led toa dose-dependent toxicity. Oxidative stress was induced as indicated by an increase of ROS, a decrease of GSH levels, and an increase in the formation of 4-hydroxynonenal-adduct and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine-adduct. Both Nrf2 and NF-κB pathway contributed to the initiation of oxidative stress but the timing of two factors was different. Nrf2 and its related downstream genes were activated earlier than that in NF-κB pathway. In conclusion, AA-induced neurotoxicity attribute to oxidative stress via Nrf2 and NF-κB pathway. Moreover, the co-culture cell model was proven to be a viable model to study AA neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Fu Sheng Lewis Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Xiao Song Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fang Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Hing Man Chan
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
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Zong C, Zhang X, Huang C, Chang J, Garner CE, Sakurai T, Kato M, Ichihara S, Ichihara G. Role of cytochrome P450s in the male reproductive toxicity of 1-bromopropane. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:1522-1529. [PMID: 30090453 DOI: 10.1039/c6tx00164e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
1-Bromopropane (1BP) is widely used as an alternative to ozone-depleting solvents. The present study investigated the role of P450s in 1BP-induced male reproductive toxicity. Mice co-treated with 1-aminobenzotriazole (ABT), a non-selective P450 inhibitor, were exposed to 1BP at 0, 50, 250, or 1200 ppm, while saline-treated control mice were exposed to 1BP at 0, 50, or 250 ppm, for 4 weeks. In the saline-treated mice, exposure to 1BP at 250 ppm decreased the sperm count and sperm motility. Histopathological examination showed that exposure to 1BP at 50 and 250 ppm increased the number of elongated spermatids retained at the basal region of stage IX, X and XI seminiferous tubules, while exposure to 1BP at 250 ppm increased the number of periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive round structures in stage IX, X, and XI seminiferous tubules. Co-treatment with ABT prevented the above changes induced by exposure to 1BP at 50 or 250 ppm. However, ABT-treated mice exposed to 1BP in the 1200 ppm group showed decreases in the weights of reproductive organs, epididymal sperm count and motility, increases in epididymal sperm with abnormal heads, retained spermatids and PAS-positive round structures in stages IX-XI, depletion of spermatogenic cells in part of the seminiferous tubules, and a small number of round spermatids in stage VII seminiferous tubules. The results at 50 and 250 ppm of 1-BP exposure indicate that P450s play important roles in 1BP-induced testicular toxicity. The control of P450 activity reduced 1BP-induced male reproductive toxicities including spermiation failure, reduction of epididymal sperm count and motility, and formation of PAS-positive round structures at postspermiation stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Zong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health , Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Tokyo University of Science , Noda 278-8510 , Japan . ; ; Tel: +81-4-7121-361.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Health , Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya 466-8550 , Japan
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health , Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Tokyo University of Science , Noda 278-8510 , Japan . ; ; Tel: +81-4-7121-361.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Health , Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya 466-8550 , Japan
| | - Chinyen Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health , Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya 466-8550 , Japan
| | - Jie Chang
- School of Public Health , Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Health , Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya 466-8550 , Japan
| | - C Edwin Garner
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87108 , USA
| | - Toshihiro Sakurai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health , Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Tokyo University of Science , Noda 278-8510 , Japan . ; ; Tel: +81-4-7121-361
| | - Masashi Kato
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health , Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya 466-8550 , Japan
| | - Sahoko Ichihara
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies , Mie University , Tsu 514-8507 , Japan
| | - Gaku Ichihara
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health , Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Tokyo University of Science , Noda 278-8510 , Japan . ; ; Tel: +81-4-7121-361
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