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Núñez-Rico JL, Cabezas-Giménez J, Lillo V, Balestra SRG, Galán-Mascarós JR, Calero S, Vidal-Ferran A. TAMOF-1 as a Versatile and Predictable Chiral Stationary Phase for the Resolution of Racemic Mixtures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:39594-39605. [PMID: 37579193 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have become promising materials for multiple applications due to their controlled dimensionality and tunable properties. The incorporation of chirality into their frameworks opens new strategies for chiral separation, a key technology in the pharmaceutical industry as each enantiomer of a racemic drug must be isolated. Here, we describe the use of a combination of computational modeling and experiments to demonstrate that high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) columns packed with TAMOF-1 as the chiral stationary phase are efficient, versatile, robust, and reusable with a wide array of mobile phases (polar and non-polar). As proof of concept, in this article, we report the resolution with TAMOF-1 HPLC columns of nine racemic mixtures with different molecular sizes, geometries, and functional groups. Initial in silico studies allowed us to predict plausible separations in chiral compounds from different families, including terpenes, calcium channel blockers, or P-stereogenic compounds. The experimental data confirmed the validity of the models and the robust performance of TAMOF-1 columns. The added value of in silico screening is an unprecedented achievement in chiral chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Núñez-Rico
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA) and the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry and the Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), C/Martí i Franqués 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juanjo Cabezas-Giménez
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA) and the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), C/Marcel lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Vanesa Lillo
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA) and the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Salvador R G Balestra
- Materials Science Institute of Madrid, Spanish National Research Council (ICMM-CSIC), C/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. Utrera km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - José Ramón Galán-Mascarós
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA) and the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sofía Calero
- Materials Simulation and Modelling, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anton Vidal-Ferran
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry and the Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), C/Martí i Franqués 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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Mangó K, Kiss ÁF, Fekete F, Erdős R, Monostory K. CYP2B6 allelic variants and non-genetic factors influence CYP2B6 enzyme function. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2984. [PMID: 35194103 PMCID: PMC8863776 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human CYP2B6 enzyme although constitutes relatively low proportion (1–4%) of hepatic cytochrome P450 content, it is the major catalyst of metabolism of several clinically important drugs (efavirenz, cyclophosphamide, bupropion, methadone). High interindividual variability in CYP2B6 function, contributing to impaired drug-response and/or adverse reactions, is partly elucidated by genetic polymorphisms, whereas non-genetic factors can significantly modify the CYP2B6 phenotype. The influence of genetic and phenoconverting non-genetic factors on CYP2B6-selective activity and CYP2B6 expression was investigated in liver tissues from Caucasian subjects (N = 119). Strong association was observed between hepatic S-mephenytoin N-demethylase activity and CYP2B6 mRNA expression (P < 0.0001). In less than one third of the tissue donors, the CYP2B6 phenotype characterized by S-mephenytoin N-demethylase activity and/or CYP2B6 expression was concordant with CYP2B6 genotype, whereas in more than 35% of the subjects, an altered CYP2B6 phenotype was attributed to phenoconverting non-genetic factors (to CYP2B6-specific inhibitors and inducers, non-specific amoxicillin + clavulanic acid treatment and chronic alcohol consumption, but not to the gender). Furthermore, CYP2B6 genotype–phenotype mismatch still existed in one third of tissue donors. In conclusion, identifying potential sources of CYP2B6 variability and considering both genetic variations and non-genetic factors is a pressing requirement for appropriate elucidation of CYP2B6 genotype–phenotype mismatch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Mangó
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Ferenc Kiss
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fekete
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Réka Erdős
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Katalin Monostory
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
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Characterization of human pregnane X receptor activators identified from a screening of the Tox21 compound library. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 184:114368. [PMID: 33333074 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The pregnane X receptor (PXR; NR1I2) is an important nuclear receptor whose main function is to regulate enzymes within drug metabolism. The main drug metabolizing enzyme regulated by PXR, cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4, accounts for the metabolism of nearly 50% of all marketed drugs. Recently, PXR has also been identified as playing a role in energy homeostasis, immune response, and cancer. Due to its interaction with these important roles, alongside its drug-drug interaction function, it is imperative to identify compounds which can modulate PXR. In this study, we screened the Tox21 10,000 compound collection to identify hPXR agonists using a stable hPXR-Luc HepG2 cell line. A pharmacological study in the presence of a PXR antagonist was performed to confirm the activity of the chosen potential hPXR agonists in the same cells. Finally, metabolically competent cell lines - HepaRG and HepaRG-PXR-Knockout (KO) - were used to further confirm the potential PXR activators. We identified a group of structural clusters and singleton compounds which included potentially novel hPXR agonists. Of the 21 selected compounds, 11 potential PXR activators significantly induced CYP3A4 mRNA expression in HepaRG cells. All of these compounds lost their induction when treating HepaRG-PXR-KO cells, confirming their PXR activation. Etomidoline presented as a potentially selective agonist of PXR. In conclusion, the current study has identified 11 compounds as potentially novel or not well-characterized PXR activators. These compounds should further be studied for their potential effects on drug metabolism and drug-drug interactions due to the immense implications of being a PXR agonist.
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Ikemura N, Yamaori S, Kobayashi C, Kamijo S, Murayama N, Yamazaki H, Ohmori S. Inhibitory effects of antihypertensive drugs on human cytochrome P450 2J2 activity: Potent inhibition by azelnidipine and manidipine. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 306:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Influence of Amlodipine Enantiomers on Human Microsomal Cytochromes P450: Stereoselective Time-Dependent Inhibition of CYP3A Enzyme Activity. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111879. [PMID: 29099769 PMCID: PMC6150391 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Amlodipine (AML) is available as a racemate, i.e., a mixture of R- and S-enantiomers. Its inhibitory potency towards nine cytochromes P450 (CYP) was studied to evaluate the drug–drug interactions between the enantiomers. Enzyme inhibition was evaluated using specific CYP substrates in human liver microsomes. With CYP3A, both enantiomers exhibited reversible and time-dependent inhibition. S-AML was a stronger reversible inhibitor of midazolam hydroxylation: the Ki values of S- and R-AML were 8.95 µM, 14.85 µM, respectively. Computational docking confirmed that the enantiomers interact differently with CYP3A: the binding free energy of S-AML in the active site was greater than that for R-AML (−7.6 vs. −6.7 kcal/mol). Conversely, R-AML exhibited more potent time-dependent inhibition of CYP3A activity (KI 8.22 µM, Kinact 0.065 min−1) than S-AML (KI 14.06 µM, Kinact 0.041 min−1). R-AML was also a significantly more potent inhibitor of CYP2C9 (Ki 12.11 µM/S-AML 21.45 µM) and CYP2C19 (Ki 5.97 µM/S-AML 7.22 μM. In conclusion, results indicate that clinical use of S-AML has an advantage not only because of greater pharmacological effect, but also because of fewer side effects and drug–drug interactions with cytochrome P450 substrates due to absence of R-AML.
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Stepankova M, Pastorkova B, Bachleda P, Dvorak Z. Itraconazole cis-diastereoisomers activate aryl hydrocarbon receptor AhR and pregnane X receptor PXR and induce CYP1A1 in human cell lines and human hepatocytes. Toxicology 2017; 383:40-49. [PMID: 28390928 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Triazole antimycotic itraconazole contains in its structure three chiral centres; therefore, it forms eight stereoisomers. Commercial preparations of itraconazole are a mixture of four cis-diastereoisomers. There is much evidence that efficacy, adverse effects, and toxicity of chiral drugs may be stereospecific. Therefore, we have prepared 4 pure cis-diastereoisomers of itraconazole and investigated their effects on transcriptional activities of xenoreceptors aryl hydrocarbon receptor AhR and pregnane X receptor PXR. Gene reporter assays showed that itraconazole dose-dependently activated both AhR and PXR, and the activation of AhR but not of PXR was enantiospecific. Itraconazole diastereoisomers transformed AhR and PXR into their DNA-binding forms, as demonstrated by electromobility shift assays. Cytochrome P450 CYP1A1 mRNA and protein were induced by itraconazole diastereoisomers in human hepatoma cells HepG2, human skin cells HaCaT, and in primary human hepatocytes. The expression of CYP3A4 in human intestinal LS180 cells was not influenced by itraconazole, but we observed downregulation of CYP3A4 in human hepatocytes. Collectively, we show that itraconazole is a dual activator of AhR and PXR, with differential effects on the target genes for xenoreceptors. The enantiospecific pattern was observed only in gene reporter assays for AhR. The data presented here might be of toxicological and clinical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Stepankova
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Pastorkova
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Bachleda
- 2nd Department of Surgery, University Hospital Olomouc, I.P. Pavlova 6, 775 20 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Dvorak
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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