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Diwan R, Bhatt HN, Beaven E, Nurunnabi M. Emerging delivery approaches for targeted pulmonary fibrosis treatment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 204:115147. [PMID: 38065244 PMCID: PMC10787600 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a progressive, and life-threatening interstitial lung disease which causes scarring in the lung parenchyma and thereby affects architecture and functioning of lung. It is an irreversible damage to lung functioning which is related to epithelial cell injury, immense accumulation of immune cells and inflammatory cytokines, and irregular recruitment of extracellular matrix. The inflammatory cytokines trigger the differentiation of fibroblasts into activated fibroblasts, also known as myofibroblasts, which further increase the production and deposition of collagen at the injury sites in the lung. Despite the significant morbidity and mortality associated with PF, there is no available treatment that efficiently and effectively treats the disease by reversing their underlying pathologies. In recent years, many therapeutic regimens, for instance, rho kinase inhibitors, Smad signaling pathway inhibitors, p38, BCL-xL/ BCL-2 and JNK pathway inhibitors, have been found to be potent and effective in treating PF, in preclinical stages. However, due to non-selectivity and non-specificity, the therapeutic molecules also result in toxicity mediated severe side effects. Hence, this review demonstrates recent advances on PF pathology, mechanism and targets related to PF, development of various drug delivery systems based on small molecules, RNAs, oligonucleotides, peptides, antibodies, exosomes, and stem cells for the treatment of PF and the progress of various therapeutic treatments in clinical trials to advance PF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimpy Diwan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States
| | - Himanshu N Bhatt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States
| | - Elfa Beaven
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States
| | - Md Nurunnabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States; The Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States.
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2
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Martínez-López A, Candel S, Tyrkalska SD. Animal models of silicosis: fishing for new therapeutic targets and treatments. Eur Respir Rev 2023; 32:230078. [PMID: 37558264 PMCID: PMC10424253 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0078-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Silicosis as an occupational lung disease has been present in our lives for centuries. Research studies have already developed and implemented many animal models to study the pathogenesis and molecular basis of the disease and enabled the search for treatments. As all experimental animal models used to date have their advantages and disadvantages, there is a continuous search for a better model, which will not only accelerate basic research, but also contribute to clinical aspects and drug development. We review here, for the first time, the main animal models developed to date to study silicosis and the unique advantages of the zebrafish model that make it an optimal complement to other models. Among the main advantages of zebrafish for modelling human diseases are its ease of husbandry, low maintenance cost, external fertilisation and development, its transparency from early life, and its amenability to chemical and genetic screening. We discuss the use of zebrafish as a model of silicosis, its similarities to other animal models and the characteristics of patients at molecular and clinical levels, and show the current state of the art of inflammatory and fibrotic zebrafish models that could be used in silicosis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Martínez-López
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Pascual Parrilla, Murcia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Sergio Candel
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Pascual Parrilla, Murcia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Sylwia D Tyrkalska
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Pascual Parrilla, Murcia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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3
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Wang Y, Cheng B, Lin YJ, Wang R, Xuan J, Xu HM. Preliminary Study on the Effect and Molecular Mechanism of Tetrandrine in Alleviating Pulmonary Inflammation and Fibrosis Induced by Silicon Dioxide. TOXICS 2023; 11:765. [PMID: 37755775 PMCID: PMC10536946 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11090765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the molecular mechanism of tetrandrine (Tet) in alleviating pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis induced by silica (SiO2) from the perspective of autophagy. C57BL/6J mice were selected as experimental animals, and SiO2 was exposed by intranasal instillation. Tet was intervened by oral gavage. The mice were euthanized on the 7th and 42nd day of SiO2 exposure, and lung tissues were collected for histopathological, molecular biological, immunological, and transmission electron microscopy analysis. The results showed that SiO2 exposure could lead to significant lung inflammation and fibrosis, while Tet could significantly reduce SiO2 exposure-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis. Molecular mechanism research indicated that, compared with SiO2 expose group, Tet intervention could significantly reduce the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and fibrosis markers (TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1, TGF-β1, HYP, Col-I, and Fn), and regulate the expression of key molecules ATG7, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B), and P62 in the autophagy pathway to improve the blocking of autophagic flux, promote the recovery of autophagic lysosomal system function, and inhibit apoptosis. In summary, Tet can alleviate silica-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis, which may be achieved by regulating the expression of key molecules in the autophagy process and associated apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control of Ningxia, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control of Ningxia, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yu-Jia Lin
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control of Ningxia, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control of Ningxia, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Jie Xuan
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- The Fifth People’s Hospital of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Shizuishan 753000, China
| | - Hai-Ming Xu
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control of Ningxia, Yinchuan 750004, China
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4
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Tao H, Zhao H, Mo A, Shao L, Ge D, Liu J, Hu W, Xu K, Ma Q, Wang W, Wang W, Cao H, Mu M, Tao X, Wang J. VX-765 attenuates silica-induced lung inflammatory injury and fibrosis by modulating alveolar macrophages pyroptosis in mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114359. [PMID: 36508797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Silicosis is a diffuse fibrotic lung disease in which excessive inflammatory responses are triggered by silica exposure. Pyroptosis, a pro-inflammatory mode of programmed cell death, is mediated by gasdermin and may play a pivotal role in the development of silicosis. The caspase-1 inhibitor, VX-765, was used in vivo and in vitro to investigate the effects of silica-induced early inflammatory injury and later lung fibrosis. Our findings show that VX-765 reduces inflammatory lung injury by inhibiting silica-induced pyroptosis of alveolar macrophages in a silicosis mouse model. VX-765 limits the infiltration of inflammatory M1 alveolar macrophages, decreasing expression of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, CCL2, and CCL3, and down-regulating endogenous DAMPs and inflammatory immune-related cell pattern recognition receptors TLR4 and NLRP3. Furthermore, VX-765 alleviates fibrosis by down-regulating α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen, and fibronectin. In this study, we illustrate that Alveolar macrophages pyroptosis occur in the early stages of silicosis, and VX-765 can alleviate the development of silicosis by inhibiting the pyroptosis signaling pathway. These results may provide new insight into the prevention and treatment of early-stage silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Tao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Deep Reduction and Occupational Health and Safety of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Huainan, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Prevention and Control & Occupational Health and Safety, Ministry of Education, Huainan, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Huainan, China; School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, China; State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Deep Reduction and Occupational Health and Safety of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Huainan, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Prevention and Control & Occupational Health and Safety, Ministry of Education, Huainan, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Huainan, China; School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, China; State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, China
| | - Aowei Mo
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Luocheng Shao
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Deyong Ge
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Deep Reduction and Occupational Health and Safety of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Huainan, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Prevention and Control & Occupational Health and Safety, Ministry of Education, Huainan, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Huainan, China; School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Jiale Liu
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Wenjian Hu
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Keyi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Deep Reduction and Occupational Health and Safety of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Huainan, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Prevention and Control & Occupational Health and Safety, Ministry of Education, Huainan, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Huainan, China; School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Qianqian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Deep Reduction and Occupational Health and Safety of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Huainan, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Prevention and Control & Occupational Health and Safety, Ministry of Education, Huainan, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Huainan, China; School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Wenfeng Wang
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Deep Reduction and Occupational Health and Safety of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Huainan, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Prevention and Control & Occupational Health and Safety, Ministry of Education, Huainan, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Huainan, China; School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Hangbing Cao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Deep Reduction and Occupational Health and Safety of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Huainan, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Prevention and Control & Occupational Health and Safety, Ministry of Education, Huainan, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Huainan, China; School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Min Mu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Deep Reduction and Occupational Health and Safety of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Huainan, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Prevention and Control & Occupational Health and Safety, Ministry of Education, Huainan, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Huainan, China; School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Xinrong Tao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Deep Reduction and Occupational Health and Safety of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Huainan, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Prevention and Control & Occupational Health and Safety, Ministry of Education, Huainan, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Huainan, China; School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, China.
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Deep Reduction and Occupational Health and Safety of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Huainan, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Prevention and Control & Occupational Health and Safety, Ministry of Education, Huainan, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Huainan, China; School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, China; Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
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5
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Vanka KS, Shukla S, Gomez HM, James C, Palanisami T, Williams K, Chambers DC, Britton WJ, Ilic D, Hansbro PM, Horvat JC. Understanding the pathogenesis of occupational coal and silica dust-associated lung disease. Eur Respir Rev 2022; 31:31/165/210250. [PMID: 35831008 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0250-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Workers in the mining and construction industries are at increased risk of respiratory and other diseases as a result of being exposed to harmful levels of airborne particulate matter (PM) for extended periods of time. While clear links have been established between PM exposure and the development of occupational lung disease, the mechanisms are still poorly understood. A greater understanding of how exposures to different levels and types of PM encountered in mining and construction workplaces affect pathophysiological processes in the airways and lungs and result in different forms of occupational lung disease is urgently required. Such information is needed to inform safe exposure limits and monitoring guidelines for different types of PM and development of biomarkers for earlier disease diagnosis. Suspended particles with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of 10 µm and 2.5 µm are considered biologically active owing to their ability to bypass the upper respiratory tract's defences and penetrate deep into the lung parenchyma, where they induce potentially irreversible damage, impair lung function and reduce the quality of life. Here we review the current understanding of occupational respiratory diseases, including coal worker pneumoconiosis and silicosis, and how PM exposure may affect pathophysiological responses in the airways and lungs. We also highlight the use of experimental models for better understanding these mechanisms of pathogenesis. We outline the urgency for revised dust control strategies, and the need for evidence-based identification of safe level exposures using clinical and experimental studies to better protect workers' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanth Swaroop Vanka
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle/Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shakti Shukla
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Henry M Gomez
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle/Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Carole James
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Thava Palanisami
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CERSE), The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Kenneth Williams
- Newcastle Institute for Energy and Resources (NIER), School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel C Chambers
- School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Queensland Lung Transplant Program, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Warwick J Britton
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Dept of Clinical Immunology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dusan Ilic
- Newcastle Institute for Energy and Resources (NIER), School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip Michael Hansbro
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle/Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,P.M. Hansbro and J.C. Horvat have equally contributed as senior authors
| | - Jay Christopher Horvat
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle/Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia .,P.M. Hansbro and J.C. Horvat have equally contributed as senior authors
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6
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Wang W, Mu M, Zou Y, Deng S, Lu Y, Li Q, Li Z, Tao H, Wang Y, Tao X. Glycogen metabolism reprogramming promotes inflammation in coal dust-exposed lung. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 242:113913. [PMID: 35907323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Long-term coal dust exposure triggers complex inflammatory processes in the coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) lungs. The progress of the inflammation is reported to be affected by disordered cell metabolism. However, the changes in the metabolic reprogramming associated with the pulmonary inflammation induced by the coal dust particles are unknown. Herein, we show that coal dust exposure causes glycogen accumulation and the reprogramming of glucose metabolism in the CWP lung. The glycogen accumulation caused by coal dust is mainly due to macrophages, which reprogram glycogen metabolism and trigger an inflammatory response. In addition, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) reduced glycogen content in macrophages, which was accompanied by mitigated inflammation and restrained NF-κB activation. Accordingly, we have pinpointed a novel and crucial metabolic pathway that is an essential regulator of the inflammatory phenotype of coal dust-exposed macrophages. These results shed light on new ways to regulate CWP inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Control and Occupational Health of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, China; School of Medicine, Department of Medical Frontier Experimental Center, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Min Mu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Control and Occupational Health of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, China; School of Medicine, Department of Medical Frontier Experimental Center, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Deep Reduction and Occupational Health and Safety of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Yuanjie Zou
- School of Medicine, Department of Medical Frontier Experimental Center, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Songsong Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chaoyang Hospital, Huainan, China
| | - Yuting Lu
- School of Medicine, Department of Medical Frontier Experimental Center, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Qinglong Li
- School of Medicine, Department of Medical Frontier Experimental Center, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Zeyu Li
- School of Medicine, Department of Medical Frontier Experimental Center, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Huihui Tao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Control and Occupational Health of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, China; School of Medicine, Department of Medical Frontier Experimental Center, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Deep Reduction and Occupational Health and Safety of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Yun Wang
- School of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232038, China
| | - Xinrong Tao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Control and Occupational Health of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, China; School of Medicine, Department of Medical Frontier Experimental Center, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Deep Reduction and Occupational Health and Safety of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China.
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Promises and Challenges of Cell-Based Therapies to Promote Lung Regeneration in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162595. [PMID: 36010671 PMCID: PMC9406501 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The lung epithelium is constantly exposed to harmful agents present in the air that we breathe making it highly susceptible to damage. However, in instances of injury to the lung, it exhibits a remarkable capacity to regenerate injured tissue thanks to the presence of distinct stem and progenitor cell populations along the airway and alveolar epithelium. Mechanisms of repair are affected in chronic lung diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a progressive life-threatening disorder characterized by the loss of alveolar structures, wherein excessive deposition of extracellular matrix components cause the distortion of tissue architecture that limits lung function and impairs tissue repair. Here, we review the most recent findings of a study of epithelial cells with progenitor behavior that contribute to tissue repair as well as the mechanisms involved in mouse and human lung regeneration. In addition, we describe therapeutic strategies to promote or induce lung regeneration and the cell-based strategies tested in clinical trials for the treatment of IPF. Finally, we discuss the challenges, concerns and limitations of applying these therapies of cell transplantation in IPF patients. Further research is still required to develop successful strategies focused on cell-based therapies to promote lung regeneration to restore lung architecture and function.
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Equivalence Assessment Method of Forest Tourism Safety Based on Internet of Things Application. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 2022:1578005. [PMID: 35655519 PMCID: PMC9153934 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1578005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
With the continuous development of the society, China's economy and technology have been greatly improved, and network technology has also been widely used in life. In China's forestry management, the use of Internet of Things technology has gradually formed a model, which has greatly helped the economic benefits of forests. In addition, with the rapid development of the tourism industry, the number of tourists has increased sharply, the tourism infrastructure and tourism management are relatively lagging behind, and tourism safety accidents have occurred from time to time. However, the application of IoT technology in forestry is still in its infancy, with a small scope of application and low technical level. Aiming at the uniqueness of forest management, this paper proposes the development direction and application planning of IoT in forest resource supervision and service, forest fire prevention and control and service, ecological environment monitoring, and forest tourism supervision and service. In addition, this paper also discusses the acquisition technology of geological disasters, air quality, meteorological conditions, passenger flow conditions, and traffic flow mainly involved in tourism safety from the macroperspective of the Internet of Things. At the same time, the specific application of these technologies in tourist attractions is discussed to provide some technical reference for the realization of scientific and safe tourism management.
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9
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Li R, Jia Y, Kong X, Nie Y, Deng Y, Liu Y. Novel drug delivery systems and disease models for pulmonary fibrosis. J Control Release 2022; 348:95-114. [PMID: 35636615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a serious and progressive lung disease which is possibly life-threatening. It causes lung scarring and affects lung functions including epithelial cell injury, massive recruitment of immune cells and abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM). There is currently no cure for PF. Treatment for PF is aimed at slowing the course of the disease and relieving symptoms. Pirfenidone (PFD) and nintedanib (NDNB) are currently the only two FDA-approved oral medicines to slow down the progress of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a specific type of PF. Novel drug delivery systems and therapies have been developed to improve the prognosis of the disease, as well as reduce or minimize the toxicities during drug treatment. The drug delivery routes for these therapies are various including oral, intravenous, nasal, inhalant, intratracheal and transdermal; although this is dependent on specific treatment mechanisms. In addition, researchers have also expanded current animal models that could not fully restore the clinicopathology, and developed a series of in vitro models such as organoids to study the pathogenesis and treatment of PF. This review describes recent advances on pathogenesis exploration, classifies and specifies the progress of drug delivery systems by their delivery routes, as well as an overview on the in vitro and in vivo models for PF research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yizhen Jia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiaohan Kong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yichu Nie
- Clinical Research Institute, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Yang Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
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10
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Label-free Raman spectroscopy characterizes signatures of inflammation and fibrosis in the silicosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 606:114-120. [PMID: 35344708 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.03.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Silicosis is an occupational disease that seriously damages the life and health of miners. Herein, we constructed a mouse model of silicosis and used label-free confocal Raman spectroscopy to analyze the biomolecular variations in lung fibrous nodules and inflammatory sites. The mice were exposed to silica particles for 1 month (SIL-1M group), 3 months (SIL-3M group), or no exposure (control tissues, NS). Raman spectra obtained from treated and untreated lung tissue were subjected to chemometric analysis to quantify biochemical composition differences in the silicosis. Simultaneously, immunohistochemistry and collagen staining were used to evaluate inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis. As a result, the SIL-1M and SIL-3M groups showed significant differences in cholesterol, lipids, amino acids, nucleic acids, and cytochrome C, and the collagen peaks at 1248 cm-1 and 1448 cm-1 were significantly higher than in the NS group. Notably, glycogen and phospholipid may be an inflammatory indicator consistent with NF-κB expression. In addition, significant differences in collagen and cytochrome C content in silicosis lung tissue were found using Raman spectroscopy and were verified by Masson's staining and Bax/Bcl-2 expression ratio. In summary, our findings provide a label-free technique to understand the biochemical changes in lung inflammatory and fibrosis microenvironment after exposure to silica particles and provide a valuable reference for studying the mechanism of silicosis.
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Lam M, Mansell A, Tate MD. Another One Fights the Dust - Targeting the NLRP3 Inflammasome for the Treatment of Silicosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 66:601-611. [PMID: 35290170 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0545tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicosis is a multifaceted lung disease, characterised by persistent inflammation and structural remodelling. Despite its poor prognosis, there are no treatments currently available for patients with silicosis. Recent pre-clinical findings in models of lung fibrosis have suggested a major role for the nucleotide binding domain and leucine-rich repeat pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in silica-driven inflammation and fibrosis. This review outlines the beneficial effects of targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome in in vitro cell experiments and in in vivo animal models, whereby inflammation and fibrosis are abrogated following NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition. While preclinical evidence is promising, studies which explore NLRP3 inflammasomes in the clinical setting are warranted. In particular, there is still a need to identify biomarkers which may be helpful for the early detection of silicosis and to fully elucidate mechanisms underlying these beneficial effects to further develop or repurpose existing anti-NLRP3 drugs as novel treatments that limit disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Lam
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, 366840, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Monash University , Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ashley Mansell
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, 366840, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Monash Univerisity, Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Adiso Therapeutics Inc, Concord, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Michelle D Tate
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, 366840, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Monash University, Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Clayton, Victoria, Australia;
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Mu M, Li B, Zou Y, Wang W, Cao H, Zhang Y, Sun Q, Chen H, Ge D, Tao H, Hu D, Yuan L, Tao X, Wang J. Coal dust exposure triggers heterogeneity of transcriptional profiles in mouse pneumoconiosis and Vitamin D remedies. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:7. [PMID: 35057792 PMCID: PMC8772169 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00449-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coal dust particles (CDP), an inevitable by-product of coal mining for the environment, mainly causes coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP). Long-term exposure to coal dust leads to a complex alternation of biological processes during regeneration and repair in the healing lung. However, the cellular and complete molecular changes associated with pulmonary homeostasis caused by respiratory coal dust particles remain unclear. Methods This study mainly investigated the pulmonary toxicity of respirable-sized CDP in mice using unbiased single-cell RNA sequencing. CDP (< 5 μm) collected from the coal mine was analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Mass Spectrometer. In addition, western blotting, Elisa, QPCR was used to detect gene expression at mRNA or protein levels. Pathological analysis including HE staining, Masson staining, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence staining were performed to characterize the structure and functional alternation in the pneumoconiosis mouse and verify the reliability of single-cell sequencing results. Results SEM image and Mass Spectrometer analysis showed that coal dust particles generated during coal mine production have been crushed and screened with a diameter of less than 5 µm and contained less than 10% silica. Alveolar structure and pulmonary microenvironment were destroyed, inflammatory and death (apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis) pathways were activated, leading to pneumoconiosis in post 9 months coal dust stimulation. A distinct abnormally increased alveolar type 2 epithelial cell (AT2) were classified with a highly active state but reduced the antimicrobial-related protein expression of LYZ and Chia1 after CDP exposure. Beclin1, LC3B, LAMP2, TGF-ß, and MLPH were up-regulated induced by CDP, promoting autophagy and pulmonary fibrosis. A new subset of macrophages with M2-type polarization double expressed MLPH + /CD206 + was found in mice having pneumoconiosis but markedly decreased after the Vitamin D treatment. Activated MLPH + /CD206 + M2 macrophages secreted TGF-β1 and are sensitive to Vitamin D treatment. Conclusions This is the first study to reconstruct the pathologic progression and transcriptome pattern of coal pneumoconiosis in mice. Coal dust had obvious toxic effects on lung epithelial cells and macrophages and eventually induced pulmonary fibrosis. CDP-induced M2-type macrophages could be inhibited by VD, which may be related to the alleviation of the pulmonary fibrosis process. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-022-00449-y.
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