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Liu L, Wang Z, Li J, Zhang X, Wang R. A Non-Invasive Analysis of Seed Vigor by Infrared Thermography. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:plants9060768. [PMID: 32575514 PMCID: PMC7356526 DOI: 10.3390/plants9060768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper establishes robust regression models for fast and efficient estimation of seed vigor based on high-resolution infrared thermography. High seed quality is of great significance for agricultural and silvicultural purposes, and seed vigor is a crucial agent of seed quality. In this study, we used the non-invasive technology of infrared thermal imaging to analyze seed vigor of Ulmus pumila L. and Oryza sativa L. Temperatures of young age and aged seeds during thermal decay were monitored over time. We found that the thermal decay dynamics of U. pumila seeds were highly differential among seeds with differential vigor. Furthermore, a regression model was developed to estimate seed vigor based on its thermal decay dynamics. Similarly, a close relationship was also found between thermal decay processes and seed vigor in O. sativa. These results suggest that infrared thermography can be widely applied in non-invasive examination of seed vigor and allows fast and efficient seed screening for agricultural and silvicultural purposes in the future.
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He SL, Jiang JZ, Chen BH, Kuo CH, Ho SL. Overexpression of a constitutively active truncated form of OsCDPK1 confers disease resistance by affecting OsPR10a expression in rice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:403. [PMID: 29321675 PMCID: PMC5762881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18829-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The rice pathogenesis-related protein OsPR10a was scarcely expressed in OsCDPK1-silenced (Ri-1) rice, which was highly sensitive to pathogen infection. After inoculating the leaves with bacterial blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae; Xoo), we found that the expression of OsPR10a was up- and down-regulated in OEtr-1 (overexpression of the constitutively active truncated form of OsCDPK1) and Ri-1 rice plants, respectively. OsPR10a and OsCDPK1 showed corresponding expression patterns and were up-regulated in response to the jasmonic acid, salicylic acid and Xoo treatments, and OsPR1 and OsPR4 were significantly up-regulated in OEtr-1. These results suggest that OsCDPK1 may be an upstream regulator involved in rice innate immunity and conferred broad-spectrum of disease resistance. Following the Xoo inoculation, the OEtr-1 and Ri-1 seedlings showed enhanced and reduced disease resistance, respectively. The dihybrid rice Ri-1/OsPR10a-Ox not only bypassed the effect of OsCDPK1 silencing on the susceptibility to Xoo but also showed enhanced disease resistance and, consistent with Ri-1 phenotypes, increased plant height and grain size. Our results reveal that OsCDPK1 plays novel key roles in the cross-talk and mediation of the balance between stress response and development and provides a clue for improving grain yield and disease resistance simultaneously in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siou-Luan He
- Department of Agronomy, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 600, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Zhi Jiang
- Department of Agronomy, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 600, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Hong Chen
- Department of Agronomy, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 600, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsiang Kuo
- Department of Agronomy, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 600, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Lon Ho
- Department of Agronomy, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 600, Taiwan.
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Hu S, Sanchez DL, Wang C, Lipka AE, Yin Y, Gardner CAC, Lübberstedt T. Brassinosteroid and gibberellin control of seedling traits in maize (Zea mays L.). PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 263:132-141. [PMID: 28818369 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we established two doubled haploid (DH) libraries with a total of 207 DH lines. We applied BR and GA inhibitors to all DH lines at seedling stage and measured seedling BR and GA inhibitor responses. Moreover, we evaluated field traits for each DH line (untreated). We conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with 62,049 genome wide SNPs to explore the genetic control of seedling traits by BR and GA. In addition, we correlate seedling stage hormone inhibitor response with field traits. Large variation for BR and GA inhibitor response and field traits was observed across these DH lines. Seedling stage BR and GA inhibitor response was significantly correlate with yield and flowering time. Using three different GWAS approaches to balance false positive/negatives, multiple SNPs were discovered to be significantly associated with BR/GA inhibitor responses with some localized within gene models. SNPs from gene model GRMZM2G013391 were associated with GA inhibitor response across all three GWAS models. This gene is expressed in roots and shoots and was shown to regulate GA signaling. These results show that BRs and GAs have a great impact for controlling seedling growth. Gene models from GWAS results could be targets for seeding traits improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Hu
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, 100 Osborn Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Darlene L Sanchez
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, 100 Osborn Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Cuiling Wang
- Department of Agronomy, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China
| | - Alexander E Lipka
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Yanhai Yin
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, 100 Osborn Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Candice A C Gardner
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, 100 Osborn Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USA; U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), 100 Osborn Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Thomas Lübberstedt
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, 100 Osborn Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Wang C, Hu S, Gardner C, Lübberstedt T. Emerging Avenues for Utilization of Exotic Germplasm. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 22:624-637. [PMID: 28476651 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Breeders have been successful in increasing crop performance by exploiting genetic diversity over time. However, the reported annual yield increases are not sufficient in view of rapid human population growth and global environmental changes. Exotic germplasm possesses high levels of genetic diversity for valuable traits. However, only a small fraction of naturally occurring genetic diversity is utilized. Moreover, the yield gap between elite and exotic germplasm widens, which increases the effort needed to use exotic germplasm and to identify beneficial alleles and for their introgression. The advent of high-throughput genotyping and phenotyping technologies together with emerging biotechnologies provide new opportunities to explore exotic genetic variation. This review will summarize potential challenges for utilization of exotic germplasm and provide solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiling Wang
- Department of Agronomy, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China; Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University,100 Osborn Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USA; State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhenzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Songlin Hu
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University,100 Osborn Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Candice Gardner
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University,100 Osborn Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USA; US Department of Agrigulture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Plant Introduction Research Unit, 100 Osborn Drive, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Thomas Lübberstedt
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University,100 Osborn Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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Srivastava AK, Sablok G, Hackenberg M, Deshpande U, Suprasanna P. Thiourea priming enhances salt tolerance through co-ordinated regulation of microRNAs and hormones in Brassica juncea. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45490. [PMID: 28382938 PMCID: PMC5382540 DOI: 10.1038/srep45490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of stress tolerance mechanisms demands transcriptional reprogramming. Salt stress, a major threat to plant growth, enhances ROS production and affects transcription through modulation of miRNAs and hormones. The present study delineates salt stress ameliorating action of thiourea (TU, a ROS scavenger) in Brassica juncea and provides mechanistic link between redox, microRNA and hormones. The ameliorative potential of TU towards NaCl stress was related with its ability to decrease ROS accumulation in roots and increase Na+ accumulation in shoots. Small RNA sequencing revealed enrichment of down-regulated miRNAs in NaCl + TU treated roots, indicating transcriptional activation. Ranking analysis identified three key genes including BRX4, CBL10 and PHO1, showing inverse relationship with corresponding miRNA expression, which were responsible for TU mediated stress mitigation. Additionally, ABA level was consistently higher till 24 h in NaCl, while NaCl + TU treated roots showed only transient increase at 4 h suggesting an effective stress management. Jasmonate and auxin levels were also increased, which prioritized defence and facilitated root growth, respectively. Thus, the study highlights redox as one of the "core" components regulating miRNA and hormone levels, and also strengthens the use of TU as a redox priming agent for imparting crop resilience to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar Srivastava
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Gaurav Sablok
- Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Michael Hackenberg
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, 1s8071, Spain
| | - Uday Deshpande
- Cancer Genetics India (Bioserve), CNR complex, Mallapur Road, Hyderabad - 500076, India
| | - Penna Suprasanna
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
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Marchant GE, Stevens YA. A new window of opportunity to reject process-based biotechnology regulation. GM CROPS & FOOD 2016; 6:233-42. [PMID: 26930116 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2015.1134406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The question of whether biotechnology regulation should be based on the process or the product has long been debated, with different jurisdictions adopting different approaches. The European Union has adopted a process-based approach, Canada has adopted a product-based approach, and the United States has implemented a hybrid system. With the recent proliferation of new methods of genetic modification, such as gene editing, process-based regulatory systems, which are premised on a binary system of transgenic and conventional approaches, will become increasingly obsolete and unsustainable. To avoid unreasonable, unfair and arbitrary results, nations that have adopted process-based approaches will need to migrate to a product-based approach that considers the novelty and risks of the individual trait, rather than the process by which that trait was produced. This commentary suggests some approaches for the design of such a product-based approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary E Marchant
- a Center for Law, Science & Innovation; Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law; Arizona State University ; Tempe , AZ USA
| | - Yvonne A Stevens
- a Center for Law, Science & Innovation; Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law; Arizona State University ; Tempe , AZ USA
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