MircoRNA-143-3p regulating ARL6 is involved in the cadmium-induced inhibition of osteogenic differentiation in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

Epigallocatechin gallate protects MC3T3-E1 cells from cadmium-induced apoptosis and dysfunction via modulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), an active constituent of tea, is recognized for its anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the specific mechanism by which EGCG protects osteoblasts from cadmium-induced damage remains incompletely understood. Here, the action of EGCG was investigated by exposing MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts to EGCG and CdCl2 and examining their growth, apoptosis, and differentiation. It was found that EGCG promoted the viability of cadmium-exposed MC3T3-E1 cells, mitigated apoptosis, and promoted both maturation and mineralization. Additionally, CdCl2 has been reported to inhibit both the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1(Nrf2/HO-1) signaling pathways. EGCG treatment attenuated cadmium-induced apoptosis in osteoblasts and restored their function by upregulating both signaling pathways. The findings provide compelling evidence for EGCG's role in attenuating cadmium-induced osteoblast apoptosis and dysfunction through activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways. This suggests the potential of using EGCG for treating cadmium-induced osteoblast dysfunction.

Mechanisms of Heavy Metal Cadmium (Cd)-Induced Malignancy

The environmental pollution of cadmium is worsening, and its significant carcinogenic effects on humans have been confirmed. Cadmium can induce cancer through various signaling pathways, including the ERK/JNK/p38MAPK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, NF-κB, and Wnt. It can also cause cancer by directly damaging DNA and inhibiting DNA repair systems, or through epigenetic mechanisms such as abnormal DNA methylation, LncRNA, and microRNA. However, the detailed mechanisms of Cd-induced cancer are still not fully understood and require further investigation.

N6-Methyladenosine in Cell-Fate Determination of BMSCs: From Mechanism to Applications

The methylation of adenosine base at the nitrogen-6 position is referred to as "N6-methyladenosine (m6A)" and is one of the most prevalent epigenetic modifications in eukaryotic mRNA and noncoding RNA (ncRNA). Various m6A complex components known as "writers," "erasers," and "readers" are involved in the function of m6A. Numerous studies have demonstrated that m6A plays a crucial role in facilitating communication between different cell types, hence influencing the progression of diverse physiological and pathological phenomena. In recent years, a multitude of functions and molecular pathways linked to m6A have been identified in the osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Nevertheless, a comprehensive summary of these findings has yet to be provided. In this review, we primarily examined the m6A alteration of transcripts associated with transcription factors (TFs), as well as other crucial genes and pathways that are involved in the differentiation of BMSCs. Meanwhile, the mutual interactive network between m6A modification, miRNAs, and lncRNAs was intensively elucidated. In the last section, given the beneficial effect of m6A modification in osteogenesis and chondrogenesis of BMSCs, we expounded upon the potential utility of m6A-related therapeutic interventions in the identification and management of human musculoskeletal disorders manifesting bone and cartilage destruction, such as osteoporosis, osteomyelitis, osteoarthritis, and bone defect.

The interaction between miRNAs and hazardous materials

Toxic agents are broadly present in the environment, households, and workplaces. Contamination of food and drinking water with these agents results in entry of these materials to the body. The crosstalk between these agents and microRNAs (miRNAs) affects pathoetiology of several disorders. These agents can influence the redox status, release of inflammatory cytokines and mitochondrial function. Altered expression of miRNA is involved in the dysregulation of several pathophysiological conditions and signaling pathways. These molecules are also implicated in the adaption to environmental stimuli. Thus, the interactions between miRNAs and toxic materials might participate in the hazardous effects of these materials in the body. This review describes the effects of the toxic materials on miRNAs and the consequences of these interactions on the human health.

Cerebellar injury induced by cadmium via disrupting the heat-shock response

Cadmium (Cd) is a food contaminant that poses serious threats to animal health, including birds. It is also an air pollutant with well-known neurotoxic effects on humans. However, knowledge on the neurotoxic effects of chronic Cd exposure on chicken is limited. Thus, this study assessed the neurotoxic effects of chronic Cd on chicken cerebellum. Chicks were exposed to 0 (control), 35 (low), and 70 (high) mg/kg of Cd for 90 days, and the expression of genes related to the heat-shock response was investigated. The chickens showed clinical symptoms of ataxia, and histopathology revealed that Cd exposure decreased the number of Purkinje cells and induced degeneration of Purkinje cells with pyknosis, and some dendrites were missing. Moreover, Cd exposure increased the expression of heat-shock factors, HSF1, HSF2, and HSF3, and heat-shock proteins, HSP60, HSP70, HSP90, and HSP110. These changes indicate that HSPs improve the tolerance of the cerebellum to Cd. Conversely, the expressions of HSP10, HSP25, and HSP40 were decreased significantly, which indicated that Cd inhibits the expression of small heat-shock proteins. However, HSP27 and HSP47 were upregulated following low-dose Cd exposure, but downregulated under high-dose Cd exposure. This work sheds light on the toxic effects of Cd on the cerebellum, and it may provide evidence for health risks posed by Cd. Additionally, this work also identified a novel target of Cd exposure in that Cd induces cerebellar injury by disrupting the heat-shock response. Cd can be absorbed into chicken's cerebellum through the food chain, which eventually caused cerebellar injury. This study provided a new insight that chronic Cd-induced neurotoxicity in the cerebellum is associated with alterations in heat-shock response-related genes, which indicated that Cd through disturbing heat-shock response induced cerebellar injury.

Micro/nano-topography promotes osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stem cells by regulating periostin expression

Micro/nano-topography (MNT) is an important factor affecting cell response. Earlier studies using titania (TiO₂) nanotube as a model of MNT found that they mediated the differentiation of BMSCs into osteoblasts, but the mechanisms are not fully understood. Surprisingly, Periostin (Postn), a secreted protein involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) construction and promoting osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs), was previously observed to significantly up-regulated on TiO₂ nanotube. We proposed that Postn may act as a MNT signal transduction role. In this study, we investigated the effect of MNT on Postn, and the influence of Postn on osteogenic differentiation-related genes through focal adhesion and downstream signals. It was found that, titanium (Ti) plates carrying TiO₂ nanotubes with diameters of ∼100 nm (TNT-100) significantly up-regulated the expression of Postn compared with flat Ti. Furthermore, Postn activated the downstream focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signal pathway and β-catenin into the nucleus by interacting with integrin αV. Surprisingly, TNT-100 up-regulated the transcription level of Wnt3a, which was independent of the up-regulation of Postn. This new Postn signaling pathway may provide more insights into the signal transduction mechanism of MNT and development of biomaterials with improved osteogenic properties.

Low-dose cadmium exposure promotes osteoclastogenesis by enhancing autophagy via inhibiting the mTOR/p70S6K1 signaling pathway

Cadmium (Cd)-induced bone damage may be mediated through activating osteoclastogenesis. However, the underlying mechanism is unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect and possible mechanism of CdCl₂-induced osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 cells. We found that a low concentration of CdCl₂ (0.025 and 0.050 µM) did not affect the viability of RAW264.7 cells, but promoted osteoclastogenesis. A low concentration of CdCl₂ increased the mRNA and protein expression of osteoclastogenesis-related genes. TRAP staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) also demonstrated that CdCl₂ promoted osteoclastogenesis. A low concentration of CdCl₂ upregulated the levels of LC3-II and Beclin-1, and decreased p62 expression. TEM showed relatively abundant autophagic vacuoles (autophagosomes) after CdCl₂ exposure. A low concentration of CdCl₂ downregulated the expression levels of Mtor and p70S6K1, and the relative protein expression ratios of p-mTOR/mTOR and p-p70S6K1/p70S6K1. When cells were treated with the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) or mTOR activator MHY1485 combined with CdCl₂, the expressions of osteoclastogenesis related-genes were decreased and autophagy was attenuated compared with cells treated with CdCl₂ alone. Deficiencies in autophagosomes and osteoclasts were also observed. Taken together, the results indicate that a low concentration of CdCl₂ promotes osteoclastogenesis by enhancing autophagy via inhibiting the mTOR/p70S6K1 signaling pathway.

MicroRNA-1592 in the Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Inhibits the Glioma Development In Vivo and In Vitro

This study evaluated the role of miRNA-1592 (miR-1592) carried by exosomes that originated from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) in glioma. BMSCs were cultured and identified, followed by being co-cultured with glioma cells to measure cell invasion, metastasis, and apoptosis by transwell assay and flow cytometry, cell proliferation by MTT, PI3K/AKT signal protein expression by western blot. BMSC-originated exosomes with different concentrations were used as a treatment strategy for established tumor models. The tumor volume was measured and tumor tissues were harvested for immunohistochemistry and immunoblot analysis. After co-culture with BMSC-originated exosomes, glioma cells showed an up-regulated transcription of miR-1592, along with inhibited phosphorylation and activation of PI3K/AKT signal pathway. Moreover, glioma cells exhibited reduced migration and invasiveness In Vitro, which was accompanied by diminished levels of proteins involved in cellular invasiveness. Simultaneously, co-culture with BMSC-originated exosomes can restrain glioma cell proliferation via facilitating cell apoptosis In Vivo and In Vitro. In conclusion, exosome-encapsulated microRNA-1592 from BMSCs can suppress the In Vivo and In Vitro development of glioma through interfering with PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

C-X-C Chemokine Receptor Type 4 (CXCR-4) Selective Allosteric Agonist ATI2341 TFA Promotes Uterine Repair in Asherman Syndrome

Our study elucidated the therapeutic effect and mechanism of CXCR4 functional selective allosteric agonist ATI2341 TFA on treating Asherman syndrome (AS). AS was established by damaging mouse uterus and the bone marrow cells from ubiquitin-GFP mice were transplanted into AS mice. After 2 weeks, PBS, CXCR4 agonist ATI2341 TFA, CXCR4 antagonist or combined drugs were administrated into mice followed by analysis of detect pregnancy rate, litter size and pregnancy cycle. In AS model, ATI2341 TFA administration promoted BMSCs recruitment into uterine, which was inhibited by CXCL12 receptor antagonist ADM3100. In addition, ATI2341 TFA administration mitigated the degree of endometrial fibrosis, which was exacerbated by ADM3100. ATI2341 TFA administration also improved the fertility and the number of litter and shorten the pregnancy cycle of mice, while ADM3100 exhibited the opposite impacts. In conclusion, CXCR4 receptor agonist alleviates the infertility or adverse pregnancy outcomes possibly through promoting the recruitment of BMSCs in AS mice.

The Emerging Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are more easily available and frequently used for bone regeneration in clinics. Osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs involves complex regulatory networks affecting bone formation phenomena. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) refer to RNAs that do not encode proteins, mainly including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs, piwi-interacting RNAs, transfer RNA-derived small RNAs, etc. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies had revealed the regulatory role of ncRNAs in osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. NcRNAs had both stimulatory and inhibitory effects on osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. During the physiological condition, osteo-stimulatory ncRNAs are upregulated and osteo-inhibitory ncRNAs are downregulated. The opposite effects might occur during bone degenerative disease conditions. Intracellular ncRNAs and ncRNAs from neighboring cells delivered via exosomes participate in the regulatory process of osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the regulatory role of ncRNAs on osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs during physiological and pathological conditions. We also discuss the prospects of the application of modulation of ncRNAs function in BMSCs to promote bone tissue regeneration in clinics.

MiR-449b-5p Regulates the Proliferation and Migration of Cervical Cancer Cells by Targeting Forkhead Box Protein P1 (FOXP1)

This study intends to assess miR-449b-5p’s effect on cervical cancer (CC) cells and its mechanism. After transfection of miR-449b-5p mimics, inhibitor, si-Foxp1 and negative control, CC cell viability was analyzed by MTT along with analysis of migration and invasion by transwell and scratch test, and Foxp1 protein level by Western blot. CC cells presented a significantly higher miR-449b-5p level and lower Foxp1 level in relative to normal cervical cells. miR-449b-5p mimic transfection significantly promoted CC cell viability, migration and invasion and decreased Foxp1 expression. However, all the above changes were significantly reversed after treatment with si-Foxp1. In conclusion, miR-449b-5p level is elevated in CC cells and its overexpression promotes the biological behaviors of CC cells possibly through targeting Foxp1, indicating that it might be a new target for the treatment of CC.

Exosomal MicroRNA-23-5p Derived from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Relieves Inflammatory Response in Rheumatoid Arthritis

We aimed to explore the mechanism underlying microRNA-23-5p from exosomes (exo-miR-23-5p) of BMSCs in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The candidate related genes of miR-23-5p were screened in RA by bioinformatics analysis through gain- and loss-function method along with analysis of histopathological changes in mice and RAC2 expression as well as the level of pro-inflammatory factors. In vivo RA model was established to detect miR-23-5p’s effect on RA. miR-23-5p level was significantly reduced in RA cells and RAC2 was highly expressed. Expression of RAC2 was inhibited and targeted by miR-23-5p in RA. Exo-miR-23-5p treatment effectively alleviated joint destruction, reduced inflammatory factor secretion in tissues and serum, as well as decreased RAC2 expression in RA model. In conclusion, the miR-23-5p in the BMSC-exo delays the inflammatory response in RA, indicating that it might be a new target for treating RA.

Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs)-Exosome Carrying MiRNA-312 Inhibits Sevoflurane-Induced Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis Through Activation of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Protein Kinase B (PI3K/AKT) Pathway

This study was to explore the mechanism by how exosomes (exo) derived from BMSCs affects cardiomyocyte apoptosis. BMSCs were isolated and incubated with cardiomyocytes while the cardiomyocytes were exposed to sevoflurane or DMSO treatment. Apoptotic cells were calculated and level of apoptosis related proteins was detected by Western blot. Through transfection with microRNA-(miRNA)-312 inhibitor, we evaluated the effect of BMSC-exo on the sevoflurane-induced apoptosis. Sevoflurane significantly inhibited the viability of cardiomyocytes and induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Besides, sevoflurane decreased the expression of miR-312 and enhanced Bax expression in cardiomyocytes through restraining the phosphorylation of MAPK/ERK. Treatment with BMSC-exo, however, activated MAPK/ERK signaling by up-regulating miR-312, thereby inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis, promoting cardiomyocyte proliferation, and elevating the level of Bcl-2. In conclusion, BMSC-exo-derived miR-312 inhibits sevoflurane-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Overexpression of long noncoding RNA MCM3AP-AS1 promotes osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells via miR-143-3p/IGFBP5 axis

MCM3AP-AS1 regulates the cartilage repair in osteoarthritis, but how it regulates osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) remains to be determined. DPSCs were isolated and induced for osteogenic differentiation. MCM3AP-AS1 expression was increased along with the osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs, whose expression was positive correlated with those of OCN, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and RUNX2. On contrary, miR-143-3p expression was decreased along with the osteogenic differentiation and was negatively correlated with those of OCN, ALP and RUNX2. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay showed that miR-143-3p can be negatively regulated by MCM3AP-AS1 and can regulate IGFBP5. MCM3AP-AS1 overexpression increased the expression levels of osteogenesis-specific genes, ALP activity and mineralized nodules during DPSC osteogenic differentiation, while IGFBP5 knockdown or miR-143-3p overexpression counteracted the effect of MCM3AP-AS1 overexpression in DPSCs. Therefore, this study demonstrated the role of MCM3AP-AS1/miR-143-3p/IGFBP5 axis in regulating DPSC osteogenic differentiation.

MicroRNA-3100 from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs) Exosomes Alleviates Autoimmune Arthritis in Mice via Regulating Forkhead Box P3 Acetylase

To study the effect and mechanism of microRNA-3100 from exosome of BMSCs on autoimmune arthritis in mice. CIA mice model was established and treated with BMSCs exosomes or DMSO. The expression of Foxp3 was detected by PCR and Western blot. The Treg/Th17 population of T cells and the expression of related inflammatory factors were analyzed by flow cytometry. BMSCs trans-fected with MicroRNA-3100 inhibitor or MicroRNA-3100 was used to treat CIA mice through intravenous injection. The levels of Foxp3 and its acetylation, Treg/Th17 differentiation and inflammatory factors were detected, and the synovial tissues of mice were collected for analysis of its inflammatory infiltration. RA rats exhibited down-regulated Treg population and increased Th17 population in PBMC and SF, accompanied by reduced Foxp3 and acetylated Foxp3 expression, suppressed Tip60 expression in SF, in relative to normal control. However, exosomes of BMSCs administration recovered the changes. Further result showed that exosomes from BMSCs was enriched for miR-3100. miR-3100 inhibitor exposed CD4+ T cell exhibited reduced Tip60 and acetylated-Foxp3 expression, decreased Tregs population and increased Th17 cell population, vice versa as the miR-3100 mimics does. In addition, Tip60 inhibitors NU905 exerted the same effect as miR-3100 inhibitor transfection dose. Finally, miR-3100 overexpression could significantly reduce inflammation and immune cell infiltration, correct the dysfunction between Th17 and Tregs, recovered Tip60 and acetylation Foxp3 expression. MiRNA-3100 is enriched in exosomes of BMSCs, and can up-regulatethe expression of Foxp3, acetylated Foxp3 and Tip60 level, improving the imbalance of Treg/Th17 ratio, and improve autoimmune arthritis in mice.

Long noncoding RNA AC092155 facilitates osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells through the miR-143-3p/STMN1 axis

BACKGROUND

Numerous studies have demonstrated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) induce osteogenesis in adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). This study aimed to explore the role of lncRNAs AC092155 in promoting osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs.

METHODS

MicroRNA (miRNA) and lncRNA sequencing were performed in ADSCs that underwent normal or osteogenic induction. Differentially expressed miRNAs and lncRNAs were identified using R software. The relative expression levels of lncRNA AC092155, miR-143-3p, and STMN1 during the process of osteogenic induction were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). ADSCs were then transfected with agomiR-143-3p and pcDNA3.1-sh-lncRNA AC092155. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red staining (ARS) were used to confirm the regulatory function of the lncRNA AC092155/miR-143-3p/STMN1 axis in osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs.

RESULTS

lncRNA AC092155 was significantly upregulated in ADSCs following induction in the osteogenic medium. lncRNA AC092155 and STMN1 mimics increase the markers of osteogenic differentiation in the early and late phases, which was reflected in increased ALP activity as well as the higher deposition of calcium nodules. An miR-143-3p mimic showed the opposite effect. Luciferase reporter gene analysis demonstrated that lncRNA AC092155 directly targets miR-143-3p. Moreover, the lncRNA AC092155/miR-143-3p/STMN1 regulatory axis was found to activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

CONCLUSIONS

lncRNA AC092155 contributes to the osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs. The lncRNA AC092155/miR-143-3p/STMN1 axis may be a new therapeutic target for bone-related diseases.

Integrated analysis of miRNA and mRNA transcriptomic reveals antler growth regulatory network

The growth of antler is driven by endochondral ossification in the growth center of the apical region. Antler grows faster than cancer tissues, but it can be stably regulated and regenerated periodically. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of how antler grows rapidly without carcinogenesis, in this study, we used RNA-seq technology to evaluate the changes of miRNA and mRNA profiles in antler at four different developmental stages, including 15, 60, 90, and 110 days. We identified a total of 55004 unigenes and 246 miRNAs of which, 10182, 13258, 10740 differentially expressed (DE) unigenes and 35, 53, 27 DE miRNAs were identified in 60-day vs. 15-day, 90-day vs. 60-day, and 110-day vs. 90-day. GO and KEGG pathway analysis indicated that DE unigenes and DE miRNA were mainly associated with chondrogenesis, osteogenesis and inhibition of oncogenesis, that were closely related to antler growth. The interaction networks of mRNA-mRNA and miRNA-mRNA related to chondrogenesis, osteogenesis and inhibition of oncogenesis of antler were constructed. The results indicated that mRNAs (COL2A1, SOX9, WWP2, FGFR1, SPARC, LOX, etc.) and miRNAs (miR-145, miR-199a-3p, miR-140, miR-199a-5p, etc.) might have key roles in chondrogenesis and osteogenesis of antler. As well as mRNA (TP53, Tpm3 and ATP1A1, etc.) and miRNA (miR-106a, miR-145, miR-1260b and miR-2898, etc.) might play important roles in inhibiting the carcinogenesis of antler. In summary, we constructed the mRNA-mRNA and miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks related to chondrogenesis, osteogenesis and inhibition of oncogenesis of antler, and identified key candidate mRNAs and miRNAs among them. Further developments and validations may provide a reference for in-depth analysis of the molecular mechanism of antler growth without carcinogenesis.

MiR-143-3p Inhibits Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Cells by Targeting KLF5 and Inactivating the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway

Human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) play a vital role in cell regeneration and tissue repair with multi-directional differentiation potential. microRNAs (miRs) are implicated in the osteogenesis of hPDLCs. This study explored the mechanism of miR-143-3p in osteogenesis of hPDLCs. Osteogenic differentiation of isolated hPDLCs was induced. KLF5 expression during osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs was detected and then silenced in hPDLCs. Binding relationship between KLF5 and miR-143-3p was predicted and verified. hPDLCs were treated with miR-143-3p mimic or overexpressing KLF5, and then osteogenic specific markers and mineralized nodules were measured. The key factors of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway during osteogenesis of hPDLCs were measured. KLF5 expression was upregulated during osteogenesis of hPDLCs. KLF5 silencing or miR-143-3p mimic reduced osteogenic specific markers and mineralized nodules. Overexpression of KLF5 could reverse the inhibitory effect of miR-143-3p on osteogenic differentiation. miR-143-3p mimic and KLF5 silencing inactivated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway reversed the repression effect of miR-143-3p mimic on osteogenesis of hPDLCs. In conclusion, miR-143-3p inhibited osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs by targeting KLF5 and inactivating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Optimization of Cadmium Adsorption by Magnetic Graphene Oxide Using a Fractional Factorial Design

Graphene materials have attracted increasing interest in water remediation. In this study, magnetic graphene oxide (MGO) was prepared through the modified Hummers method and the adsorption behaviors of cadmium were investigated. Firstly, the sorption kinetics, isotherms, as well as the effects of pH were investigated. Then, fractional factorial design (FFD) was used to optimize the effects of pH, temperature, time, initial concentration of cadmium ion and NaCl on cadmium adsorption. The results indicate that MGO could effectively remove cadmium ions from an aqueous solution and the sorption data could be described well by pseudo-second-order and Freundlich models, showing that the adsorption rate of cadmium ions on MGO is multilayer adsorption and dominated by the chemical adsorption. According to the FFD results, the maximum adsorption capacity of cadmium ions was 13.169 mg/g under the optimum condition of pH value 8, 45 °C, contact time 60 min, initial cadmium concentration of 70 mg/L and NaCl concentration of 100 mg/L. Higher levels of the pH value, temperature and initial cadmium concentration are beneficial to the adsorption process. These results are important for estimating and optimizing the removal of metal ions by MGO composite.