Analytical chemistry at the interface between metrology and problem solving

Use of Uncertainty Calculation Software as a Didactic Tool to Improve the Knowledge of Chemistry Students in Analytical Method Validation

Calculating analytical uncertainties as a part of method validation is a relevant aspect of field and laboratory practices in instrumental analytical chemistry subjects, which usually require complex algorithms. This work describes the development and didactic use of an automatic and straightforward informatics tool, implemented in an Excel macro, for calculating and interpreting the uncertainty of an analytical method against a reference method on field measurements. The software was initially developed for field testing of low-cost air quality monitoring analytical methods against reference methods, and the present work shows its adaptation to a didactic environment. The uncertainty calculation software was implemented through an Excel macro based on Visual Basic as a graphical user interface. It finds a best-fit line that describes the relation between concentrations determined by the candidate and reference methods. The software generates the analytical validation results (slope and intercept with their respective confidence limits, and expanded uncertainty of a concentration determined by the candidate method), hiding the intermediate functions and calculations. The Excel interface eases uncertainty calculations for undergraduate students, although the background mathematics can be quickly unveiled to students for didactic purposes. This tool has been applied to a laboratory exercise focused on validating experimental results obtained in the measurement of ozone levels in ambient air by passive sampling and spectrophotometric detection. The uncertainty calculation software has proved valuable by providing the student a resource to check the analytical quality of the data generated in the laboratory, while assimilating the fundamentals behind the calculations.

Usefulness of Analytical Research: Rethinking Analytical R&D&T Strategies

This Perspective is intended to help foster true innovation in Research & Development & Transfer (R&D&T) in Analytical Chemistry in the form of advances that are primarily useful for analytical purposes rather than solely for publishing. Devising effective means to strengthen the crucial contribution of Analytical Chemistry to progress in Chemistry, Science & Technology, and Society requires carefully examining the present status of our discipline and also identifying internal and external driving forces with a potential adverse impact on its development. The diagnostic process should be followed by administration of an effective therapy and supported by adoption of a theragnostic strategy if Analytical Chemistry is to enjoy a better future.

Bridging the gap between analytical R&D products and their use in practice

Identifying the key stakeholders (viz. R&D centers, routine laboratories, clients and producers of analytical tools) and their mutual relationships in Analytical Science, and pinpointing the objects through which knowledge and technology can be transferred among them, can help one recognize the weaknesses in the links connecting 'ivory towers' and industry with a view to developing ways to bridge the existing gap between the two.