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Li MR, Men SH, Wang ZY, Liu C, Zhou GR, Yan ZG. The application of human-derived cell lines in neurotoxicity studies of environmental pollutants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168839. [PMID: 38036138 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
As industrial and societal advancements progress, an increasing number of environmental pollutants linked to human existence have been substantiated to elicit neurotoxicity and developmental neural toxicity. For research in this field, human-derived neural cell lines have become excellent in vitro models. This study examines the utilization of immortalized cell lines, specifically the SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line, and neural cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells, in the investigation of neurotoxicity and developmental neural toxicity caused by environmental pollutants. The study also explores the culturing techniques employed for these cell lines and provides an overview of the standardized assays used to assess various biological endpoints. The environmental pollutants involved include a variety of organic compounds, heavy metals, and microplastics. The utilization of cell lines derived from human sources holds significant significance in elucidating the neurotoxic effects of environmental pollutants and the underlying mechanisms. Finally, we propose the possibility of improving the in vitro model of the human nervous system and the toxicity detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Shu-Hui Men
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Zi-Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Chen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Guo-Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Zhen-Guang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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2
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Bhatt R, Vaishnav D, Airao V, Sharma T, Rachamalla M, Mani S, Gupta AK, Upadhye V, Jha SK, Jha NK, Parmar S. Neuroprotective potential of saroglitazar in 6-OHDA induced Parkinson's disease in rats. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:955-971. [PMID: 37518817 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects 2%-3% of the population worldwide. Clinical presentation of PD includes motor and non-motor symptoms. The interplay between pathogenic factors such as increased oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis are responsible for neurodegeneration in PD. Intrastriatal administration of 6-hydroxy dopamine (6-OHDA) in rat brain provoked oxidative and nitrosative stress by decreasing endogenous antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase. Consequently, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis-α, interferon-γ and cyclooxygenase-2 mediated neuroinflammation leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, involving inhibition of complex-II and IV activities, followed by apoptosis and degeneration of striatal dopaminergic neurons. Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons resulted in reduced dopamine turnover, consequently induced behavioural abnormalities in rats. Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have protective role in PD by modulating response of antioxidant enzymes, neuroinflammation and apoptosis in various animal models of PD. Saroglitazar (SG) being dual PPAR-α/γ agonist activates both PPAR-α and PPAR-γ receptors and provide neuroprotection by reducing oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis of dopaminergic cells in 6-OHDA induced PD in rats. Thereby, SG restored striatal histopathological damage and dopamine concentration in rat striatum, and behavioural alterations in rats. Thus, SG proved neuroprotective effects in rat model of PD. Potential benefits of SG in rat model of PD advocates to consider it for further preclinical and clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Bhatt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, India
| | - Devendra Vaishnav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, India
| | - Vishal Airao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, India
| | - Tejas Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, India
| | - Mahesh Rachamalla
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Shalini Mani
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Emerging Disease, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Gupta
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Science (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Vijay Upadhye
- Centre of Research for Development (CR4D) and Department of Microbiology, Parul University, Vadodara, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Sachin Parmar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, India
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3
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Effect of Pesticides on Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) and Their Association with Obesity and Diabetes. PPAR Res 2023; 2023:1743289. [PMID: 36875280 PMCID: PMC9984265 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1743289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes mellitus are considered the most important diseases of the XXI century. Recently, many epidemiological studies have linked exposure to pesticides to the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The role of pesticides and their possible influence on the development of these diseases was investigated by examining the relationship between these compounds and one of the major nuclear receptor families controlling lipid and carbohydrate metabolism: the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ; this was possible through in silico, in vitro, and in vivo assays. The present review aims to show the effect of pesticides on PPARs and their contribution to the changes in energy metabolism that enable the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Wan F, Yu T, Hu J, Yin S, Li Y, Kou L, Chi X, Wu J, Sun Y, Zhou Q, Zou W, Zhang Z, Wang T. The pyrethroids metabolite 3-phenoxybenzoic acid induces dopaminergic degeneration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156027. [PMID: 35605864 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to pyrethroids, a significant class of the most widely used agricultural chemicals, has been associated with an increased risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, although many different pyrethroids induce roughly the same symptoms of Parkinsonism, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. To find the shared key features among these mechanisms, we focused on 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), a common and prominent metabolite of most pyrethroids produced via hydrolysis by CEs in mammals. To determine the contribution of 3-PBA to the initiation and progression of PD, we performed in vivo and in vitro experiments, respectively, and found that 3-PBA not only accumulates in murine brain tissues over time but also further induces PD-like pathologies (increased α-syn and phospho-S129, decreased TH) to the same or even greater extent than the precursor pyrethroid. A before-after study of PET-DAT in the same mice revealed that low concentrations of 3-PBA (0.5 mg/kg) could paradoxically cause DAT to increase (22.46% higher than pre-drug test). The intervention of DAT inhibitors and activators respectively alleviated and enhanced the dopaminergic toxicity of 3-PBA, indicating that 3-PBA interacts with DAT. In particular, low concentrations of 3-PBA increase the DAT, which in turn induces 3-PBA to enter the dopaminergic neurons to exert toxic effects. Finally, we described a mechanism underlying this potential role of 3-PBA in the pathological aggregation of α-syn. Specifically, 3-PBA was found to dysregulate C/EBP β levels and further anomalously activate AEP in vivo and in vitro, accompanied by increased accumulation of pathologically cleaved α-syn (N103 fragments) and accelerated α-syn aggregation. All these results suggest that 3-PBA exposure could mimic the pathological and pathogenetic features of PD, showing that this metabolite is a key pathogenic compound in pyrethroid-related pathological effects and a possible dopamine neurotoxin. Additionally, our findings provide a crucial reference for the primary prevention of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wan
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junjie Hu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sijia Yin
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunna Li
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Kou
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaosa Chi
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiawei Wu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yadi Sun
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiulu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenkai Zou
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Li X, Bai R, Bai Y, Shi X, Yang Y, Xu S. ROS-mediated PPAR/RXR inhibition contributes to acetochlor-induced apoptosis and autophagy in Ctenopharyngodon idella hepatic cells. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 128:684-694. [PMID: 36028057 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Acetochlor is a high-volume herbicide whose widespread use threatens ecosystems and affects aquaculture. Apoptosis and autophagy are important causes of hepatotoxicity caused by toxicants, which can be mediated by oxidative stress and the inhibition of PPAR/RXR pathway. However, the mechanism of acetochlor on fish hepatocyte damage still needs to be further investigated. Therefore, we treated the Ctenopharyngodon idella hepatic cell line (L8824 cells) with different concentrations (10, 20, and 40 μM) of acetochlor and/or ROS scavenger NAC (1 mM) for 24 h. The results showed that acetochlor decreased the cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. AO/EB staining and flow cytometry verified the increased apoptotic rates. Quantitative analysis of gene expression levels or protein expression levels displayed that the expression levels of Beclin1, P62, LC3B, BAX, and cleaved Casp3 were increased, and the expression of BCL2 was reduced. Besides, we detected the increased ROS contents and decreased PPAR/RXR pathway expressions after acetochlor treatment. The clearance of ROS alleviated the inhibition of the PPAR/RXR pathway and lightened apoptosis and autophagy under acetochlor stress. Overall, these results revealed that acetochlor exposure triggered BCL2/BAX/Casp3-cascaded apoptosis and Beclin1-dependent autophagy through ROS-mediated PPAR/RXR inhibition. The results partially explain the toxicological mechanism of acetochlor and provide targets for the development of its antidote.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Ruichen Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yichen Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Xu Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yuhong Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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6
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The SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line, a relevant in vitro cell model for investigating neurotoxicology in human: focus on organic pollutants. Neurotoxicology 2022; 92:131-155. [PMID: 35914637 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Investigation of the toxicity triggered by chemicals on the human brain has traditionally relied on approaches using rodent in vivo models and in vitro cell models including primary neuronal cultures and cell lines from rodents. The issues of species differences between humans and rodents, the animal ethical concerns and the time and cost required for neurotoxicity studies on in vivo animal models, do limit the use of animal-based models in neurotoxicology. In this context, human cell models appear relevant in elucidating cellular and molecular impacts of neurotoxicants and facilitating prioritization of in vivo testing. The SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line (ATCC® CRL-2266TM) is one of the most used cell lines in neurosciences, either undifferentiated or differentiated into neuron-like cells. This review presents the characteristics of the SH-SY5Y cell line and proposes the results of a systematic review of literature on the use of this in vitro cell model for neurotoxicity research by focusing on organic environmental pollutants including pesticides, 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), flame retardants, PFASs, parabens, bisphenols, phthalates, and PAHs. Organic environmental pollutants are widely present in the environment and increasingly known to cause clinical neurotoxic effects during fetal & child development and adulthood. Their effects on cultured SH-SY5Y cells include autophagy, cell death (apoptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, or necrosis), increased oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, disruption of neurotransmitter homeostasis, and alteration of neuritic length. Finally, the inherent advantages and limitations of the SH-SY5Y cell model are discussed in the context of chemical testing.
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7
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Tschesche C, Bekaert M, Bassett DI, Boyd S, Bron JE, Sturm A. Key role of mitochondrial mutation Leu107Ser (COX1) in deltamethrin resistance in salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis). Sci Rep 2022; 12:10356. [PMID: 35725748 PMCID: PMC9209418 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14023-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The pyrethroid deltamethrin (DTM) is used to treat Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) against salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) infestations. However, DTM resistance has evolved in L. salmonis and is currently common in the North Atlantic. This study aimed to re-assess the association between DTM resistance and mitochondrial (mtDNA) mutations demonstrated in previous reports. Among 218 L. salmonis collected in Scotland in 2018–2019, 89.4% showed DTM resistance in bioassays, while 93.6% expressed at least one of four mtDNA single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously shown to be resistance associated. Genotyping at further 14 SNP loci allowed to define three resistance-associated mtDNA haplotypes, named 2, 3 and 4, occurring in 72.0%, 14.2% and 7.3% of samples, respectively. L. salmonis strains IoA-02 (haplotype 2) and IoA-10 (haplotype 3) both showed high levels (~ 100-fold) of DTM resistance, which was inherited maternally in crossing experiments. MtDNA haplotypes 2 and 3 differed in genotype for 17 of 18 studied SNPs, but shared one mutation that causes an amino acid change (Leu107Ser) in the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COX1) and was present in all DTM resistant while lacking in all susceptible parasites. We conclude that Leu107Ser (COX1) is a main genetic determinant of DTM resistance in L. salmonis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tschesche
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Michaël Bekaert
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - David I Bassett
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Sally Boyd
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - James E Bron
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Armin Sturm
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK.
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8
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Soman SK, Tingle D, Dagda RY, Torres M, Dagda M, Dagda RK. Cleaved PINK1 induces neuronal plasticity through PKA-mediated BDNF functional regulation. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:2134-2155. [PMID: 34046942 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) lead to early onset autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease in humans. In healthy neurons, full-length PINK1 (fPINK1) is post-translationally cleaved into different lower molecular weight forms, and cleaved PINK1 (cPINK1) gets shuttled to the cytosolic compartments to support extra-mitochondrial functions. While numerous studies have exemplified the role of mitochondrially localized PINK1 in modulating mitophagy in oxidatively stressed neurons, little is known regarding the physiological role of cPINK1 in healthy neurons. We have previously shown that cPINK1, but not fPINK1, modulates the neurite outgrowth and the maintenance of dendritic arbors by activating downstream protein kinase A (PKA) signaling in healthy neurons. However, the molecular mechanisms by which cPINK1 promotes neurite outgrowth remain to be elucidated. In this report, we show that cPINK1 supports neuronal development by modulating the expression and extracellular release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Consistent with this role, we observed a progressive increase in the level of endogenous cPINK1 but not fPINK1 during prenatal and postnatal development of mouse brains and during development in primary cortical neurons. In cultured primary neurons, the pharmacological activation of endogenous PINK1 leads to enhanced downstream PKA activity, subsequent activation of the PKA-modulated transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), increased intracellular production and extracellular release of BDNF, and enhanced activation of the BDNF receptor-TRKβ. Mechanistically, cPINK1-mediated increased dendrite complexity requires the binding of extracellular BDNF to TRKβ. In summary, our data support a physiological role of cPINK1 in stimulating neuronal development by activating the PKA-CREB-BDNF signaling axis in a feedforward loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smijin K Soman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - David Tingle
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Raul Y Dagda
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Mariana Torres
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Marisela Dagda
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Ruben K Dagda
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
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Şekeroğlu V, Ertürk B, Atlı Şekeroğlu Z. Effects of deltamethrin and thiacloprid on cell viability, colony formation and DNA double-strand breaks in human bronchial epithelial cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128293. [PMID: 33297235 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Deltamethrin (DEL) and thiacloprid (THIA) are commonly used insecticides applied either separately or as a mixture. We aimed to investigate the effects of DEL and THIA on cell viability, proliferation and DNA damage in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) because their effects in lung cells are not known. Our results indicate that all concentrations of DEL and THIA statistically decreased colony formation, plating efficiency and survival fraction in a concentration-dependent manner in BEAS-2B cells expect the lowest concentration for 24 h. MTT assay showed that treatment of DEL + THIA increased the cytotoxicity at higher concentrations. DEL + THIA significantly induced the foci formation of phosphorylated H2AX protein and p53 binding protein 1 at the highest concentration (44 μM DEL+666 μM THIA) for 120 h. Because gH2AX foci number was still higher in the recovery group given an additional 24 h after 120 h, the recovery period was not sufficient for DNA double-strand breaks repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedat Şekeroğlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey.
| | - Barbaros Ertürk
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Zülal Atlı Şekeroğlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
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Şekeroğlu V, Karabıyık A, Şekeroğlu ZA. Co-exposure to deltamethrin and thiacloprid induces cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in human lung cells. Toxicol Ind Health 2020; 36:916-924. [PMID: 33025845 DOI: 10.1177/0748233720964367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Deltamethrin (DEL) and thiacloprid (THIA) are commonly used synthetic insecticides in agriculture either separately or in combination. There is limited information in human cells for the effects of the mixture of DEL + THIA on oxidative stress. Therefore, the present study was designed to examine the effects of the mixture on cell proliferation and oxidative stress in human lung fibroblast cells. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT)-expressing human lung fibroblasts, WTHBF-6 cells, were treated with 2.5 + 37.5, 5 + 75, 12.5 + 187.5, and 25 +375 µM concentrations of DEL + THIA for the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and 5 + 75, 12.5 + 187.5, and 25 + 375 µM for lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione (GSH) assays for 24, 48, and 72 h in the absence and presence of metabolizing fractions of the mammalian liver (S9 mixture). Both the mixture of DEL + THIA and their metabolites significantly reduced cell viability and induced cytotoxicity in WTHBF-6 cells, especially at higher concentrations. The mixture of DEL + THIA significantly decreased GSH levels at the highest concentration for all treatment times and at the highest two concentrations (12.5 + 187.5 and 25 + 375 µM) for 72 h in the presence of S9 mixture. The highest concentration of DEL + THIA mixture caused a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level at 72 h in the absence of S9 mixture. There were also significant increases in MDA levels at the highest concentration for 48-h and all concentrations of DEL + THIA for 72-h treatment in WTHBF-6 cell cultures with S9. These data showed that the mixture of DEL + THIA and their metabolites can induce cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in human lung fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedat Şekeroğlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Alperen Karabıyık
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Zülal Atlı Şekeroğlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
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11
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Impact of pesticide exposure on adipose tissue development and function. Biochem J 2020; 477:2639-2653. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a leading cause of morbidity, mortality and health care expenditure whose incidence is rapidly rising across the globe. Although the cause of the obesity epidemic is typically viewed as a product of an increased availability of high calorie foods and/or a reduction in physical activity, there is mounting evidence that exposure to synthetic chemicals in our environment may play an important role. Pesticides, are a class of chemicals whose widespread use has coincided with the global rise of obesity over the past two decades. Importantly, given their lipophilic nature many pesticides have been shown to accumulate with adipose tissue depots, suggesting they may be disrupting the function of white adipose tissue (WAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT) and beige adipose tissue to promote obesity and metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. In this review, we discuss epidemiological evidence linking pesticide exposure with body mass index (BMI) and the incidence of diabetes. We then review preclinical studies in rodent models which have directly evaluated the effects of different classes of insecticides and herbicides on obesity and metabolic dysfunction. Lastly, we review studies conducted in adipose tissue cells lines and the purported mechanisms by which pesticides may induce alterations in adipose tissue function. The review of the literature reveals major gaps in our knowledge regarding human exposure to pesticides and our understanding of whether physiologically relevant concentrations promote obesity and elicit alterations in key signaling pathways vital for maintaining adipose tissue metabolism.
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12
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Wang G, Ahmeda A, Malek Z, Mansooridara S, Zangeneh A, Zangeneh MM. Chemical characterization and therapeutic properties of
Achillea biebersteinii
leaf aqueous extract synthesized copper nanoparticles against methamphetamine‐induced cell death in PC12: A study in the nanotechnology and neurology fields. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery Xi'an No.1 Hospital, No.30 South Street Powder Lane, Beilin District Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710002 China
| | - Ahmad Ahmeda
- College of Medicine, QU HealthQatar University Doha Qatar
| | - Zahra Malek
- Medical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences BranchIslamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Shirin Mansooridara
- Medical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences BranchIslamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Akram Zangeneh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineRazi University Kermanshah Iran
- Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research CenterIlam University of Medical Sciences Ilam Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Zangeneh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineRazi University Kermanshah Iran
- Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research CenterIlam University of Medical Sciences Ilam Iran
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Ji X, Liu T, Zhao S, Li J, Li L, Wang E. WISP-2, an upregulated gene in hip cartilage from the DDH model rats, induces chondrocyte apoptosis through PPARγ in vitro. FASEB J 2020; 34:4904-4917. [PMID: 32058630 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901915r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chondrocyte apoptosis plays an important role in the developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) development. It has been found that WNT1 inducible signaling pathway protein 2 (WISP-2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) are involved in cell apoptosis. In this study, we performed the straight-leg swaddling DDH rat model and we found that cartilage degradation and chondrocyte apoptosis were remarkably increased in DDH rats in vivo. Moreover, we found that WISP-2 was upregulated in hip acetabular cartilage of DDH rats compared to control rats. Next, the effects of WISP-2 on chondrocyte apoptosis and its possible underlying mechanism were examined in vitro. The lentivirus-mediated gain- and loss-of-function experiments of WISP-2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) for cell viability and apoptosis were performed in primary rat chondrocytes. The results showed that the overexpression of WISP-2 induced chondrocyte apoptosis, and knockdown of WISP-2 could suppress the chondrocyte apoptosis induced by advanced glycation end products (AGE). Additionally, WISP-2 could negatively regulate the expression of PPARγ in chondrocytes. Moreover, the knockdown of PPARγ promoted chondrocyte apoptosis and overexpression of PPARγ abated the increased apoptosis and decreased cell viability of chondrocytes induced by WISP-2. This study demonstrated that WISP-2 might contribute to chondrocyte apoptosis of hip acetabular cartilage through regulating PPARγ expression and activation, which may play an important role in the development of DDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglu Ji
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianjing Liu
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyi Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianyong Li
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Enbo Wang
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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Pyrethroid exposure and neurotoxicity: a mechanistic approach. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2019; 70:74-89. [DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2019-70-3263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Pyrethroids are a class of synthetic insecticides that are used widely in and around households to control the pest. Concerns about exposure to this group of pesticides are now mainly related to their neurotoxicity and nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration seen in Parkinson’s disease. The main neurotoxic mechanisms include oxidative stress, inflammation, neuronal cell loss, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The main neurodegeneration targets are ion channels. However, other receptors, enzymes, and several signalling pathways can also participate in disorders induced by pyrethroids. The aim of this review is to elucidate the main mechanisms involved in neurotoxicity caused by pyrethroids deltamethrin, permethrin, and cypermethrin. We also review common targets and pathways of Parkinson’s disease therapy, including Nrf2, Nurr1, and PPARγ, and how they are affected by exposure to pyrethroids. We conclude with possibilities to be addressed by future research of novel methods of protection against neurological disorders caused by pesticides that may also find their use in the management/treatment of Parkinson’s disease.
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王 虎, 樊 嘉, 陈 婉, 高 震, 张 桂, 吴 海, 俞 小. [Activation of PPARγ pathway enhances cellular anti-oxidant capacity to protect long-term cultured primary rat neural cells from apoptosis]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2019; 39:23-29. [PMID: 30692062 PMCID: PMC6765588 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2019.01.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the protective effect of enhanced peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) pathway against apoptosis of long-term cultured primary nerve cells. METHODS A natural aging model was established in primary rat nerve cells by long-term culture for 22 days. The cells were divided into control group, 0.1, 1.0, 5.0, and 10 μmol/L GW9662 intervention groups, and 0.1, 1.0, 5.0, and 10 μmol/L pioglitazone intervention groups. The cell viability was assessed using MTT assay and the cell morphological changes were observed after the treatments to determine the optimal concentrations of GW9662 and pioglitazone. Double immunofluorescence labeling and flow cytometry were used to observe the changes in the number of viable cells and cell apoptosis following the treatments; immunocytochemical staining was used to assess the changes in the anti-oxidation ability of the treated cells. RESULTS The optimal concentrations of GW9662 and pioglitazone determined based on the cell viability and morphological changes were both 1 μmol/L. Compared with the control group, GW9662 treatment significantly lowered while pioglitazone significantly increased the total cell number and nerve cell counts (P < 0.05), and nerve cells in the cell cultures maintained a constant ratio at about 80% in all the groups (P > 0.05). GW9662 significantly enhanced while pioglitazone significantly lowered the cell apoptosis rates compared with the control group (P < 0.05). GW9662 obviously lowered SOD activity and GSH content in G group (P < 0.05) and increased MDA content in the cells (P < 0.05), and pioglitazone resulted in reverse changes in SOD, GSH and MDA contents in the cells (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Activation of PPARγ pathway protects long-term cultured primary nerve cells by enhancing cellular anti-oxidant capacity and reducing cell apoptosis, suggesting a potential strategy for anti-aging treatment of the nervous system through intervention of the PPARγ pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- 虎清 王
- 西安交通大学医学院第二附属医院神经内科,陕西 西安 710004Department of Neurology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - 嘉欣 樊
- 西安交通大学医学院第二附属医院神经内科,陕西 西安 710004Department of Neurology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - 婉莹 陈
- 西安交通大学医学院第二附属医院神经内科,陕西 西安 710004Department of Neurology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - 震 高
- 西安交通大学医学院第二附属医院神经内科,陕西 西安 710004Department of Neurology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - 桂莲 张
- 西安交通大学医学院第二附属医院神经内科,陕西 西安 710004Department of Neurology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - 海琴 吴
- 西安交通大学医学院第二附属医院神经内科,陕西 西安 710004Department of Neurology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - 小瑞 俞
- 西安交通大学医学院医学中心生物化学和分子生物学系,陕西 西安 710004Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710004, China
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Zhou X, Zhang R, Zou Z, Shen X, Xie T, Xu C, Dong J, Liao L. Hypoglycaemic effects of glimepiride in sulfonylurea receptor 1 deficient rat. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 176:478-490. [PMID: 30471094 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Sulfonylureas (SUs) have been suggested to have an insulin-independent blood glucose-decreasing activity due to an extrapancreatic effect. However, a lack of adequate in vivo evidence makes this statement controversial. Here, we aimed to evaluate whether glimepiride has extrapancreatic blood glucose-lowering activity in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Sulfonylurea receptor 1 deficient (SUR1-/- ) rats were created by means of transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN)-mediated gene targeting technology. Type 2 diabetic models were established by feeding a high-fat diet and administering a low-dose of streptozotocin. These rats were then randomly divided into four groups: glimepiride, gliclazide, metformin and saline. All rats were treated for 2 weeks. KEY RESULTS Glimepiride decreased blood glucose levels and increased insulin sensitivity without elevating insulin levels. Gliclazide showed similar effects as glimepiride. Both agents were weaker than metformin. Further mechanistic investigations revealed that glimepiride increased hepatic glycogen synthesis and decreased gluconeogenesis, which were accompanied by the activation of Akt in the liver. Moreover, glimepiride increased both total and membrane glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) levels in muscle and fat, which might be attributed to insulin receptor-independent IRS1/Akt activation. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Glimepiride possesses an extrapancreatic blood glucose-lowering effect in vivo, which might be attributed to its direct effect on insulin-sensitive tissues. Therefore, the combination of glimepiride with multiple insulin injections should not be excluded per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiwei Zou
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xue Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tianyue Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chunmei Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianjun Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Liao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Chirumbolo S, Bjørklund G. Pyrethroid pesticides in the autophagy/apoptosis balance: Role in adipocyte lipidogenesis. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 106:568-569. [PMID: 28377267 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council of Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Mo i Rana, Norway
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