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Lapierre C, Erlandson LW, Stoneroad II R, Rhiner A, Gosnell R, Barber J, Pham L. Substances of health concern in home-distilled and commercial alcohols from Texas. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32317. [PMID: 38912503 PMCID: PMC11190660 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Poor distillation practices in the production of spirits have historically resulted in many instances of adverse health outcomes including death. Concern has focused on lead and copper contamination as well as unhealthy levels of methanol and glyphosate. This study assesses home-distilled and commercially distilled alcohols from Texas for these substances of concern, highlighting their potential risks to public health. Methods Atomic absorption spectroscopy, gas chromatography, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were employed to determine lead and copper, methanol, and glyphosate levels in 12 commercial and 36 home-distilled alcohol samples. Results Our findings showed that 11 % of the home-distilled alcohols exceeded the U.S. Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau's copper safety limits of 0.5 mg/L for wine. Additionally, 36 % of these samples surpassed the European Commission (EC)'s lead legal threshold of 0.15 mg/L set for wine products. Results from commercial alcohols indicated that no samples exceeded the same safety limits for copper, and 33 % exceeded the same legal threshold for lead. Both commercial and home-distilled alcohols exhibited methanol concentrations remarkably below the 0.35 % limit for brandy set by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Only two home-distilled samples contained detectable glyphosate concentrations well below 100 μg/L, the maximum residue level in beer and wine established by the EC. Conclusions Our findings suggested that consumption of alcohol in Texas may pose potential health risks associated with the elevated content of lead and copper. There is a need for increased focus on alcohol as a potential source of exposure to heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coady Lapierre
- Department of Counseling and Psychology, Texas A&M University-Central Texas, Texas, USA
| | | | - Randy Stoneroad II
- Department of Mathematics and Sciences, Texas A&M University-Central Texas, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew Rhiner
- Department of Mathematics and Sciences, Texas A&M University-Central Texas, Texas, USA
| | - Renae Gosnell
- Department of Mathematics and Sciences, Texas A&M University-Central Texas, Texas, USA
| | - John Barber
- Department of Mathematics and Sciences, Texas A&M University-Central Texas, Texas, USA
| | - Linh Pham
- Department of Mathematics and Sciences, Texas A&M University-Central Texas, Texas, USA
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Pilliol V, Morsli M, Terlier L, Hassani Y, Malat I, Guindo CO, Davoust B, Lamglait B, Drancourt M, Aboudharam G, Grine G, Terrer E. Candidatus Methanosphaera massiliense sp. nov., a methanogenic archaeal species found in a human fecal sample and prevalent in pigs and red kangaroos. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0514122. [PMID: 38189277 PMCID: PMC10845953 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05141-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Methanosphaera stadtmanae was the sole Methanosphaera representative to be cultured and detected by molecular methods in the human gut microbiota, further associated with digestive and respiratory diseases, leaving unknown the actual diversity of human-associated Methanosphaera species. Here, a novel Methanosphaera species, Candidatus Methanosphaera massiliense (Ca. M. massiliense) sp. nov. was isolated by culture using a hydrogen- and carbon dioxide-free medium from one human feces sample. Ca. M. massiliense is a non-motile, 850 nm Gram-positive coccus autofluorescent at 420 nm. Whole-genome sequencing yielded a 29.7% GC content, gapless 1,785,773 bp genome sequence with an 84.5% coding ratio, encoding for alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases promoting the growth of Ca. M. massiliense without hydrogen. Screening additional mammal and human feces using a specific genome sequence-derived DNA-polymerase RT-PCR system yielded a prevalence of 22% in pigs, 12% in red kangaroos, and no detection in 149 other human samples. This study, extending the diversity of Methanosphaera in human microbiota, questions the zoonotic sources of Ca. M. massiliense and possible transfer between hosts.IMPORTANCEMethanogens are constant inhabitants in the human gut microbiota in which Methanosphaera stadtmanae was the only cultivated Methanosphaera representative. We grew Candidatus Methanosphaera massiliense sp. nov. from one human feces sample in a novel culture medium under a nitrogen atmosphere. Systematic research for methanogens in human and animal fecal samples detected Ca. M. massiliense in pig and red kangaroo feces, raising the possibility of its zoonotic acquisition. Host specificity, source of acquisition, and adaptation of methanogens should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Pilliol
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Ecole de Médecine Dentaire, Marseille, France
| | - Madjid Morsli
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Laureline Terlier
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Yasmine Hassani
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Ihab Malat
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Cheick Oumar Guindo
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Davoust
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | | | - Michel Drancourt
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Gérard Aboudharam
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Ecole de Médecine Dentaire, Marseille, France
| | | | - Elodie Terrer
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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de Garcia V, Gonzalez Flores M, Kleinjan V, Rodríguez ME, Lopes CA. Contaminated Perry in Patagonia Argentina: A Case Study. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:329. [PMID: 37624570 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03442-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Perry is a beverage obtained by fermentation of pear juice, popular in the North Hemisphere. In Argentina it is an emerging market, particularly in the Patagonian region. The aim of this work is to describe and to evaluate the spoilage yeasts associated to six perry samples showing signs of microbiological contamination from a local craft perry company in North Patagonian region. Eighteen yeasts were isolated from four of the six perry samples where Brettanomyces custersianus, Brettanomyces bruxellensis and Zygosaccharomyces parabailii were identified. The growth capacity of these isolates in the presence of antimicrobial agents (sulfite and potassium sorbate) was analyzed in solid media. Growth parameters in sterile perry must was evaluated and the production of undesirable compounds were evaluated, products were characterized in terms of their aromatic and physicochemical features. The yeasts Z. parabailii NPCC1791 was able to grow on plates containing sulfite concentrations of up to 4 mM and produced high methanol concentrations in perry. Additionally, B. bruxellensis NPPC1792 was able to produce methanol as well as high concentrations of volatile phenols including 4-ethylphenol and 4-ethylguaiacol. These results demonstrate the potential of these species as perry contaminants. Given the lack of studies describing the contaminating yeasts in perry production, this work represents the first report about perry spoilage yeasts in Argentina, with this knowledge, control strategies can be developed to prevent microbiological contamination and minimize product loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia de Garcia
- Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de ProcesosBiotecnología y Energías Alternativas (PROBIEN), CONICET - Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Buenos Aires 1400, 8300, Neuquén, Argentina.
| | - Melisa Gonzalez Flores
- Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de ProcesosBiotecnología y Energías Alternativas (PROBIEN), CONICET - Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Buenos Aires 1400, 8300, Neuquén, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Ruta 51, Km 12,5 Cinco Saltos, 8303, Rio Negro, Argentina
| | - Victoria Kleinjan
- Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de ProcesosBiotecnología y Energías Alternativas (PROBIEN), CONICET - Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Buenos Aires 1400, 8300, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - María Eugenia Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de ProcesosBiotecnología y Energías Alternativas (PROBIEN), CONICET - Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Buenos Aires 1400, 8300, Neuquén, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Los Arrayanes y Av. Toschi, 8324, Cipolletti, Argentina
| | - Christian A Lopes
- Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de ProcesosBiotecnología y Energías Alternativas (PROBIEN), CONICET - Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Buenos Aires 1400, 8300, Neuquén, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Ruta 51, Km 12,5 Cinco Saltos, 8303, Rio Negro, Argentina
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Boumba VA, Exadactylou P, Velivasi G, Ziavrou KS, Fragkouli K, Kovatsi L. The frequency of ethanol, higher alcohols and other low molecular weight volatiles in postmortem blood samples from unnatural deaths. Forensic Sci Int 2022; 341:111503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2022.111503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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