1
|
Hong L, Fletcher JC. Stem Cells: Engines of Plant Growth and Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14889. [PMID: 37834339 PMCID: PMC10573764 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of both animals and plants relies on populations of pluripotent stem cells that provide the cellular raw materials for organ and tissue formation. Plant stem cell reservoirs are housed at the shoot and root tips in structures called meristems, with the shoot apical meristem (SAM) continuously producing aerial leaf, stem, and flower organs throughout the life cycle. Thus, the SAM acts as the engine of plant development and has unique structural and molecular features that allow it to balance self-renewal with differentiation and act as a constant source of new cells for organogenesis while simultaneously maintaining a stem cell reservoir for future organ formation. Studies have identified key roles for intercellular regulatory networks that establish and maintain meristem activity, including the KNOX transcription factor pathway and the CLV-WUS stem cell feedback loop. In addition, the plant hormones cytokinin and auxin act through their downstream signaling pathways in the SAM to integrate stem cell activity and organ initiation. This review discusses how the various regulatory pathways collectively orchestrate SAM function and touches on how their manipulation can alter stem cell activity to improve crop yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Hong
- Plant Gene Expression Center, United States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, Albany, CA 94710, USA;
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jennifer C. Fletcher
- Plant Gene Expression Center, United States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, Albany, CA 94710, USA;
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang J, Tan M, Wang X, Jia L, Wang M, Huang A, You L, Li C, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Wang G. WUS-RELATED HOMEOBOX 14 boosts de novo plant shoot regeneration. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:748-752. [PMID: 36843039 PMCID: PMC10231361 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
WUS-RELATED HOMEOBOX 14 and its putative rice ortholog boost de novo plant shoot regeneration
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Mingfang Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xuening Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Lingyu Jia
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Mengping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Aixia Huang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Lei You
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Academy of Bio-Medicine Research, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Chen Li
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Academy of Bio-Medicine Research, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Academy of Bio-Medicine Research, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kang J, Wang X, Ishida T, Grienenberger E, Zheng Q, Wang J, Zhang Y, Chen W, Chen M, Song XF, Wu C, Hu Z, Jia L, Li C, Liu CM, Fletcher JC, Sawa S, Wang G. A group of CLE peptides regulates de novo shoot regeneration in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:2300-2312. [PMID: 35642449 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Known for their regulatory roles in stem cell homeostasis, CLAVATA3/ESR-RELATED (CLE) peptides also function as mediators of external stimuli such as hormones. De novo shoot regeneration, representing the remarkable plant cellular plasticity, involves reconstitution of stem cells under control of stem-cell regulators. Yet whether and how stem cell-regulating CLE peptides are implicated in plant regeneration remains unknown. By CRISPR/Cas9-induced loss-of-function studies, peptide application, precursor overexpression, and expression analyses, the role of CLE1-CLE7 peptides and their receptors in de novo shoot regeneration was studied in Arabidopsis thaliana. CLE1-CLE7 are induced by callus-induction medium and dynamically expressed in pluripotent callus. Exogenously-applied CLE1-CLE7 peptides or precursor overexpression effectively leads to shoot regeneration suppression, whereas their simultaneous mutation results in enhanced regenerative capacity, demonstrating that CLE1-CLE7 peptides redundantly function as negative regulators of de novo shoot regeneration. CLE1-CLE7-mediated shoot regeneration suppression is impaired in loss-of-function mutants of callus-expressed CLAVATA1 (CLV1) and BARELY ANY MERISTEM1 (BAM1) genes, indicating that CLV1/BAM1 are required for CLE1-CLE7-mediated shoot regeneration signaling. CLE1-CLE7 signaling resulted in transcriptional repression of WUSCHEL (WUS), a stem cell-promoting transcription factor known as a principal regulator of plant regeneration. Our results indicate that functionally-redundant CLE1-CLE7 peptides genetically act through CLV1/BAM1 receptors and repress WUS expression to modulate shoot-regeneration capacity, establishing the mechanistic basis for CLE1-CLE7-mediated shoot regeneration and a novel role for CLE peptides in hormone-dependent developmental plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingke Kang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Endangered Medicinal Resource Development in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xuening Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Endangered Medicinal Resource Development in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Takashi Ishida
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Etienne Grienenberger
- Plant Gene Expression Center, USDA-ARS/UC Berkeley, Albany, CA, 94710, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Qian Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Endangered Medicinal Resource Development in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Jing Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Endangered Medicinal Resource Development in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Academy of Bio-Medicine Research, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Wenqiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mengmeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiu-Fen Song
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chengyun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Zhubing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Lingyu Jia
- National Engineering Laboratory for Endangered Medicinal Resource Development in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Chen Li
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Academy of Bio-Medicine Research, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Chun-Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jennifer C Fletcher
- Plant Gene Expression Center, USDA-ARS/UC Berkeley, Albany, CA, 94710, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Shinichiro Sawa
- International Research Center for Agricultural and Environmental Biology (IRCAEB), 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Guodong Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Endangered Medicinal Resource Development in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| |
Collapse
|