Synthesized Nano particle derivation of poly (Styrene - co- Maleic Anhydride) and sour cherry Rock for removing nickel (II) ion from aqueous solutions

Nanoscale Ion-Exchange Materials: From Analytical Chemistry to Industrial and Biomedical Applications

Nano-sized ion exchangers (NIEs) combine the properties of common bulk ion-exchange polymers with the unique advantages of downsizing into nanoparticulate matter. In particular, being by nature milti-charged ions exchangers, NIEs possess high reactivity and stability in suspensions. This brief review provides an introduction to the emerging landscape of various NIE materials and summarizes their actual and potential applications. Special attention is paid to the different methods of NIE fabrication and studying their ion-exchange behavior. Critically discussed are different examples of using NIEs in chemical analysis, e.g., as solid-phase extraction materials, ion chromatography separating phases, modifiers for capillary electrophoresis, etc., and in industry (fuel cells, catalysis, water softening). Also brought into focus is the potential of NIEs for controlled drug and contrast agent delivery.

Production of Sorbitol via Hydrogenation of Glucose over Ruthenium Coordinated with Amino Styrene-co-maleic Anhydride Polymer Encapsulated on Activated Carbon (Ru/ASMA@AC) Catalyst

Sorbitol, a product primarily derived from glucose hydrogenation, has extensive applications in the pharmaceutical, chemical and other industries. Amino styrene-co-maleic anhydride polymer encapsulated on activated carbon (Ru/ASMA@AC) catalysts were developed for efficient glucose hydrogenation and were prepared and confined Ru by coordination with styrene-co-maleic anhydride polymer (ASMA). Through single-factor experiments, optimal conditions were determined to be 2.5 wt.% ruthenium loading and a catalyst usage of 1.5 g, 20% glucose solution at 130 °C, reaction pressure of 4.0 MPa, and a stirring speed of 600 rpm for 3 h. These conditions achieved a high glucose conversion rate of 99.68% and a sorbitol selectivity of 93.04%. Reaction kinetics testing proved that the hydrogenation of glucose catalyzed by Ru/ASMA@AC was a first-order reaction, with a reaction activation energy of 73.04 kJ/mol. Furthermore, the catalytic performance of the Ru/ASMA@AC and Ru/AC catalysts for glucose hydrogenation were compared and characterized by various detection methods. The Ru/ASMA@AC catalyst exhibited excellent stability after five cycles, whereas the traditional Ru/AC catalyst suffered from a 10% decrease in sorbitol yield after three cycles. These results suggest that the Ru/ASMA@AC catalyst is a more promising candidate for high-concentration glucose hydrogenation due to its high catalytic performance and superior stability.

Removal of low concentrations of nickel ions in electroplating wastewater using capacitive deionization technology

The capacitive deionization (CDI) technology was adopted to reduce the low concentrations of nickel in electroplating wastewater to meet the discharge standard. The composite anode and the composite cathode (Resin-CGA) were prepared by incorporating anion-exchange resin (AR-CGA) and cation exchange resin (CR-CGA) into the titanium mesh by the conductive graphite adhesive, respectively. The electrolytic performances of the Resin-CGA electrodes at different cell voltages, initial electrolyte pH and initial nickel concentrations were investigated. The adsorbed amount of nickel on the CR-CGA electrodes and the removal percentage of nickel were 0.095 mg g^-1 and 95%, respectively. The Ni²⁺ concentrations were reduced to 0.005 mg L^-1 and the electricity consumption was 1.6 kWh per ton of the electroplating wastewater at the initial Ni²⁺ concentrations of 1.0 mg L^-1 under the optimal conditions, exhibiting better electrolytic performance than the cation-exchange resin and the electrodes prepared by the conductivity graphite adhesive (CGA). In addition, the spent electrodes were electrochemically regenerated and the electrolytic performance of the Resin-CGA electrodes kept stable during the cycles. This study provided a promising method to reduce the low concentrations of Ni²⁺ to less than 0.1 mg L^-1 in the treatment of electroplating wastewater.

Efficient Sorbitol Producing Process through Glucose Hydrogenation Catalyzed by Ru Supported Amino Poly (Styrene-co-Maleic) Polymer (ASMA) Encapsulated on γ-Al2O3

In this work, a core-shell-like sphere ruthenium catalyst, named as 5%Ru/γ-Al2O3@ASMA, has been successfully synthesized through impregnating the ruthenium nanoparticles (NPs) on the surface of the amino poly (styrene-co-maleic) polymer (ASMA) encapsulating γ-Al2O3 pellet support. The interaction between the Ru cations and the electro-donating polymer shell rich in hydroxyl and amino groups through the coordination bond would guarantee that the Ru NPs can be highly dispersed and firmly embedded on the surface of the support. In addition, the solid sphere γ-Al2O3 pellet could serve as the core to support the resulted catalysts applied in the flow process in a trickle bed reactor to promote the productivity. The resulted catalyst 5%Ru/γ-Al2O3@ASMA can be applied efficiently in the glucose hydrogenation and presents a steadfast sorbitol yield of almost 90% both in batch reactor and the trickle bed reactor, indicating the potential feasibility of the core-shell-like catalyst in the efficient production of sorbitol.