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Chavan RS, Supalkar KV, Sadar SS, Vyawahare NS. Animal models of Alzheimer's disease: An originof innovativetreatments and insight to the disease's etiology. Brain Res 2023; 1814:148449. [PMID: 37302570 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. The main pathogenic features are the development and depositionof senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in brain. Recent developments in the knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms behind Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive disorders have suggested new approaches to treatment development. These advancements have been significantly aided by the use of animal models, which are also essential for the assessment of therapies. Various approaches as transgenic animal model, chemical models, brain injury are used. This review will presentAD pathophysiology and emphasize several Alzheimer like dementia causingchemical substances, transgenic animal model and stereotaxy in order to enhance our existing knowledge of their mechanism of AD induction, dose, and treatment duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu S Chavan
- D. Y. Patil College of Pharmacy, Akurdi, Pune 411044, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Krishna V Supalkar
- D. Y. Patil College of Pharmacy, Akurdi, Pune 411044, Maharashtra, India
| | - Smeeta S Sadar
- D. Y. Patil College of Pharmacy, Akurdi, Pune 411044, Maharashtra, India
| | - Niraj S Vyawahare
- D. Y. Patil College of Pharmacy, Akurdi, Pune 411044, Maharashtra, India
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Sanotra MR, Kao SH, Lee CK, Hsu CH, Huang WC, Chang TC, Tu FY, Hsu IU, Lin YF. Acrolein adducts and responding autoantibodies correlate with metabolic disturbance in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:115. [PMID: 37349844 PMCID: PMC10286356 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01261-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is caused by many intertwining pathologies involving metabolic aberrations. Patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) generally show hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia, which can lead to the formation of aldehydic adducts such as acrolein on peptides in the brain and blood. However, the pathogenesis from MetS to AD remains elusive. METHODS An AD cell model expressing Swedish and Indiana amyloid precursor protein (APP-Swe/Ind) in neuro-2a cells and a 3xTg-AD mouse model were used. Human serum samples (142 control and 117 AD) and related clinical data were collected. Due to the involvement of MetS in AD, human samples were grouped into healthy control (HC), MetS-like, AD with normal metabolism (AD-N), and AD with metabolic disturbance (AD-M). APP, amyloid-beta (Aß), and acrolein adducts in the samples were analyzed using immunofluorescent microscopy, histochemistry, immunoprecipitation, immunoblotting, and/or ELISA. Synthetic Aß1-16 and Aß17-28 peptides were modified with acrolein in vitro and verified using LC-MS/MS. Native and acrolein-modified Aß peptides were used to measure the levels of specific autoantibodies IgG and IgM in the serum. The correlations and diagnostic power of potential biomarkers were evaluated. RESULTS An increased level of acrolein adducts was detected in the AD model cells. Furthermore, acrolein adducts were observed on APP C-terminal fragments (APP-CTFs) containing Aß in 3xTg-AD mouse serum, brain lysates, and human serum. The level of acrolein adducts was correlated positively with fasting glucose and triglycerides and negatively with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, which correspond with MetS conditions. Among the four groups of human samples, the level of acrolein adducts was largely increased only in AD-M compared to all other groups. Notably, anti-acrolein-Aß autoantibodies, especially IgM, were largely reduced in AD-M compared to the MetS group, suggesting that the specific antibodies against acrolein adducts may be depleted during pathogenesis from MetS to AD. CONCLUSIONS Metabolic disturbance may induce acrolein adduction, however, neutralized by responding autoantibodies. AD may be developed from MetS when these autoantibodies are depleted. Acrolein adducts and the responding autoantibodies may be potential biomarkers for not only diagnosis but also immunotherapy of AD, especially in complication with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Renuka Sanotra
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Huei Kao
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Kuo Lee
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsien Hsu
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Heping Fuyou Branch, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei, 231, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, 242, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Tsuei-Chuan Chang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yu Tu
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - I-Uen Hsu
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Yung-Feng Lin
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
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Kuo CW, Chen DH, Tsai MT, Lin CC, Cheng HW, Tsay YG, Wang HT. Pyruvate kinase M2 modification by a lipid peroxidation byproduct acrolein contributes to kidney fibrosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1151359. [PMID: 37007793 PMCID: PMC10050374 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1151359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a hallmark of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and is characterized by an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program and aberrant glycolysis. The underlying mechanisms of renal fibrosis are still poorly understood, and existing treatments are only marginally effective. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehend the pathophysiological mechanisms behind the development of renal fibrosis and to generate novel therapeutic approaches. Acrolein, an α-,β-unsaturated aldehyde, is endogenously produced during lipid peroxidation. Acrolein shows high reactivity with proteins to form acrolein-protein conjugates (Acr-PCs), resulting in alterations in protein function. In previous research, we found elevated levels of Acr-PCs along with kidney injuries in high-fat diet-streptozotocin (HFD-STZ)-induced DN mice. This study used a proteomic approach with an anti-Acr-PC antibody followed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis to identify several acrolein-modified protein targets. Among these protein targets, pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) was found to be modified by acrolein at Cys358, leading to the inactivation of PKM2 contributing to the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis through HIF1α accumulation, aberrant glycolysis, and upregulation of EMT in HFD-STZ-induced DN mice. Finally, PKM2 activity and renal fibrosis in DN mice can be reduced by acrolein scavengers such as hydralazine and carnosine. These results imply that acrolein-modified PKM2 contributes to renal fibrosis in the pathogenesis of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Wei Kuo
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dong-Hao Chen
- Molecular Medicine Program, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsun Tsai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Wei Cheng
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yeou-Guang Tsay
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Tsui Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Doctor Degree Program in Toxicology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Hsiang-Tsui Wang,
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Jiang K, Huang C, Liu F, Zheng J, Ou J, Zhao D, Ou S. Origin and Fate of Acrolein in Foods. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131976. [PMID: 35804791 PMCID: PMC9266280 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acrolein is a highly toxic agent that may promote the occurrence and development of various diseases. Acrolein is pervasive in all kinds of foods, and dietary intake is one of the main routes of human exposure to acrolein. Considering that acrolein is substantially eliminated after its formation during food processing and re-exposed in the human body after ingestion and metabolism, the origin and fate of acrolein must be traced in food. Focusing on molecular mechanisms, this review introduces the formation of acrolein in food and summarises both in vitro and in vivo fates of acrolein based on its interactions with small molecules and biomacromolecules. Future investigation of acrolein from different perspectives is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyu Jiang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (K.J.); (C.H.); (F.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Caihuan Huang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (K.J.); (C.H.); (F.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Fu Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (K.J.); (C.H.); (F.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (K.J.); (C.H.); (F.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Juanying Ou
- Institute of Food Safety & Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;
| | - Danyue Zhao
- Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Shiyi Ou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (K.J.); (C.H.); (F.L.); (J.Z.)
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Innovation Platform for the Safety of Bakery Products, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Correspondence:
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Zhu Z, Lu J, Wang S, Peng W, Yang Y, Chen C, Zhou X, Yang X, Xin W, Chen X, Pi J, Yin W, Yao L, Pi R. Acrolein, an endogenous aldehyde induces synaptic dysfunction in vitro and in vivo: Involvement of RhoA/ROCK2 pathway. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13587. [PMID: 35315217 PMCID: PMC9009232 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acrolein, an unsaturated aldehyde, is increased in the brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and identified as a potential inducer of sporadic AD. Synaptic dysfunction, as a typical pathological change occurring in the early stage of AD, is most closely associated with the severity of dementia. However, there remains a lack of clarity on the mechanisms of acrolein inducing AD-like pathology and synaptic impairment. In this study, acrolein-treated primary cultured neurons and mice were applied to investigate the effects of acrolein on cognitive impairment and synaptic dysfunction and their signaling mechanisms. In vitro, ROCK inhibitors, Fasudil, and Y27632, could attenuate the axon ruptures and synaptic impairment caused by acrolein. Meanwhile, RNA-seq distinct differentially expressed genes in acrolein models and initially linked activated RhoA/Rho-kinase2 (ROCK2) to acrolein-induced synaptic dysfunction, which could regulate neuronal cytoskeleton and neurite. The Morris water maze test and in vivo field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) were performed to evaluate spatial memory and long-term potential (LTP), respectively. Acrolein induced cognitive impairment and attenuated LTP. Furthermore, the protein level of Synapsin 1 and postsynaptic density 95 (PSD95) and dendritic spines density were also decreased in acrolein-exposed mice. These changes were improved by ROCK2 inhibitor Fasudil or in ROCK2+/- mice. Together, our findings suggest that RhoA/ROCK2 signaling pathway plays a critical role in acrolein-induced synaptic damage and cognitive dysfunction, suggesting inhibition of ROCK2 should benefit to the early AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Zhu
- School of Medicine Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Junfeng Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
- Department of Internal Medicine The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Shuyi Wang
- School of Medicine Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Weijia Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Medicine Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Zhongshan School of Medicine Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Xifei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Wenjun Xin
- Zhongshan School of Medicine Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Xinyi Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Jiakai Pi
- Guangzhou Foreign Language School Guangzhou China
| | - Wei Yin
- Zhongshan School of Medicine Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Lin Yao
- Research Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jinan China
| | - Rongbiao Pi
- School of Medicine Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
- International Joint Laboratory<SYSU‐PolyU HK> of Novel Anti‐Dementia Drugs of Guangzhou Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
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Chen Y, Qin W, Wang C. Functional Proteomics Driven by Chemical and Computational Approaches. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Wei Qin
- Peking‐Tsinghua Center for Life Science Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Chu Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- Peking‐Tsinghua Center for Life Science Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Peking University Beijing 100871 China
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Chen C, Lu J, Peng W, Mak MS, Yang Y, Zhu Z, Wang S, Hou J, Zhou X, Xin W, Hu Y, Tsim KWK, Han Y, Liu Q, Pi R. Acrolein, an endogenous aldehyde induces Alzheimer's disease-like pathologies in mice: A new sporadic AD animal model. Pharmacol Res 2022; 175:106003. [PMID: 34838693 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease that mainly affects elderly people. However, the translational research of AD is frustrating, suggesting that the development of new AD animal models is crucial. By gavage administration of acrolein, we constructed a simple sporadic AD animal model which showed classic pathologies of AD in 1 month. The AD-like phenotypes and pathological changes were as followed. 1) olfactory dysfunctions, cognitive impairments and psychological symptoms in C57BL/6 mice; 2) increased levels of Aβ1-42 and Tau phosphorylation (S396/T231) in cortex and hippocampus; 3) astrocytes and microglia proliferation; 4) reduced levels of postsynaptic density 95(PSD95) and Synapsin1, as well as the density of dendritic spines in the CA1 and DG neurons of the hippocampus; 5) high-frequency stimulation failed to induce the long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus after exposure to acrolein for 4 weeks; 6) decreased blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal in the olfactory bulb and induced high T2 signals in the hippocampus, which matched to the clinical observation in the brain of AD patients, and 7) activated RhoA/ROCK2/ p-cofilin-associated pathway in hippocampus of acrolein-treated mice, which may be the causes of synaptic damage and neuroinflammation in acrolein mice model. Taken together, the acrolein-induced sporadic AD mouse model closely reflects the pathological features of AD, which will be useful for the research on the mechanism of AD onset and the development of anti-AD drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Junfeng Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weijia Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Marvin Sh Mak
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; Neurobiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Zeyu Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shuyi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; Neurobiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Jiawei Hou
- Neurobiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Zhongshan school of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wenjun Xin
- Zhongshan school of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yafang Hu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510014, China
| | - Karl Wah Keung Tsim
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yifan Han
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qinyu Liu
- The seventh affiliated hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Rongbiao Pi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; International Joint Laboratory (SYSU-PolyU HK) of Novel Anti-Dementia Drugs of Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510006, China; Neurobiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
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