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Cademartiri L. How Can Materials Chemists Contribute to Food Supply Security in the Age of AI and Robotics? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202319757. [PMID: 39301989 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Global factors are compromising the security of the food supply. Many of us in our community might be unsure about how to help with our seemingly inapplicable expertise. In this piece, I describe how materials chemistry and materials chemists will be essential in addressing this problem, but not only in the way we might think. There is a gigantic and largely unexplored opportunity for real societal impact if we accept a broader view of what academic materials chemistry can be.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovico Cademartiri
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 11/a, 43124, Parma, Italy
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Clark NM, Van den Broeck L, Guichard M, Stager A, Tanner HG, Blilou I, Grossmann G, Iyer-Pascuzzi AS, Maizel A, Sparks EE, Sozzani R. Novel Imaging Modalities Shedding Light on Plant Biology: Start Small and Grow Big. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 71:789-816. [PMID: 32119794 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-050718-100038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The acquisition of quantitative information on plant development across a range of temporal and spatial scales is essential to understand the mechanisms of plant growth. Recent years have shown the emergence of imaging methodologies that enable the capture and analysis of plant growth, from the dynamics of molecules within cells to the measurement of morphometricand physiological traits in field-grown plants. In some instances, these imaging methods can be parallelized across multiple samples to increase throughput. When high throughput is combined with high temporal and spatial resolution, the resulting image-derived data sets could be combined with molecular large-scale data sets to enable unprecedented systems-level computational modeling. Such image-driven functional genomics studies may be expected to appear at an accelerating rate in the near future given the early success of the foundational efforts reviewed here. We present new imaging modalities and review how they have enabled a better understanding of plant growth from the microscopic to the macroscopic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Clark
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA; ,
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA;
| | - Lisa Van den Broeck
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA; ,
| | - Marjorie Guichard
- Center for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; , ,
- CellNetworks Cluster of Excellence, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adam Stager
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711, USA; ,
| | - Herbert G Tanner
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711, USA; ,
| | - Ikram Blilou
- Department of Plant Cell and Developmental Biology, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Guido Grossmann
- Center for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; , ,
- CellNetworks Cluster of Excellence, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anjali S Iyer-Pascuzzi
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA;
| | - Alexis Maizel
- Center for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; , ,
| | - Erin E Sparks
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and the Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711, USA;
| | - Rosangela Sozzani
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA; ,
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Stress response to CO2 deprivation by Arabidopsis thaliana in plant cultures. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212462. [PMID: 30865661 PMCID: PMC6415875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
After being the standard plant propagation protocol for decades, cultures of Arabidopsis thaliana sealed with Parafilm remain common today out of practicality, habit, or necessity (as in co-cultures with microorganisms). Regardless of concerns over the aeration of these cultures, no investigation has explored the CO2 transport inside these cultures and its effect on the plants. Thereby, it was impossible to assess whether Parafilm-seals used today or in thousands of older papers in the literature constitute a treatment, and whether this treatment could potentially affect the study of other treatments.For the first time we report the CO2 concentrations in Parafilm-sealed cultures of A. thaliana with a 1 minute temporal resolution, and the transcriptome comparison with aerated cultures. The data show significant CO2 deprivation to the plants, a drastic suppression of photosynthesis, respiration, starch accumulation, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and an increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Most importantly, CO2 deprivation occurs as soon as the cotyledons emerge. Gene expression analysis indicates a significant alteration of 35% of the pathways when compared to aerated cultures, especially in stress response and secondary metabolism processes. On the other hand, the observed increase in the production of glucosinolates and flavonoids suggests intriguing possibilities for CO2 deprivation as an organic biofortification treatment in high-value crops.
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