1
|
Srivastava G, Mukherjee E, Mittal R, Ganjewala D. Geraniol and citral: recent developments in their anticancer credentials opening new vistas in complementary cancer therapy. Z NATURFORSCH C 2024; 0:znc-2023-0150. [PMID: 38635829 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2023-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
About 10 million people are diagnosed with cancer each year. Globally, it is the second leading cause of death after heart disease, and by 2035, the death toll could reach 14.6 million. Several drugs and treatments are available to treat cancer, but survival rates remain low. Many studies in recent years have shown that plant-derived monoterpenes, particularly geraniol and citral, are effective against various cancers, including breast, liver, melanoma, endometrial, colon, prostate, and skin cancers. This trend has opened new possibilities for the development of new therapeutics or adjuvants in the field of cancer therapy. These monoterpenes can improve the efficacy of chemotherapy by modulating many signaling molecules and pathways within tumors. Analysis of reports on the anticancer effects published in the past 5 years provided an overview of the most important results of these and related properties. Also, the molecular mechanisms by which they exert their anticancer effects in cell and animal studies have been explained. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the scope of geraniol and citral as complementary or alternative treatment options in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gauri Srivastava
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, 77282 Amity University , Sector-125, Noida 201303, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Esha Mukherjee
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, 77282 Amity University , Sector-125, Noida 201303, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ruchika Mittal
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, 77282 Amity University , Sector-125, Noida 201303, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepak Ganjewala
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, 77282 Amity University , Sector-125, Noida 201303, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kusuma IY, Perdana MI, Vágvölgyi C, Csupor D, Takó M. Exploring the Clinical Applications of Lemongrass Essential Oil: A Scoping Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:159. [PMID: 38399374 PMCID: PMC10892616 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Lemongrass is a medicinal plant that produces essential oil with a variety of therapeutic properties. Although lemongrass essential oil (LGEO) is promising in clinical applications, the existing knowledge on the efficacy and safety of LGEO remains limited. This scoping review aimed to identify, summarize, and synthesize existing literature related to the clinical applications of LGEO to provide an overview of its potential therapeutic benefits for patients. Three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus) were used following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines to find articles published between 1 January 2013, and 1 November 2022. A total of 671 records were identified and 8 articles were included in this scoping review. The majority of patients received oromucosal and topical treatment. The results of the studies suggest that LGEO might be a useful tool in the treatment of periodontitis, gingivitis and oral malodour, with similar efficacy to chlorhexidine (anti-gingivitis effect) and doxycycline (periodontitis). Additionally, LGEO has the potential for treating pityriasis versicolor and preventing skin aging and may have anti-dandruff effects. These findings not only underscore the diverse clinical potential of LGEO but also emphasize its comparable efficacy to established treatments. Further research is imperative to comprehensively evaluate LGEO's effectiveness, safety, mechanisms of action, potential interactions with other medications, and its long-term tolerability across diverse populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ikhwan Yuda Kusuma
- Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Health, Harapan Bangsa University, Purwokerto 53182, Indonesia;
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szikra utca 8, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Muhammad Iqbal Perdana
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Dezső Csupor
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szikra utca 8, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Miklós Takó
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chowdhury H, Kumar Bera A, Subhasmita Raut S, Chandra Malick R, Sekhar Swain H, Saha A, Kumar Das B. In Vitro Antibacterial Efficacy of Cymbopogon flexuosus Essential Oil against Aeromonas hydrophila of Fish Origin and in Silico Molecular Docking of the Essential Oil Components against DNA Gyrase-B and Their Drug-Likeness. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200668. [PMID: 36799768 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
In aquaculture, diseases caused by the Aeromonads with high antibiotic resistance are among the most common and troublesome diseases. Application of herbs is emerging as a tool in controlling these diseases. Plant extracts besides disease control, favor various physiological activities in fish. In this study, essential oil of Cymbopogon flexuosus (Poaceae family) was studied in vitro for its antibacterial efficacy against two oxytetracycline (OTC) resistant and one sensitive strains of Aeromonas hydrophila. The oil was found rich (86.93 %) in oxygenated terpenoids containing 74.15 % of citral. The oil exhibited dose dependent growth inhibition of the bacteria. Mean MIC value of the oil against the sensitive strain was recorded as 2.0 mg mL-1 whereas MBC value was recorded as 4.0 mg mL-1 . The oil was found effective against the OTC resistant isolates with the MIC and MBC values ranging from 2.67-3.33 and 4.0-6.67 mg mL-1 , respectively. In silico molecular docking of the essential oil components against DNA gyrase-B, a vital macromolecule in bacterial cell, was carried out to computationally asses the efficacy of the oil against the bacteria. Some of the components of the essential oil strongly bonded with the enzyme to inhibit its efficacy. Binding energy of some components of the oil was comparable to that of the conventional antibiotic, OTC. The identified phytochemicals exhibited favorable physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties and satisfied the rule of five (Ro5).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hemanta Chowdhury
- ICAR - Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Manirampore, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120, West Bengal, India
| | - Asit Kumar Bera
- ICAR - Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Manirampore, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhashree Subhasmita Raut
- ICAR - Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Manirampore, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120, West Bengal, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra Malick
- ICAR - Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Manirampore, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120, West Bengal, India
| | - Himanshu Sekhar Swain
- ICAR - Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Manirampore, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120, West Bengal, India
| | - Ajoy Saha
- ICAR - Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Manirampore, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120, West Bengal, India
| | - Basanta Kumar Das
- ICAR - Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Manirampore, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
ShangGuan X, Qi Y, Wang A, Ren Y, Wang Y, Xiao T, Shen Z, Wang Q, Xia Y. OsGLP participates in the regulation of lignin synthesis and deposition in rice against copper and cadmium toxicity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1078113. [PMID: 36714698 PMCID: PMC9878301 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1078113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) are common heavy metal pollutants. When Cd and excessive Cu accumulate in plants, plant growth is reduced. Our previous study showed that Germin-like proteins (GLPs), which exist in tandem on chromosomes, are a class of soluble glycoproteins that respond to Cu stress. In this study, hydroponic cultures were carried out to investigate the effect of GLP on Cd and Cu tolerance and accumulation in rice. The results showed that knockout of a single OsGLP8-2 gene or ten OsGLP genes (OsGLP8-2 to OsGLP8-11) resulted in a similar sensitivity to Cd and Cu toxicity. When subjected to Cu and Cd stress, the glp8-2 and glp8-(2-11) mutants displayed a more sensitive phenotype based on the plant height, root length, and dry biomass of the rice seedlings. Correspondingly, Cu and Cd concentrations in the glp8-2 and glp8-(2-11) mutants were significantly higher than those in the wild-type (WT) and OsGLP8-2-overexpressing line. However, Cu and Cd accumulation in the cell wall was the opposite. Furthermore, we determined lignin accumulation. The overexpressing-OsGLP8-2 line had a higher lignin accumulation in the shoot and root cell walls than those of the WT, glp8-2, and glp8-(2-11). The expression of lignin synthesis genes in the OsGLP8-2-overexpressing line was significantly higher than that in the WT, glp8-2, and glp8-(2-11). The SOD activity of OsGLP8-2, Diaminobe-nzidine (DAB), propidium iodide (PI) staining, and Malondialdehyde (MDA) content determination suggested that OsGLP8-2 is involved in heavy metal-induced antioxidant defense in rice. Our findings clearly suggest that OsGLPs participate in responses to heavy metal stress by lignin deposition and antioxidant defense capacity in rice, and OsGLP8-2 may play a major role in the tandem repeat gene clusters of chromosome 8 under heavy metal stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangchao ShangGuan
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Qi
- College of Agronomy, Yunnan Research Center of Urban Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Aiguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Tobacco Quality in Tobacco Industry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China National Tobacco Corporation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingnan Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tengwei Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenguo Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Xia
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus)-incorporated chitosan bioactive films for potential skincare applications. Int J Pharm 2022; 628:122301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
6
|
Ferreira de Jesus S, Gonçalves de Souza M, dos Reis Pereira Queiroz L, Paola Santos de Paula D, Tamiarana Lima Tabosa A, Sarajane Moreira Alves W, Henrique da Silveira L, Teixeira da Silva Ferreira A, José Dutra Martuscelli O, Conceição Farias L, Maurício Batista de Paula A, Henrique Sousa Santos S, Luiz Sena Guimaraes A. Gallic Acid has an inhibitory effect on skin squamous cell carcinoma and acts on the heat shock protein HSP90AB1. Gene 2022; 851:147041. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
7
|
Caballero-Gallardo K, Quintero-Rincón P, Stashenko EE, Olivero-Verbel J. Photoprotective Agents Obtained from Aromatic Plants Grown in Colombia: Total Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Activity, and Assessment of Cytotoxic Potential in Cancer Cell Lines of Cymbopogon flexuosus L. and Tagetes lucida Cav. Essential Oils. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11131693. [PMID: 35807645 PMCID: PMC9269283 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Photoprotective agents obtained from plants provide benefits for the health of the skin. The present study aims to assess the total phenolic content (TPC) and in vitro UV-protective properties of twelve essential oils (EOs) from plants grown in Colombia and to evaluate the antioxidant and cytotoxic potential of two species identified as photoprotective potentials: Cymbopogon flexuosus and Tagetes lucida. The composition of EOs was studied by GC/MS. The cytotoxicity of both EOs was examined using an MTT assay, and an H2-DCFDA probe was employed to estimate the intracellular production of ROS in HepG2 and Calu-1 cells. Major constituents (≥10%) were neral, geranial, geranyl acetate in C. flexuosus and estragole in T. lucida. The TPC for C. flexuosus and T. lucida EOs were ≥10 mg GAE/g of byproduct. Both EOs showed photoprotective properties (SPFin vitro: 13−14), and long-wavelength UVA protection (λc > 370 nm). HepG2 and Calu-1 cells exposed to C. flexuosus exhibited antiproliferative activity (˂50%) at 125 µg/mL, while T. lucida was at 250 and 500 µg/mL. The IC50 values for C. flexuosus were 75 and 100 µg/mL in HepG2 and Calu-1 cells, respectively, whereas those for T. lucida were >250 µg/mL. These EOs achieved significant inhibitory effects (between 15.6 and 40.4%) against H2O2-induced oxidative stress. The results showed that EO compounds recognized as antioxidants could counteract the effects elicited by H2O2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karina Caballero-Gallardo
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia; (K.C.-G.); (P.Q.-R.)
- Functional Toxicology Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia
| | - Patricia Quintero-Rincón
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia; (K.C.-G.); (P.Q.-R.)
- Functional Toxicology Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia
| | - Elena E. Stashenko
- Center for Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry CROM-MASS, Research Center for Biomolecules CIBIMOL, School of Chemistry, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680006, Colombia;
| | - Jesus Olivero-Verbel
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia; (K.C.-G.); (P.Q.-R.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nanomedicine as an Emerging Technology to Foster Application of Essential Oils to Fight Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070793. [PMID: 35890092 PMCID: PMC9320655 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural prodrugs extracted from plants are increasingly used in many sectors, including the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. Among these prodrugs, essential oils (EOs) are of particular importance. These biologically active volatile oily liquids are produced by medicinal and aromatic plants and characterized by a distinctive odor. EOs possess high anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, and antioxidant potential but often are associated with low stability; high volatility; and a high risk of deterioration with exposure to heat, humidity, light, or oxygen. Furthermore, their bioavailability is limited because they are not soluble in water, and enhancements are needed to increase their potential to target specific cells or tissues, as well as for controlled release. Nanomedicine, the application of nanotechnology in medicine, may offer efficient solutions to these problems. The technology is based on creating nanostructures in which the natural prodrug is connected to or encapsulated in nanoparticles or submicron-sized capsules that ensure their solubility in water and their targeting properties, as well as controlled delivery. The potential of EOs as anticancer prodrugs is considerable but not fully exploited. This review focusses on the recent progress towards the practical application of EOs in cancer therapy based on nanotechnology applications.
Collapse
|
9
|
Liew HY, Tan XY, Chan HH, Khaw KY, Ong YS. Natural HSP90 inhibitors as a potential therapeutic intervention in treating cancers: A comprehensive review. Pharmacol Res 2022; 181:106260. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
10
|
Gaonkar R, Singh J, Chauhan A, Avti PK, Hegde G. Geraniol and Citral as potential therapeutic agents targeting the HSP90 activity: An in silico and experimental approach. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 195:113058. [PMID: 34942558 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.113058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lemongrass essential oil has antifungal and anti-cancerous properties. Heat-shock protein (HSP90), an ATP-dependent molecular chaperone found in eukaryotes, is involved in protein folding, stability, and disease, making it a promising research topic. Both in silico and in vitro approaches were used to provide a clear insight into the HSP90-ATPase 3D structures, activity, and their interaction with the essential oil constituents among various species such as fungi (S. cerevisiae), parasites (P. falciparum), and humans. For in silico studies, sequence alignment, docking (AutoDock), and absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties were evaluated to obtain hit compounds specifically against each HSP90-ATPase. The hit compounds obtained were evaluated for their efficacy in the in vitro studies of S. cerevisiae. In vitro studies were carried out targeting HSP90-ATPases via lemongrass essential oil components individually and in combination as a function of concentration and various salt concentrations. Results suggest that sequence alignment exists of over 75% among these three species. The best docking score was possessed by Geraniol and its constituent (geldanamycin ≥ -4.93 kcal/mol) (a known antifungal and antitumor against HSP90) in all the above species. Lemongrass oil and the combination of Geraniol and Citral at concentrations of 80 μg/mL showed the maximum inhibition of ATPase and HSP90-ATPase activity compared to their individual treatment. Therefore, both in silico and in vitro studies provide clear evidence of specific inhibitory action of lemongrass oil, Geraniol, and Citral against the ATPase and HSP90-ATPase activities and might show potential as antifungal and antitumor drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roopa Gaonkar
- Department of Biotechnology, BMS College of Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Jitender Singh
- Department of Biophysics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Arushi Chauhan
- Department of Biophysics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Pramod K Avti
- Department of Biophysics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Gurumurthy Hegde
- Centre for Advanced Research and Development (CARD), CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Rd, Bangalore, 560029, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Concentration-dependent effects of chlorpyrifos oxon on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling in MCF-7 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 78:105268. [PMID: 34756920 PMCID: PMC8710288 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos oxon (CPO) is the active metabolite of the organophosphorus pesticide, chlorpyrifos. CPO is a potent inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and other serine hydrolases including fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). AChE is critical in regulating cholinergic signaling while FAAH catalyzes the inactivation of fatty acid signaling lipids including the endocannabinoid (eCB) N-arachidonylethanolamine (anandamide, AEA) and eCB-like metabolites (e.g., oleoylethanolamide, OEA). AEA and OEA are both peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists that regulate numerous genes involved in lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. We used the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line, which expresses AChE, FAAH and PPAR alpha and gamma subtypes, to evaluate the potential effects of CPO on PPAR-related gene expression in an in vitro human cell system. CPO elicited relatively similar concentration-dependent inhibition of both AChE and FAAH. Marked concentration- and time-dependent changes in the expression of four selected PPAR-related genes, LXRα, ACOX1, ABCG2 and AGPAT2, were noted. These findings suggest chlorpyrifos may influence lipid metabolism through blocking the degradation of eCBs or eCB-like metabolites and in turn affecting PPAR receptor activation. The results highlight the potential for non-cholinesterase actions of this common insecticide metabolite through disruption of PPAR signaling including effects on lipid metabolism, immune function and inflammation.
Collapse
|
12
|
Sharma M, Grewal K, Jandrotia R, Batish DR, Singh HP, Kohli RK. Essential oils as anticancer agents: Potential role in malignancies, drug delivery mechanisms, and immune system enhancement. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112514. [PMID: 34963087 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer retains a central place in fatality rates among the wide variety of diseases known world over, and the conventional synthetic medicaments, albeit used until now, produce numerous side effects. As a result, newer, better, and safer alternatives such as natural plant products, are gravely required. Essential oils (EOs) offer a plethora of bioactivities including antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, and anticancer properties, therefore, the use of EOs in combination with synthetic drugs or aromatherapy continues to be popular in many settings. In view of the paramount importance of EOs and their potential bioactivities, this review summarizes the current knowledge on the interconnection between EOs and cancer treatment. In particular, the current review presents an updated summary of the chemical composition of EOs, their current applications in cancer treatments based on clinical studies, and the mechanism of action against the cancer cell lines. Similarly, an overview of using EOs in aromatherapy and enhancing immunity during cancer treatment is provided. Further, this review focuses on the recent technological advancements such as the loading of EOs using protein microspheres, ligands, or nanoemulsions/nanoencapsulation, which offer multiple benefits in cancer treatment via site-specific and target-oriented delivery of drugs. The continuing clinical studies of EOs implicate that their pharmacological applications are a rewarding research area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Sharma
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Kamaljit Grewal
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Rupali Jandrotia
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | | | - Harminder Pal Singh
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Composition, Anti-MRSA Activity and Toxicity of Essential Oils from Cymbopogon Species. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247542. [PMID: 34946632 PMCID: PMC8708858 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many of the essential oils obtained from medicinal plants possess proven antimicrobial activity and are suitable for medicinal purposes and applications in the food industry. The aim of the present work was the chemical analysis of 19 essential oils (EOs) from seven different Cymbopogon species (C. nardus, C. citratus, C winterianus, C. flexuosus, C. schoenanthus, C. martinii, C. giganteus). Five different chemotypes were established by GC/MS and TLC assay. The EOs, as well as some reference compounds, i.e., citronellol, geraniol and citral (neral + geranial), were also tested for their antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by the microdilution method and direct bioautography. The toxicity of EOs was evaluated by Danio rerio ‘Zebrafish’ model assay. All examined EOs showed moderate to high activity against MRSA, with the highest activity noted for C. flexuosus—lemongrass essential oil, both in microdilution and direct autobiography method. Significant difference in the toxicity of the examined EOs was also detected.
Collapse
|
14
|
Silva BIM, Nascimento EA, Silva CJ, Silva TG, Aguiar JS. Anticancer activity of monoterpenes: a systematic review. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:5775-5785. [PMID: 34304392 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06578-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites have been recognized for centuries as medicinal agents, in particular monoterpenes which have been the target of research in the discovery of antineoplastic drugs, as they have potential antitumor effect and low toxicity and are used as additives in foods and cosmetics. Another advantage of monoterpenes is structural diversity, which gives greater plasticity when interacting with cells. The purpose of this review was to summarize and critically discuss the anticancer potential of monoterpenes and their respective mechanisms of action. A systematic review of articles in the MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Science Direct electronic databases was independently conducted by three reviewers using the combination of the following keywords: monoterpenes AND anticancer AND in vitro. Restriction in selecting articles followed pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria by the reviewers, and also a time limitation with works published between 2015 and 2019 being selected. In total, 39 works were deemed eligible for inclusion in the final review. Monoterpenes have cytotoxic activity in a wide variety of tumor cell lines, and mainly appear to exert this effect by inducing apoptosis caused by oxidative stress. In addition, improved use of monoterpenes when used in drug delivery systems and the synergistic effect with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs are reported. These findings validate this class of compounds as a promising source of chemotherapeutic drugs yet to be explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno I M Silva
- Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Erika A Nascimento
- Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Cleber J Silva
- Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Teresinha G Silva
- Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Jaciana S Aguiar
- Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhao J, Ma L, Ni Z, Liu H. In vitro facilitating role of polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide in osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from patients with multiple myeloma. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:1311-1322. [PMID: 33891231 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03125-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) were proved to play a vital role in multiple myeloma (MM). Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide (PSP) was found to have anti-tumor pharmacological effects, yet its interaction with BMMSCs remained poorly understood. Therefore, we explore the effect of PSP on osteogenic differentiation of BMMSCs. METHODS BMMSCs were isolated by density gradient centrifugation. CD90 and CD34 were detected by flow cytometry (FCM). Osteogenic marks were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting (WB). The vitality of cells treated with different concentrations of PSP was observed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). ALP staining kit was used to detect the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Alizarin red staining detected the formation of mineralized nodules. Osteoblast-associated genes were evaluated by qRT-PCR and WB. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways were tested by WB. RESULTS The BMMSCs showed good growth under an inverted microscope. FCM showed that CD34 and CD45 was low-expressed, whereas CD44, CD90 and CD105 was highly expressed. Compared with the Control group, the expressions of Runx2 and ALP in cells were significantly increased. CCK-8 showed that different concentrations of PSP had no significant effect on the viability of BMMSCs. BMMSCs treated with 25 mg/l PSP were stained the most deeply by ALP. Mineralized nodules in PSP groups dramatically increased, and hit a peak under the action of 25 mg/l PSP. PSP up-regulated p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR, but had no significant effect on PI3K, AKT, and mTOR. CONCLUSION PSP induced osteogenic differentiation of BMMSCs from MM patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, No. 48, Fenghao West Road, Lianhu District, Xi'an, 710077, China
| | - Lijie Ma
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, No. 48, Fenghao West Road, Lianhu District, Xi'an, 710077, China.
| | - Zengfeng Ni
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, No. 48, Fenghao West Road, Lianhu District, Xi'an, 710077, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, No. 48, Fenghao West Road, Lianhu District, Xi'an, 710077, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fatima K, Wani ZA, Meena A, Luqman S. Geraniol exerts its antiproliferative action by modulating molecular targets in lung and skin carcinoma cells. Phytother Res 2021; 35:3861-3874. [PMID: 33826182 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Geraniol, an acyclic monoterpene present in several plant species' essential oils, is utilized as a food additive. It possesses potent antiproliferative and antitumor effects ascribed to its antiinflammatory, and antioxidant properties. The study aimed to understand geraniol's mechanism in human lung and skin cancer cells by employing molecular and cell target-based assays. SRB, NRU, MTT assays, qRT-PCR, molecular docking, and EAC model were used. Geraniol inhibits the proliferation of PC-3, A431, and A549 cells (~50%) and suppresses the activity of ornithine decarboxylase (15.42 ± 0.61 μM) and hyaluronidase (57.61 ± 8.53 μM) in A549 cells; LOX-5 (25.44 ± 3.50 μM) and hyaluronidase (90.71 ± 2.38 μM) in A431 cells. The qRT-expression analysis of the targeted gene depicts non-significant change at the transcriptional level of LOX-5 in A431 cells. A robust binding interaction of geraniol with molecular targets was observed in the molecular docking studies. In Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma model, geraniol inhibit tumor growth by 50.08% at 75 mg/kg bw and was found to be safe up to 1,000 mg/kg bw in a toxicity study. Geraniol has two prenyl units allied head-to-tail and functionalized with one hydroxyl group at its tail end could be responsible for the antiproliferative activity. These observations provide evidence for geraniol to be used as a new prototype to develop a novel anticancer agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaneez Fatima
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Zahoor Ahmad Wani
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Abha Meena
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Suaib Luqman
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Targets and pathways involved in the antitumor activity of citral and its stereo-isomers. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 871:172945. [PMID: 31981590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.172945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the anticancer potential of the natural product citral (CIT) found in many plants and essential oils, and extensively used in the food and cosmetic industry. CIT is composed of two stereoisomers, the trans-isomer geranial being a more potent anticancer compound than the cis-isomer neral. CIT inhibits cancer cell proliferation and induces cancer cell apoptosis. Its pluri-factorial mechanism of anticancer activity is essentially based on three pillars: (i) a drug-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species in cancer cells leading to an oxidative burst and DNA damages, (ii) a colchicine-like inhibition of tubulin polymerization and promotion of microtubule depolymerization, associated with an inhibition of the microtubule affinity-regulating kinase MARK4, and (iii) a potent inhibition of the aldehyde dehydrogenase isoform ALDH1A3 which is associated with cancer stem cell proliferation and chemoresistance. This unique combination of targets and pathways confers a significant anticancer potential. However, the intrinsic potency of CIT is limited, mainly because the drug is not very stable and has a low bioavailability and it does not present a high selectivity for cancer cells versus non-tumor cells. Stable formulations of CIT, using cyclodextrins, biodegradable polymers, or various nano-structured particles have been designed to enhance the bioavailability, to increase the effective doses window and to promote the anticancer activity. The lack of tumor cell selectivity is more problematic and limits the use of the drug in cancer therapy. Nevertheless, CIT offers interesting perspectives to design more potent analogues and drug combinations with a reinforced antitumor potential.
Collapse
|